Ian Ritchie: The day I turned down Tim Berners-Lee

45,855 views ใƒป 2011-10-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:15
Well we all know the World Wide Web
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์ด
00:17
has absolutely transformed publishing, broadcasting,
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์ถœํŒ, ๋ฐฉ์†ก, ์ƒ์—…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
00:21
commerce and social connectivity,
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ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:23
but where did it all come from?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:25
And I'll quote three people:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:27
Vannevar Bush, Doug Engelbart and Tim Berners-Lee.
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๋ฒ ๋„ˆ๋ฐ” ๋ถ€์‹œ, ๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ์—”์ ค๋ฐ”๋“œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒ€ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ์Šค-๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
So let's just run through these guys.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ 
00:32
This is Vannevar Bush.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฒ ๋„ˆ๋ฐ” ๋ถ€์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:34
Vannevar Bush was the U.S. government's chief scientific adviser during the war.
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๋ฒ ๋„ˆ๋ฐ” ๋ถ€์‹œ๋Š” ์ „์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
And in 1945,
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1945๋…„,
00:39
he published an article in a magazine called Atlantic Monthly.
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๊ทธ๋Š” '์›”๊ฐ„ ์• ํ‹€๋ž€ํ‹ฑ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žก์ง€์— ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:42
And the article was called "As We May Think."
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:45
And what Vannevar Bush was saying
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๋ฒ ๋„ˆ๋ฐ” ๋ถ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
00:47
was the way we use information is broken.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:50
We don't work in terms of libraries
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์นด๋‹ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ
00:53
and catalog systems and so forth.
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๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:55
The brain works by association.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:57
With one item in its thought, it snaps instantly to the next item.
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๋‡Œ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:00
And the way information is structured
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
01:02
is totally incapable of keeping up with this process.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์™€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋งž์งˆ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:05
And so he suggested a machine,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฉ”๋ฉ•์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋˜
01:07
and he called it the memex.
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ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:09
And the memex would link information,
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๋ฉ”๋ฉ•์Šค๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
01:11
one piece of information to a related piece of information and so forth.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:14
Now this was in 1945.
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์ด๊ฑด 1945๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
A computer in those days
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์ด ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š”
01:18
was something the secret services used to use for code breaking.
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์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:21
And nobody knew anything about it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:23
So this was before the computer was invented.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:25
And he proposed this machine called the memex.
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๋ถ€์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฉ”๋ฉ•์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:27
And he had a platform where you linked information to other information,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:30
and then you could call it up at will.
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์•„๋ฌด ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
So spinning forward,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋ฉด,
01:34
one of the guys who read this article was a guy called Doug Engelbart,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๋”๊ทธ ์—”์ ค๋ฐ”๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:36
and he was a U.S. Air Force officer.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ ๊ณต๊ตฐ์˜ ์žฅ๊ต์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:38
And he was reading it in their library in the Far East.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทน๋™์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ํ•œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:41
And he was so inspired by this article,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
01:43
it kind of directed the rest of his life.
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์ด ๊ธ€์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋‚จ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:45
And by the mid-60s, he was able to put this into action
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  60๋…„ ๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ
01:48
when he worked at the Stanford Research Lab in California.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
He built a system.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:54
The system was designed to augment human intelligence, it was called.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:57
And in a premonition of today's world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
02:00
of cloud computing and softwares of service,
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oN-Line System์˜ ์•ฝ์ž๋กœ NLS๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๊ณ ,
02:02
his system was called NLS
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ…๊ณผ
02:04
for oN-Line System.
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์‹œ์ดˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:06
And this is Doug Engelbart.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ์—”์ ค๋ฐ”๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:08
He was giving a presentation at the Fall Joint Computer Conference
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1968๋…„ ์ถ”๊ณ„ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ
02:11
in 1968.
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๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:14
What he showed --
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
02:16
he sat on a stage like this, and he demonstrated this system.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:19
He had his head mic like I've got.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ ์„œ
02:21
And he works this system.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:23
And you can see, he's working between documents
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฌธ์„œ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
02:25
and graphics and so forth.
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๊ณ„์† ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
And he's driving it all
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
02:29
with this platform here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ์™€
02:31
with a five-finger keyboard
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ
02:33
and the world's first computer mouse,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ
02:35
which he specially designed in order to do this system.
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์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
So this is where the mouse came from as well.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:39
So this is Doug Engelbart.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ์—”์ ค๋ฐ”๋“œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
The trouble with Doug Engelbart's system
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๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ์—”์ ค๋ฐ”๋“œ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
02:43
was that the computers in those days cost several million pounds.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:46
So for a personal computer,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:48
a few million pounds was like having a personal jet plane;
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:50
it wasn't really very practical.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
02:52
But spin on to the 80s
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์šฉํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
02:54
when personal computers did arrive,
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80๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
02:56
then there was room for this kind of system on personal computers.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์—”์ ค๋ฐ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
And my company, OWL
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ OWL์€
03:00
built a system called Guide for the Apple Macintosh.
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์• ํ”Œ์˜ ๋งคํ‚จํ† ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ Guide๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:03
And we delivered the world's first hypertext system.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•˜์ดํผํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
And this began to get a head of steam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
Apple introduced a thing called HyperCard,
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์• ํ”Œ์€ ํ•˜์ดํผ์นด๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:11
and they made a bit of a fuss about it.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ํฐ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:13
They had a 12-page supplement in the Wall Street Journal the day it launched.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋˜ ๋‚  ์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ €๋„์— 12ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ 
03:16
The magazines started to cover it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žก์ง€๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:18
Byte magazine and Communications at the ACM
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Byte magazine๊ณผ ACM์˜ Communications์ง€๋Š”
03:20
had special issues covering hypertext.
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ํ•˜์ดํผํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํŒ์„ ๋ƒˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
We developed a PC version of this product
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋งคํ‚จํ† ์‹œ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:24
as well as the Macintosh version.
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PC ๋ฒ„์ „๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:26
And our PC version became quite mature.
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PC๋ฒ„์ „์€ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์™„์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:29
These are some examples of this system in action in the late 80s.
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์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ 80๋…„ ๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:33
You were able to deliver documents, were able to do it over networks.
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๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
We developed a system such
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” html์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ
03:38
that it had a markup language based on html.
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๋งˆํฌ์—… ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:40
We called it hml: hypertext markup language.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ hypertext markup language๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ hml๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ €์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:43
And the system was capable of doing
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
03:45
very, very large documentation systems over computer networks.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:49
So I took this system to a trade show in Versailles near Paris
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ 1990๋…„ 11์›” ๋ง์— ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜
03:52
in late November 1990.
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๋ฒ ๋ฅด์‚ฌ์œ ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ „๋žŒํšŒ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
And I was approached by a nice young man called Tim Berners-Lee
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒ€ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ์Šค-๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ,
03:57
who said, "Are you Ian Ritchie?" and I said, "Yeah."
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"์ด์•ˆ ๋ฆฟ์น˜ ์”จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๊ธธ๋ž˜ "๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
And he said, "I need to talk to you."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” "๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ง์”€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”
04:01
And he told me about his proposed system called the World Wide Web.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น(World Wide Web)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:04
And I thought, well, that's got a pretentious name,
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์ „, ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:07
especially since the whole system ran on his computer in his office.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์šด์˜์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
04:10
But he was completely convinced that his World Wide Web
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์ด
04:13
would take over the world one day.
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์— ์ฐจ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:15
And he tried to persuade me to write the browser for it,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜, ๊ธ€์”จ์ฒด, ๋ ˆ์ด์•„์›ƒ ๋“ฑ์ด
04:17
because his system didn't have any graphics or fonts or layout or anything;
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์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ธ€๋งŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—,
04:20
it was just plain text.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋“์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:22
I thought, well, you know, interesting,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ 'ํ , ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ตฐ
04:25
but a guy from CERN, he's not going to do this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ CERN ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒ ๋„ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:27
So we didn't do it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ 
04:29
In the next couple of years,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ๋„
04:31
the hypertext community didn't recognize him either.
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ํ•˜์ดํผํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:33
In 1992, his paper was rejected for the Hypertext Conference.
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1992๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ํ•˜์ดํผํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:36
In 1993,
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1993๋…„,
04:39
there was a table at the conference in Seattle,
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์‹œ์• ํ‹€์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ•œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ
04:41
and a guy called Marc Andreessen
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๋งˆํฌ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์Šจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€
04:43
was demonstrating his little browser for the World Wide Web.
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์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:46
And I saw it, and I thought, yep, that's it.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ดค๊ณ , '๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €๊ฑฐ์•ผ'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ 
04:48
And the very next year, in 1994, we had the conference here in Edinburgh,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด์ธ 1944๋…„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๊ณณ ์—๋ด๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:51
and I had no opposition in having Tim Berners-Lee as the keynote speaker.
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์ „ ํŒ€ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ์Šค-๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กฐ ์—ฐ์„ค์ž๋กœ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:55
So that puts me in pretty illustrious company.
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์ œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ 
04:57
There was a guy called Dick Rowe
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”• ๋กœ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:59
who was at Decca Records and turned down The Beatles.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ์นด ๋ ˆ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋น„ํ‹€์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
There was a guy called Gary Kildall
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๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:03
who went flying his plane
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๊ทธ๋Š” IMB์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋งž๋Š”
05:05
when IBM came looking for an operating system
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์šด์˜์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
05:07
for the IBM PC,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:09
and he wasn't there, so they went back to see Bill Gates.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ IMB์€ ๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”์—ˆ์ฃ 
05:11
And the 12 publishers
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ก  ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ
05:13
who turned down J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter, I guess.
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J.K ๋กค๋ง์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ๋„ 12๊ฐœ ์ •๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ์š”
05:16
On the other hand, there's Marc Andreessen
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
05:18
who wrote the world's first browser for the World Wide Web.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋งˆํฌ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์„ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
05:20
And according to Fortune magazine,
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ํฌ์ธˆ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š”
05:22
he's worth 700 million dollars.
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7์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”
05:24
But is he happy?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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