Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Flow, the secret to happiness

1,017,224 views ใƒป 2008-10-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunyoung Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ChangHyun Lee
00:12
I grew up in Europe, and World War II caught me
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์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์€
00:17
when I was between seven and 10 years old.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 7์‚ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์‚ด์ด๋˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:21
And I realized how few of the grown-ups that I knew
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘
00:28
were able to withstand the tragedies that the war visited on them --
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๊ทน์„ ์ž˜ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:38
how few of them could even resemble a normal, contented,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ถ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
satisfied, happy life once their job, their home, their security
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด
00:55
was destroyed by the war.
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์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:57
So I became interested in understanding
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๋Š”
01:00
what contributed to a life that was worth living.
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์‚ถ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And I tried, as a child, as a teenager, to read philosophy
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋กœ์„œ, ๋˜ 10๋Œ€ ์†Œ๋…„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:11
and to get involved in art and religion and many other ways
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต ํ™œ๋™๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ๋ดค๊ณ ,
01:19
that I could see as a possible answer to that question.
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ค„๋งŒํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And finally I ended up encountering psychology by chance.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:32
I was at a ski resort in Switzerland without any money
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ ์Šคํ‚ค์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ผํ‘ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
to actually enjoy myself, because the snow had melted and
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์Šคํ‚ค์žฅ์— ๋ˆˆ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ๋…น์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š” --
01:45
I didn't have money to go to a movie. But I found that on the --
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์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋ˆ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ --
01:50
I read in the newspapers that there was to be a presentation
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
by someone in a place that I'd seen in the center of Zurich,
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์–ด์  ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฎœ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋„์‹ฌ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:01
and it was about flying saucers [that] he was going to talk.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋น„ํ–‰์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
And I thought, well, since I can't go to the movies,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:09
at least I will go for free to listen to flying saucers.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋น„ํ–‰์ ‘์‹œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง˜๋†“๊ณ  ๋“ค์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
02:15
And the man who talked at that evening lecture was very interesting.
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์ €๋…์— ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฝค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Instead of talking about little green men,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์€ -- ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ž‘์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
02:27
he talked about how the psyche of the Europeans
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
02:32
had been traumatized by the war, and now they're projecting
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์ „์Ÿ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—
02:36
flying saucers into the sky.
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๋น„ํ–‰์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ…Œ๋ฉด --
02:40
He talked about how the mandalas of ancient Hindu religion
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์ „์Ÿ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ ํ›„ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋กœ์„œ
02:45
were kind of projected into the sky as an attempt to regain
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต์˜ ๋งŒ๋‹ค๋ผ๋“ค์ด
02:52
some sense of order after the chaos of war.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:56
And this seemed very interesting to me.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And I started reading his books after that lecture.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:02
And that was Carl Jung, whose name or work I had no idea about.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์นผ ์œต์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Then I came to this country to study psychology
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ์™€์„œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:13
and I started trying to understand the roots of happiness.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ๊ทผ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
This is a typical result that many people have presented,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
and there are many variations on it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
03:28
But this, for instance, shows that about 30 percent of the people
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ…Œ๋ฉด, 1956๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘
03:32
surveyed in the United States since 1956
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์•ฝ 30% ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:36
say that their life is very happy.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
And that hasn't changed at all.
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์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Whereas the personal income,
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์ € ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์†Œ๋“์ด
03:44
on a scale that has been held constant to accommodate for inflation,
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ
03:50
has more than doubled, almost tripled, in that period.
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๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์ด์ƒ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
03:54
But you find essentially the same results,
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์ด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
namely, that after a certain basic point -- which corresponds more or less
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์ฆ‰, ์ตœ์ € ์ƒ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์•ฝ 1์ฒœ~3์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
04:03
to just a few 1,000 dollars above the minimum poverty level --
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์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„˜์œผ๋ฉด,
04:07
increases in material well-being don't seem to affect how happy people are.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
In fact, you can find that the lack of basic resources,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ž์›, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด
04:21
material resources, contributes to unhappiness,
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๋ถˆํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
but the increase in material resources does not increase happiness.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ž์›์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So my research has been focused more on --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
after finding out these things that actually corresponded
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ๋„ ๋งž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ดํ›„
04:42
to my own experience, I tried to understand:
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ
04:45
where -- in everyday life, in our normal experience --
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:51
do we feel really happy?
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And to start
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40๋…„ ์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:58
those studies about 40 years ago, I began to look at creative people --
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
05:03
first artists and scientists, and so forth -- trying to understand
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์šฐ์„  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์™€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ --
05:09
what made them feel that it was worth essentially spending their life
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:19
doing things for which many of them didn't expect either fame or fortune,
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๋ช…์˜ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:25
but which made their life meaningful and worth doing.
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์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:30
This was one of the leading composers of American music back in the '70s.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” 70๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์Œ์•…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์†๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
And the interview was 40 pages long.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ 40ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ •๋„์˜€์ฃ .
05:39
But this little excerpt is a very good summary
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์ด ๋ฐœ์ทŒ๋ฌธ์€
05:43
of what he was saying during the interview.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
And it describes how he feels when composing is going well.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:52
And he says by describing it as an ecstatic state.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Now, "ecstasy" in Greek meant
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ์€
05:58
simply to stand to the side of something.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์„œ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
And then it became essentially an analogy for a mental state
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”
06:08
where you feel that you are not doing your ordinary everyday routines.
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์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
So ecstasy is essentially a stepping into an alternative reality.
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๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:20
And it's interesting, if you think about it, how, when we think about
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
06:25
the civilizations that we look up to as having been pinnacles of human achievement --
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—…์ ์˜ ์ •์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด์š”. --
06:31
whether it's China, Greece, the Hindu civilization,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋“ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋“ , ํžŒ๋‘ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋“ ,
06:36
or the Mayas, or Egyptians -- what we know about them
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์•ผ๋‚˜ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋“ ์ง€์š”. --- ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:41
is really about their ecstasies, not about their everyday life.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌด์•„๊ฒฝ์ด์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
We know the temples they built, where people could come
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์‚ฌ์›๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์›์— ์™€์„œ
06:49
to experience a different reality.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
We know about the circuses,
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์›ํ˜•๊ด‘์žฅ,
06:54
the arenas, the theaters.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ, ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
06:57
These are the remains of civilizations and they are the places that people went
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์™€์„œ
07:05
to experience life in a more concentrated, more ordered form.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†์ถ•๋˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ˆ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
07:14
Now, this man doesn't need to go to a place like this,
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์ž, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
which is also -- this place, this arena, which is built
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๋˜ํ•œ -- ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์›ํ˜• ๊ทน์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:22
like a Greek amphitheatre, is a place for ecstasy also.
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์ด๊ณณ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์•„๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
We are participating in a reality that is different
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๋˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์‹ค์—
07:30
from that of the everyday life that we're used to.
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
But this man doesn't need to go there.
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์ด ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
He needs just a piece of paper where he can put down little marks,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋จผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and as he does that, he can imagine sounds
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์ข…์ด์— ๋„์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
07:48
that had not existed before in that particular combination.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
So once he gets to that point of beginning to create,
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์ผ๋‹จ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด --
07:58
like Jennifer did in her improvisation,
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ --
08:01
a new reality -- that is, a moment of ecstasy --
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด์•„๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:06
he enters that different reality.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Now he says also that this is so intense an experience
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๊ฝค ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ด์„œ
08:13
that it feels almost as if he didn't exist.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And that sounds like a kind of a romantic exaggeration.
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์†Œ์„ค์—๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๊ณผ์žฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
08:22
But actually, our nervous system is incapable of processing
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š”
08:26
more than about 110 bits of information per second.
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1์ดˆ์— 110 ๋น„ํŠธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
And in order to hear me and understand what I'm saying,
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์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด,
08:35
you need to process about 60 bits per second.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 1์ดˆ์— ์•ฝ 60 ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
That's why you can't hear more than two people.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด์ฃ .
08:42
You can't understand more than two people talking to you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‘ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Well, when you are really involved in this completely engaging process
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค๋ฉด,
08:56
of creating something new, as this man is,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
08:59
he doesn't have enough attention left over to monitor
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์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ์ง€๋ฅผ
09:05
how his body feels, or his problems at home.
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
He can't feel even that he's hungry or tired.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
His body disappears,
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๋ชธ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ ,
09:15
his identity disappears from his consciousness,
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์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๋„ ์˜์‹์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
because he doesn't have enough attention, like none of us do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
to really do well something that requires a lot of concentration,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
09:30
and at the same time to feel that he exists.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
09:32
So existence is temporarily suspended.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ์€ ์ž ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And he says that his hand seems to be moving by itself.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์†์ด ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Now, I could look at my hand for two weeks, and I wouldn't feel
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 2์ฃผ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ ์†์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„, ์ €๋Š”
09:51
any awe or wonder, because I can't compose. (Laughter)
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:55
So what it's telling you here
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์ฆ‰, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€,
09:57
is that obviously this automatic,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋™์ , ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:04
spontaneous process that he's describing can only happen to someone
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์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ
10:09
who is very well trained and who has developed technique.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
And it has become a kind of a truism in the study of creativity
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์ด๊ฑด ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„  ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ป”ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ,
10:20
that you can't be creating anything with less than 10 years
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ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•ด์„œ
10:25
of technical-knowledge immersion in a particular field.
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10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
Whether it's mathematics or music, it takes that long
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด๋“ , ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์ด๋“  -- ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:36
to be able to begin to change something in a way that it's better
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์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
10:44
than what was there before.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด์š”.
10:47
Now, when that happens,
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ,
10:49
he says the music just flows out.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์•…์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And because all of these people I started interviewing --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ --
10:55
this was an interview which is over 30 years old --
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์ด๊ฑด 30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ๋œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š” --
11:01
so many of the people described this as a spontaneous flow
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ด๋ผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
that I called this type of experience the "flow experience."
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ "๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฒฝํ—˜"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
And it happens in different realms.
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๋ชฐ์ž…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
For instance, a poet describes it in this form.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์‹œ์ธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
This is by a student of mine who interviewed
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:20
some of the leading writers and poets in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹œ์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
And it describes the same effortless, spontaneous feeling
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—†๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
that you get when you enter into this ecstatic state.
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๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์š”.
11:32
This poet describes it as opening a door that floats in the sky --
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์ด ์‹œ์ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
11:37
a very similar description to what Albert Einstein gave
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์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ฐ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ,
11:40
as to how he imagined the forces of relativity,
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์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
11:46
when he was struggling with trying to understand how it worked.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
11:50
But it happens in other activities.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
For instance, this is another student of mine,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ,
11:57
Susan Jackson from Australia, who did work
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž” ์žญ์Šจ์€
12:01
with some of the leading athletes in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์œก์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค ๋ช‡๋ช‡์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
And you see here in this description of an Olympic skater,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์„ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ์š”,
12:09
the same essential description of the phenomenology
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๋‚ด์  ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:12
of the inner state of the person.
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
You don't think; it goes automatically,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์Œ์•…์— ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ชฐ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:17
if you merge yourself with the music, and so forth.
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์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
It happens also, actually, in the most recent book I wrote,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด, ์ €์˜ ์ตœ์‹ ์ž‘์ธ
12:25
called "Good Business," where I interviewed some of the CEOs
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"๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜"์—๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:28
who had been nominated by their peers as being both very successful
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžŒ
12:33
and very ethical, very socially responsible.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ CEO์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
You see that these people define success
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„
12:40
as something that helps others and at the same time
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
12:45
makes you feel happy as you are working at it.
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
And like all of these successful and responsible CEOs say,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ CEO๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
12:55
you can't have just one of these things be successful
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
if you want a meaningful and successful job.
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๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”. --
13:05
Anita Roddick is another one of these CEOs we interviewed.
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์•„๋‹ˆํƒ€ ๋กœ๋”•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•œ CEO๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
She is the founder of Body Shop,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ™”์žฅํ’ˆ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์ธ
13:14
the natural cosmetics king.
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๋ฐ”๋””์ƒต์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
It's kind of a passion that comes
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:18
from doing the best and having flow while you're working.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์—ด์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
This is an interesting little quote from Masaru Ibuka,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ด๋ถ€์นด ๋งˆ์‚ฌ๋ฃจ์˜ ์งง๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
who was at that time starting out Sony without any money,
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์ด๋ถ€์นด ๋งˆ์‚ฌ๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ผํ‘ผ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ฒ”์‹œ์ผฐ์ฃ .
13:31
without a product -- they didn't have a product,
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์ œํ’ˆ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”. -- ์ œํ’ˆ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
13:33
they didn't have anything, but they had an idea.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
And the idea he had was to establish a place of work where engineers
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:41
can feel the joy of technological innovation,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ง˜๊ป ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:45
be aware of their mission to society and work to their heart's content.
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์ž‘์—… ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:50
I couldn't improve on this as a good example
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๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ์—…๋ฌด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:54
of how flow enters the workplace.
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์ด๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Now, when we do studies --
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
14:00
we have, with other colleagues around the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
14:04
done over 8,000 interviews of people -- from Dominican monks,
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8,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๋„๋ฏธ๋‹ˆํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ๋“ค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
14:09
to blind nuns, to Himalayan climbers, to Navajo shepherds --
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋…€๋“ค, ํžˆ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฐ”ํ˜ธ์กฑ ์–‘์น˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ --
14:16
who enjoy their work.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
And regardless of the culture,
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๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด,
14:20
regardless of education or whatever, there are these seven conditions
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๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ชฐ์ž… ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
14:27
that seem to be there when a person is in flow.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
There's this focus that, once it becomes intense,
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๋ชฐ์ž…์€ ์ผ๋‹จ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด,
14:35
leads to a sense of ecstasy, a sense of clarity:
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๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
you know exactly what you want to do from one moment to the other;
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๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ,
14:42
you get immediate feedback.
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
You know that what you need to do
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋น„๋ก ์–ด๋ ต๋”๋ผ๋„
14:46
is possible to do, even though difficult,
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ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:49
and sense of time disappears, you forget yourself,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋…์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
you feel part of something larger.
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๋” ํฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
14:55
And once the conditions are present,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋˜๋ฉด,
14:58
what you are doing becomes worth doing for its own sake.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
In our studies, we represent the everyday life of people in this simple scheme.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
And we can measure this very precisely, actually,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 10๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์‚์‚๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
15:13
because we give people electronic pagers that go off 10 times a day,
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์‚์‚๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€,
15:17
and whenever they go off you say what you're doing, how you feel,
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
15:22
where you are, what you're thinking about.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
And two things that we measure is the amount of challenge
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š”
15:27
people experience at that moment and the amount of skill
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๋„์ „์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
15:31
that they feel they have at that moment.
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
So for each person we can establish an average,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
15:37
which is the center of the diagram.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง€์ ์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
That would be your mean level of challenge and skill,
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ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
15:43
which will be different from that of anybody else.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
But you have a kind of a set point there, which would be in the middle.
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์ค‘์•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:51
If we know what that set point is,
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๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฉด,
15:53
we can predict fairly accurately when you will be in flow,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:58
and it will be when your challenges are higher than average
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์€ ๋„์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ
16:01
and skills are higher than average.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์‹œ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
And you may be doing things very differently from other people,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
16:07
but for everyone that flow channel, that area there,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฐ์ž…(Flow) ์ฑ„๋„ ์˜์—ญ์€
16:11
will be when you are doing what you really like to do --
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
16:15
play the piano, be with your best friend, perhaps work,
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ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š”
16:21
if work is what provides flow for you.
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์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:25
And then the other areas become less and less positive.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ ์  ๋œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
Arousal is still good because you are over-challenged there.
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๊ฐ์„ฑ(Arousal)์€ ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
Your skills are not quite as high as they should be,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋งŒํผ ๋†’์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
16:36
but you can move into flow fairly easily
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
16:39
by just developing a little more skill.
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๊ฝค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชฐ์ž… ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
So, arousal is the area where most people learn from,
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์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
because that's where they're pushed beyond their comfort zone
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜์„œ
16:52
and to enter that -- going back to flow --
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๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . -- ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ชฐ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  --
16:55
then they develop higher skills.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹ ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
Control is also a good place to be,
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ํ†ต์ œ(Control)๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
because there you feel comfortable, but not very excited.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
It's not very challenging any more.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋„์ „์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
17:08
And if you want to enter flow from control,
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ํ†ต์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชฐ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:10
you have to increase the challenges.
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๋„์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
So those two are ideal and complementary areas
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์ € ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
17:17
from which flow is easy to go into.
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณด์™„์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
The other combinations of challenge and skill
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๋„์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€
17:24
become progressively less optimal.
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์ ์  ๋œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
Relaxation is fine -- you still feel OK.
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์ด์™„(Relaxation)์€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ .
17:29
Boredom begins to be very aversive
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๊ถŒํƒœ(Boredom)๋Š” ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:34
and apathy becomes very negative:
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๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ(Apathy)์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
17:38
you don't feel that you're doing anything,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ,
17:42
you don't use your skills, there's no challenge.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์ „์„ฑ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ฃ .
17:44
Unfortunately, a lot of people's experience is in apathy.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
The largest single contributor to that experience
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์€
17:56
is watching television; the next one is being in the bathroom, sitting.
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TV ์‹œ์ฒญ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
Even though sometimes watching television
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๊ฐ€๋” TV ์‹œ์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
18:08
about seven to eight percent of the time is in flow,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 7~8% ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜
18:12
but that's when you choose a program you really want to watch
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ์„œ
18:15
and you get feedback from it.
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ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
So the question we are trying to address -- and I'm way over time --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ -- ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋„ค์š” --
18:24
is how to put more and more of everyday life in that flow channel.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ทธ ๋ชฐ์ž… ์ฑ„๋„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
And that is the kind of challenge that we're trying to understand.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋„์ „์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
And some of you obviously know how to do that spontaneously
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
18:38
without any advice, but unfortunately a lot of people don't.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„์‹ค ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
18:42
And that's what our mandate is, in a way, to do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋กœ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค.
18:48
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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