Why Brexit happened -- and what to do next | Alexander Betts

1,867,384 views ใƒป 2016-08-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Joo Young Moon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I am British.
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์ „ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
00:20
Never before has the phrase "I am British" elicited so much pity.
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์ด ๋ง๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:24
(Laughter)
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00:26
I come from an island where many of us like to believe
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์ „ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฒœ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€์š”.
00:29
there's been a lot of continuity over the last thousand years.
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00:33
We tend to have historically imposed change on others
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํŽธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:36
but done much less of it ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
So it came as an immense shock to me
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ 
00:41
when I woke up on the morning of June 24
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6์›” 24์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
00:44
to discover that my country had voted to leave the European Union,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํƒˆํ‡ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
my Prime Minister had resigned,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ž„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:50
and Scotland was considering a referendum
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ ์กด์žฌ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ข…๋ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:53
that could bring to an end the very existence of the United Kingdom.
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00:58
So that was an immense shock for me,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋งŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:01
and it was an immense shock for many people,
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
but it was also something that, over the following several days,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—
01:08
created a complete political meltdown
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
in my country.
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01:12
There were calls for a second referendum,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:15
almost as if, following a sports match,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
01:17
we could ask the opposition for a replay.
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
01:20
Everybody was blaming everybody else.
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๋„ˆ๋‚˜ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ ์—†์ด ๋‹ค๋“ค ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:23
People blamed the Prime Minister
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:24
for calling the referendum in the first place.
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๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง„์˜์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
They blamed the leader of the opposition for not fighting it hard enough.
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์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํƒ“ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:30
The young accused the old.
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01:31
The educated blamed the less well-educated.
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๊ณ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ธต์€ ์ €ํ•™๋ ฅ์ธต์„ ํƒ“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
That complete meltdown was made even worse
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
์ ์  ๋” ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ œ์ผ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ธ
01:38
by the most tragic element of it:
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01:40
levels of xenophobia and racist abuse in the streets of Britain
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์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค์™€ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„  ํ•™๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:44
at a level that I have never seen before
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ œ ํ‰์ƒ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
in my lifetime.
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01:49
People are now talking about whether my country is becoming a Little England,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ๋Š”
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:54
or, as one of my colleagues put it,
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์ €์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:56
whether we're about to become a 1950s nostalgia theme park
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1950๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ํ…Œ๋งˆํŒŒํฌ๋กœ์„œ
02:00
floating in the Atlantic Ocean.
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์— ๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋–  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:02
(Laughter)
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02:05
But my question is really,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:08
should we have the degree of shock that we've experienced since?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„
๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์™€
02:13
Was it something that took place overnight?
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ํ•˜๋ฃป ๋ฐค์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€
02:15
Or are there deeper structural factors that have led us to where we are today?
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๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์ค„ ๋งŒํ•œ
์ข€ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
So I want to take a step back and ask two very basic questions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์„œ
๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
First, what does Brexit represent,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:27
not just for my country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
but for all of us around the world?
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02:32
And second, what can we do about it?
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:35
How should we all respond?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:37
So first, what does Brexit represent?
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:40
Hindsight is a wonderful thing.
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๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Brexit teaches us many things about our society
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๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
02:47
and about societies around the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
It highlights in ways that we seem embarrassingly unaware of
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๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋œ ์ ์€ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ •๋„์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:54
how divided our societies are.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์—ด๋๋Š”์ง€ ์ธ์‹ ๋ชป ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
02:56
The vote split along lines of age, education, class and geography.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋ณ„
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธต๋ณ„๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถ„์—ด๋ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Young people didn't turn out to vote in great numbers,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
03:06
but those that did wanted to remain.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Older people really wanted to leave the European Union.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํƒˆํ‡ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:12
Geographically, it was London and Scotland that most strongly committed
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์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:15
to being part of the European Union,
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03:17
while in other parts of the country there was very strong ambivalence.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž”๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:23
Those divisions are things we really need to recognize and take seriously.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
But more profoundly, the vote teaches us something
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์€
03:30
about the nature of politics today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ •์น˜์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Contemporary politics is no longer just about right and left.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ •์น˜์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šฐ์ต ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ขŒ์ต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ 
03:36
It's no longer just about tax and spend.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์„ธ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ๋งŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
It's about globalization.
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๊ทธ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:41
The fault line of contemporary politics is between those that embrace globalization
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜์ฃ .
์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
03:46
and those that fear globalization.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:55
If we look at why those who wanted to leave --
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ํƒˆํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
03:58
we call them "Leavers," as opposed to "Remainers" --
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"๋‚จ๋Š” ์ž"์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ "๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
we see two factors in the opinion polls
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์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ด์œ  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€
04:03
that really mattered.
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์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:04
The first was immigration, and the second sovereignty,
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
and these represent a desire for people to take back control of their own lives
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š•๋ง๊ณผ
04:13
and the feeling that they are unrepresented by politicians.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„œ์ค„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
But those ideas are ones that signify fear and alienation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
04:23
They represent a retreat back towards nationalism and borders
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:29
in ways that many of us would reject.
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04:31
What I want to suggest is the picture is more complicated than that,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
04:34
that liberal internationalists,
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๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—๋Š” ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ๊ตญ์ œ์ฃผ์˜์ž์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด์„œ
04:36
like myself, and I firmly include myself in that picture,
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์ €๋„ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ๋™์ฐธ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
need to write ourselves back into the picture
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:42
in order to understand how we've got to where we are today.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
When we look at the voting patterns across the United Kingdom,
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์˜๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
04:50
we can visibly see the divisions.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
The blue areas show Remain
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:55
and the red areas Leave.
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๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์€ ํƒˆํ‡ด ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
When I looked at this,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•
๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:59
what personally struck me was the very little time in my life
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05:02
I've actually spent in many of the red areas.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์—์„  ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
I suddenly realized that, looking at the top 50 areas in the UK
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์˜๊ตญ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ƒ์œ„ 50๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒˆํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:11
that have the strongest Leave vote,
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05:13
I've spent a combined total of four days of my life in those areas.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚ธ ๋‚ ์€ ์ด์ œ๊ป ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๋‚ ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
๋‹ค ํ•ฉ์ณ๋„ 4์ผ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
In some of those places,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:21
I didn't even know the names of the voting districts.
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05:24
It was a real shock to me,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
and it suggested that people like me
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ ์€ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ์„œ
05:28
who think of ourselves as inclusive, open and tolerant,
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋„
05:32
perhaps don't know our own countries and societies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:35
nearly as well as we like to believe.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:48
And the challenge that comes from that is we need to find a new way
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
05:52
to narrate globalization to those people,
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05:55
to recognize that for those people who have not necessarily been to university,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๊ผญ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
who haven't necessarily grown up with the Internet,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด๋„
06:01
that don't get opportunities to travel,
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒํ•œํ…Œ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
06:04
they may be unpersuaded by the narrative that we find persuasive
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋“ ๋ชป ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:07
in our often liberal bubbles.
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์ง„๋ณด์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์†์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:15
It means that we need to reach out more broadly and understand.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:19
In the Leave vote, a minority have peddled the politics of fear and hatred,
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ํƒˆํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ฆ์˜ค์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ ค ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
creating lies and mistrust
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด
06:28
around, for instance, the idea that the vote on Europe
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ํƒˆํ‡ด ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
06:31
could reduce the number of refugees and asylum-seekers coming to Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ง๋ช… ์‹ ์ฒญ์ž ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
06:35
when the vote on leaving had nothing to do with immigration
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ํƒˆํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š”
์ด๋ฏผ์ž ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
from outside the European Union.
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06:41
But for a significant majority of the Leave voters
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํƒˆํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
06:44
the concern was disillusionment with the political establishment.
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๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™˜๋ฉธ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
This was a protest vote for many,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋˜์ง„ ํ•ญ์˜ ํ‘œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:50
a sense that nobody represented them,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ ๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ์ฃ .
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด ์ค„ ์ •๋‹น์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:53
that they couldn't find a political party that spoke for them,
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06:56
and so they rejected that political establishment.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
This replicates around Europe and much of the liberal democratic world.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ณต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ
07:06
We see it with the rise in popularity of Donald Trump in the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:11
with the growing nationalism of Viktor Orbรกn in Hungary,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
๋น…ํ† ๋ฅด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:15
with the increase in popularity of Marine Le Pen in France.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆฐ ๋ฅดํŽœ์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:20
The specter of Brexit is in all of our societies.
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์˜๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ํƒˆํ‡ดํ•œ ๋ง๋ น์ด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋– ๋Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
So the question I think we need to ask is my second question,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
which is how should we collectively respond?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:31
For all of us who care about creating liberal, open, tolerant societies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:37
we urgently need a new vision,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
a vision of a more tolerant, inclusive globalization,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
one that brings people with us rather than leaving them behind.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:48
That vision of globalization
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:50
is one that has to start by a recognition of the positive benefits of globalization.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
The consensus amongst economists
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
์ž์œ  ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
07:58
is that free trade, the movement of capital,
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08:00
the movement of people across borders
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
benefit everyone on aggregate.
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08:05
The consensus amongst international relations scholars
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ก  ํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ค‘๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
08:08
is that globalization brings interdependence,
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ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜์กด์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:10
which brings cooperation and peace.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
But globalization also has redistributive effects.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์—” ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
08:18
It creates winners and losers.
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์Šน์ž์™€ ํŒจ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:21
To take the example of migration,
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด
08:23
we know that immigration is a net positive for the economy as a whole
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
under almost all circumstances.
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08:30
But we also have to be very aware
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€
08:33
that there are redistributive consequences,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:36
that importantly, low-skilled immigration
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
08:39
can lead to a reduction in wages for the most impoverished in our societies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
08:44
and also put pressure on house prices.
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์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์— ์••๋ฐ•์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
That doesn't detract from the fact that it's positive,
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์ฃ .
08:48
but it means more people have to share in those benefits
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
and recognize them.
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08:55
In 2002, the former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan,
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2002๋…„๋„์—๋Š” ์œ ์—”์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ด์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฝ”ํ”ผ ์•„๋‚œ์ด
09:00
gave a speech at Yale University,
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์˜ˆ์ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
๊ทธ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
and that speech was on the topic of inclusive globalization.
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09:07
That was the speech in which he coined that term.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค ์ค‘์— 'ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”'๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์ฃ 
09:10
And he said, and I paraphrase,
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
"The glass house of globalization has to be open to all
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:18
if it is to remain secure.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:21
Bigotry and ignorance
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š”
09:24
are the ugly face of exclusionary and antagonistic globalization."
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ํฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”ํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด๋ฉฐ
ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ ๋Œ€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
09:31
That idea of inclusive globalization was briefly revived in 2008
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๊ทธ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž ์‹œ ํ™œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์€ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
2008๋…„์— ์—ด๋ ธ๋˜
09:36
in a conference on progressive governance
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์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ํ†ต์น˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
involving many of the leaders of European countries.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ฒฌ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:43
But amid austerity and the financial crisis of 2008,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2008๋…„๋„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ถํ•ํ•œ ์™€์ค‘์—
09:47
the concept disappeared almost without a trace.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ”์ ๋„ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
Globalization has been taken to support a neoliberal agenda.
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์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š”
09:54
It's perceived to be part of an elite agenda
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜œํƒ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
09:57
rather than something that benefits all.
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๊ธฐ๋“๊ถŒ์ธต๋งŒ์˜ ์˜์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:00
And it needs to be reclaimed on a far more inclusive basis
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ณด๋‹จ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
10:03
than it is today.
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๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
So the question is, how can we achieve that goal?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:09
How can we balance on the one hand addressing fear and alienation
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถœ๊นŒ์š”?
๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ๊ณผ
10:14
while on the other hand refusing vehemently
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค์™€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
10:17
to give in to xenophobia and nationalism?
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
That is the question for all of us.
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ฃ .
10:23
And I think, as a social scientist,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
10:25
that social science offers some places to start.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:29
Our transformation has to be about both ideas and about material change,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€
10:34
and I want to give you four ideas as a starting point.
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
The first relates to the idea of civic education.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ต์œก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
What stands out from Brexit
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๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:44
is the gap between public perception and empirical reality.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
10:48
It's been suggested that we've moved to a postfactual society,
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
where evidence and truth no longer matter,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
10:54
and lies have equal status to the clarity of evidence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
So how can we --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ...
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:00
(Applause)
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11:02
How can we rebuild respect for truth and evidence into our liberal democracies?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์œ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:08
It has to begin with education,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
but it has to start with the recognition that there are huge gaps.
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๊ทธ์— ์•ž์„œ ํฐ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
In 2014, the pollster Ipsos MORI
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2014๋…„๋„์— ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ 'MORI'์—์„œ
11:18
published a survey on attitudes to immigration,
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:21
and it showed that as numbers of immigrants increase,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๋„ ์ปค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
so public concern with immigration also increases,
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11:29
although it obviously didn't unpack causality,
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์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:31
because this could equally be to do not so much with numbers
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:34
but the political and media narrative around it.
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์— ์น˜์šฐ์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
But the same survey also revealed
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Š”
์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ • ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:41
huge public misinformation
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11:43
and misunderstanding about the nature of immigration.
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
For example, in these attitudes in the United Kingdom,
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์˜๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด
11:50
the public believed that levels of asylum
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ง๋ช…์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
11:53
were a greater proportion of immigration than they were,
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์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:56
but they also believed the levels of educational migration
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
12:00
were far lower as a proportion of overall migration
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๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
than they actually are.
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12:05
So we have to address this misinformation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ƒ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
12:07
the gap between perception and reality on key aspects of globalization.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์—ด์‡ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
And that can't just be something that's left to our schools,
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๊ทธ ์ผ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:15
although that's important to begin at an early age.
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์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
12:17
It has to be about lifelong civic participation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:20
and public engagement that we all encourage as societies.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
12:26
The second thing that I think is an opportunity
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
is the idea to encourage more interaction across diverse communities.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:37
One of the things that stands out for me very strikingly,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
12:40
looking at immigration attitudes in the United Kingdom,
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ˆ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:43
is that ironically, the regions of my country
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์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ œ์ผ ๊ด€์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์—๋Š”
12:46
that are the most tolerant of immigrants
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12:48
have the highest numbers of immigrants.
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
So for instance, London and the Southeast have the highest numbers of immigrants,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:55
and they are also by far the most tolerant areas.
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ด€์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
It's those areas of the country that have the lowest levels of immigration
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:02
that actually are the most exclusionary and intolerant towards migrants.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ด๊ณ 
๊ด€์šฉ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
So we need to encourage exchange programs.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตํ™˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:09
We need to ensure that older generations who maybe can't travel
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ค‘ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋Š”
13:13
get access to the Internet.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ํ˜œํƒ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
13:15
We need to encourage, even on a local and national level,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๋ คํ•  ์ ์€
๋” ์กฐ์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
more movement, more participation,
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13:20
more interaction with people who we don't know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:22
and whose views we might not necessarily agree with.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
The third thing that I think is crucial, though,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
13:29
and this is really fundamental,
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13:31
is we have to ensure that everybody shares
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
13:33
in the benefits of globalization.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
This illustration from the Financial Times post-Brexit is really striking.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ํŒŒ์ด๋‚ธ์…œ ํƒ€์ž„์Šค์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ ๋ถ„์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์•„์ฃผ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:41
It shows tragically that those people who voted to leave the European Union
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์ฐธ๋‹ดํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ํƒˆํ‡ด๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
13:45
were those who actually benefited the most materially
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์˜๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž์œ  ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
13:47
from trade with the European Union.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
But the problem is that those people in those areas
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
13:53
didn't perceive themselves to be beneficiaries.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
They didn't believe that they were actually getting access
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
13:59
to material benefits of increased trade and increased mobility around the world.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ต์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:05
I work on questions predominantly to do with refugees,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
14:09
and one of the ideas I spent a lot of my time preaching,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„คํŒŒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด
14:12
mainly to developing countries around the world,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
is that in order to encourage the integration of refugees,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
we can't just benefit the refugee populations,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ต์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
we also have to address the concerns of the host communities in local areas.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
But in looking at that,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
14:28
one of the policy prescriptions is that we have to provide
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์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
14:31
disproportionately better education facilities, health facilities,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
access to social services
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
14:37
in those regions of high immigration
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:39
to address the concerns of those local populations.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๋„ ์‚ดํŽด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
But while we encourage that around the developing world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
14:45
we don't take those lessons home
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14:46
and incorporate them in our own societies.
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์ •์ž‘ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ ์•ˆ ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:50
Furthermore, if we're going to really take seriously
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก
14:53
the need to ensure people share in the economic benefits,
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๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:56
our businesses and corporations need a model of globalization
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
15:00
that recognizes that they, too, have to take people with them.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
The fourth and final idea I want to put forward
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:08
is an idea that we need more responsible politics.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
There's very little social science evidence
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€
15:15
that compares attitudes on globalization.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
15:18
But from the surveys that do exist,
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15:20
what we can see is there's huge variation across different countries
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๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
and time periods in those countries
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์™€ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
15:27
for attitudes and tolerance
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๊ทธ ํƒœ๋„๋‚˜ ๊ด€์šฉ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
15:29
of questions like migration and mobility on the one hand
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15:32
and free trade on the other.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์ธ ์ž์œ  ๋ฌด์—ญ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
15:34
But one hypothesis that I think emerges from a cursory look at that data
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์šด ์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ
ํ”ผ์ƒ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
is the idea that polarized societies are far less tolerant of globalization.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์€
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์— ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
It's the societies like Sweden in the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์Šค์›จ๋ด๊ณผ
15:49
like Canada today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ค‘๋„์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
15:50
where there is a centrist politics,
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15:52
where right and left work together,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„  ์šฐ์ต๊ณผ ์ขŒ์ต์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
that we encourage supportive attitudes towards globalization.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„  ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์žฅ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
And what we see around the world today is a tragic polarization,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘๊ทนํ™”์˜ ํํ•ด๋Š”
16:02
a failure to have dialogue between the extremes in politics,
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์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ํ’€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
and a gap in terms of that liberal center ground
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ค‘๋„์˜ ์žฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์„œ
16:08
that can encourage communication and a shared understanding.
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์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
We might not achieve that today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
16:13
but at the very least we have to call upon our politicians and our media
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
์–ธ๋ก ์—์„œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:17
to drop a language of fear and be far more tolerant of one another.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๋ฒ ํ’€ ์ˆœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:29
These ideas are very tentative,
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์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฐฉํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
16:32
and that's in part because this needs to be an inclusive and shared project.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
I am still British.
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16:40
I am still European.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
16:43
I am still a global citizen.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—” ๋ณ€ํ•จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
For those of us who believe
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
16:49
that our identities are not mutually exclusive,
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16:53
we have to all work together
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด ์ผ์— ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
to ensure that globalization takes everyone with us
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š”
17:00
and doesn't leave people behind.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
Only then will we truly reconcile democracy and globalization.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ
๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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