Marla Spivak: Why bees are disappearing

604,520 views ใƒป 2013-09-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sujin Byeon
00:12
This is our life with bees,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
and this is our life without bees.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฒŒ์ด ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์ด์ฃ .
00:20
Bees are the most important pollinators
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ณผ์ผ, ์•ผ์ฑ„, ๊ฝƒ,
00:23
of our fruits and vegetables and flowers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ถ•์˜ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
00:25
and crops like alfalfa hay that feed our farm animals.
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์•ŒํŒ”ํŒŒ ํ’€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณก๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
More than one third of the world's crop production
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณก๋ฌผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ 1/3 ์ด์ƒ์ด
00:32
is dependent on bee pollination.
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
But the ironic thing is that bees are not out there
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„
00:37
pollinating our food intentionally.
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
They're out there because they need to eat.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์—์š”.
00:43
Bees get all of the protein they need in their diet
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์Œ์‹์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„
00:46
from pollen
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์š”.
00:47
and all of the carbohydrates they need from nectar.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹น๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ์ผ์ฆ™์—์„œ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
They're flower-feeders,
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์š”.
00:52
and as they move from flower to flower,
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๊ฝƒ์—์„œ ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
00:54
basically on a shopping trip at the local floral mart,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๋„ค ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”๊ฑด๋ฐ,
00:57
they end up providing this valuable pollination service.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ’์–ด์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ž€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
In parts of the world where there are no bees,
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๋ฒŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”,
01:04
or where they plant varieties that are not attractive to bees,
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:07
people are paid to do the business of pollination by hand.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
These people are moving pollen from flower to flower
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ“์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฝƒ ์ €๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ
01:15
with a paintbrush.
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์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Now this business of hand pollination
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—… ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
01:19
is actually not that uncommon.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
01:21
Tomato growers often pollinate their tomato flowers
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ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘
01:25
with a hand-held vibrator.
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์†Œํ˜• ์ง„๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Now this one's the tomato tickler. (Laughter)
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:31
Now this is because the pollen within a tomato flower
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ๊ฝƒ์˜ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€
01:37
is held very securely within
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๊ฝƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฝƒ๋ฐฅ์—
01:38
the male part of the flower, the anther,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์ฃ .
01:41
and the only way to release this pollen is to vibrate it.
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง„๋™์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
So bumblebees are one of the few kinds of bees in the world
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ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ฝƒ์— ๋ถ™์–ด ํ”๋“ค์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
01:48
that are able to hold onto the flower and vibrate it,
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
and they do this by shaking their flight muscles
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์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์Œ์•…์˜ '๋‹ค'์Œ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜๋กœ
01:54
at a frequency similar to the musical note C.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์ง„๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๊ฝƒ์— ์ง„๋™์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:58
So they vibrate the flower, they sonicate it,
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๋ฒŒ์ด ๊ฝƒ์— ์ง„๋™์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
02:01
and that releases the pollen in this efficient swoosh,
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๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํœ™ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
and the pollen gathers all over the fuzzy bee's body,
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™์œผ๋ฉด
02:07
and she takes it home as food.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Tomato growers now put bumblebee colonies
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์ด์ œ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ์ง‘์„
02:12
inside the greenhouse to pollinate the tomatoes
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์˜จ์‹ค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋‘์–ด ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
because they get much more efficient pollination
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:17
when it's done naturally
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
02:18
and they get better quality tomatoes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋” ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
So there's other, maybe more personal reasons,
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๋ฒŒ์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ
02:26
to care about bees.
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
There's over 20,000 species of bees in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 2๋งŒ ์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:31
and they're absolutely gorgeous.
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์ด ๋…€์„๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ์š”.
02:34
These bees spend the majority of their life cycle
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์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋•…์†์ด๋‚˜
02:37
hidden in the ground or within a hollow stem
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์ฉ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ค„๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ์ˆจ์–ด ์ง€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
and very few of these beautiful species
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ข… ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด
02:42
have evolved highly social behavior like honeybees.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Now honeybees tend to be the charismatic representative
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 19,900์—ฌ์ข…์„
02:49
for the other 19,900-plus species
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๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:53
because there's something about honeybees
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š”
02:55
that draws people into their world.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Humans have been drawn to honeybees
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:00
since early recorded history,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์™”์–ด์š”.
03:02
mostly to harvest their honey,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฟ€์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:04
which is an amazing natural sweetener.
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๊ฟ€์€ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ์ง€์š”.
03:07
I got drawn into the honeybee world
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:09
completely by a fluke.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:11
I was 18 years old and bored,
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18์‚ด์ด๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋‚ ,
03:13
and I picked up a book in the library on bees
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:16
and I spent the night reading it.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐค์ƒˆ์›Œ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
I had never thought about insects
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š”
03:20
living in complex societies.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
It was like the best of science fiction come true.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ง€์š”.
03:25
And even stranger, there were these people,
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๋” ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
03:28
these beekeepers, that loved their bees like they were family,
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์–‘๋ด‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:32
and when I put down the book, I knew I had to see this for myself.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:36
So I went to work for a commercial beekeeper,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์–‘๋ด‰์—…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:38
a family that owned 2,000 hives of bees in New Mexico.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๋‰ด๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— 2,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:42
And I was permanently hooked.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Honeybees can be considered a super-organism,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ ๋“ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
where the colony is the organism
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ง‘์ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ด์ฃ .
03:51
and it's comprised of 40,000 to 50,000
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4๋งŒ์—์„œ 5๋งŒ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
03:54
individual bee organisms.
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์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์—์š”.
03:57
Now this society has no central authority.
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์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Nobody's in charge.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:02
So how they come to collective decisions,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
04:04
and how they allocate their tasks and divide their labor,
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์ผ์€ ์–ด๋•‹๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š”์ง€,
04:07
how they communicate where the flowers are,
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๊ฝƒ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€,
04:10
all of their collective social behaviors are mindblowing.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋†€๋ผ๋„˜์–ด์งˆ ์ •๋„์—์š”.
04:14
My personal favorite, and one that I've studied for many years,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
04:18
is their system of healthcare.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
So bees have social healthcare.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:23
So in my lab, we study how bees keep themselves healthy.
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
For example, we study hygiene,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:30
where some bees are able to locate and weed out
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์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ณ‘๋“  ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์„
04:32
sick individuals from the nest, from the colony,
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์–ด ์†Ž์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
and it keeps the colony healthy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ƒํƒœ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
And more recently, we've been studying resins
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๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๋Š”
04:42
that bees collect from plants.
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์†ก์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
So bees fly to some plants and they scrape
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€
04:47
these very, very sticky resins off the leaves,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฐ๋“๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†ก์ง„์„ ์žŽ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ด์–ด
04:49
and they take them back to the nest
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๋ฒŒ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
where they cement them into the nest architecture
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์†ก์ง„์„ ํ”„๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
04:54
where we call it propolis.
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๋ฒŒ์ง‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
We've found that propolis is a natural disinfectant.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ ์‚ด๊ท ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
It's a natural antibiotic.
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์—ญํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:03
It kills off bacteria and molds and other germs
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ํ”„๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ง‘ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ท ์„
05:06
within the colony,
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์—†์• ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
and so it bolsters the colony health and their social immunity.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Humans have known about the power of propolis
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ”„๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ตฌ์•ฝ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:15
since biblical times.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
We've been harvesting propolis out of bee colonies
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ
05:20
for human medicine,
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์ฑ„์ทจํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ
05:22
but we didn't know how good it was for the bees.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ฟ€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:26
So honeybees have these remarkable natural defenses
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:30
that have kept them healthy and thriving
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์„ ์ง€๋‚œ 5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
05:32
for over 50 million years.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So seven years ago, when honeybee colonies
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7๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
05:40
were reported to be dying en masse,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ง‘์ด ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ
05:42
first in the United States,
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์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:44
it was clear that there was something really, really wrong.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:48
In our collective conscience, in a really primal way,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์–‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ๋„, ์ •๋ง ํƒœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋„,
05:51
we know we can't afford to lose bees.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ด ์—†์ด ์ง€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
So what's going on?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:57
Bees are dying from multiple and interacting causes,
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
and I'll go through each of these.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์งš์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
The bottom line is,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
06:06
bees dying reflects a flowerless landscape
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์—ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:10
and a dysfunctional food system.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Now we have the best data on honeybees,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:15
so I'll use them as an example.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
In the United States, bees in fact have been
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€
06:21
in decline since World War II.
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
We have half the number of managed hives
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” 1945๋…„์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ
06:26
in the United States now compared to 1945.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ง‘์ด ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
We're down to about two million hives of bees, we think.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ง‘์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถ”์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And the reason is, after World War II,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
06:35
we changed our farming practices.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
We stopped planting cover crops.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ง€ํ”ผ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ง€ํ”ผ์ž‘๋ฌผ : ๊ฑฐ๋ฆ„ ์œ ์‹ค, ํ† ์–‘ ์นจ์‹์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ)
06:41
We stopped planting clover and alfalfa,
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ํด๋กœ๋ฒ„์™€ ์•ŒํŒ”ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:44
which are natural fertilizers that fix nitrogen in the soil,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ํ™ ์†์— ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ๋น„๋ฃŒ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:48
and instead we started using synthetic fertilizers.
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์ด๋“ค ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Clover and alfalfa are highly nutritious food plants for bees.
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ํด๋กœ๋ฒ„์™€ ์•ŒํŒ”ํŒŒ์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์˜์–‘์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋จน์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And after World War II, we started using herbicides
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:01
to kill off the weeds in our farms.
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๋†์ง€์˜ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:03
Many of these weeds are flowering plants
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์ด๋“ค ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
07:06
that bees require for their survival.
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฝƒ ํ”ผ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And we started growing larger and larger crop monocultures.
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋”๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ์ข… ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:14
Now we talk about food deserts,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
places in our cities, neighborhoods that have no grocery stores.
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๋จน์„๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋™๋„ค์ธ ๋„์‹œ ์†์˜ ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
07:21
The very farms that used to sustain bees
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๋ฒŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋†ํ† ๊ฐ€
07:25
are now agricultural food deserts,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
dominated by one or two plant species
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์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฝฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
07:31
like corn and soybeans.
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ํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Since World War II, we have been systematically
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:36
eliminating many of the flowering plants
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
07:39
that bees need for their survival.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœํ™” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
And these monocultures extend even to crops
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์ผ์ข… ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
07:45
that are good for bees, like almonds.
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๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Fifty years ago, beekeepers would take a few colonies,
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50๋…„ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ์–‘๋ด‰์—…์ž๋“ค์€
07:52
hives of bees into the almond orchards, for pollination,
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒŒ์ง‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ฐญ์— ๋‘๊ณคํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:55
and also because the pollen in an almond blossom
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๊ฝƒ์— ๋“  ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:59
is really high in protein. It's really good for bees.
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๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:03
Now, the scale of almond monoculture
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ ธ์„œ
08:07
demands that most of our nation's bees,
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ5์‹ญ๋งŒ์ด ๋„˜๋Š”
08:10
over 1.5 million hives of bees,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด
08:12
be transported across the nation
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์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ 
08:15
to pollinate this one crop.
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์†ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
And they're trucked in in semi-loads,
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๋ฒŒ์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์‹ค๋ ค๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
08:20
and they must be trucked out,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ์‹ค๋ ค ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
because after bloom, the almond orchards
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๊ฝƒ์ด ์ง€๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ฐญ์€
08:25
are a vast and flowerless landscape.
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ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฝƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
08:31
Bees have been dying over the last 50 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 50์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด ์—†์–ด์ ธ ์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
08:33
and we're planting more crops that need them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
There has been a 300 percent increase in crop production
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๋ฒŒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์€
08:41
that requires bee pollination.
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3๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
And then there's pesticides.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†์•ฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:48
After World War II, we started using pesticides
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋†์•ฝ์„ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ
08:51
on a large scale, and this became necessary
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:54
because of the monocultures that put out a feast
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๋‹จ์ผ์ข… ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ‘์ถฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
08:58
for crop pests.
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๋ง‰์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:00
Recently, researchers from Penn State University
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด
09:03
have started looking at the pesticide residue
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์— ๋“  ๋†์•ฝ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
09:06
in the loads of pollen that bees carry home as food,
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
and they've found that every batch of pollen
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ชจ์•„์˜ค๋Š”
09:13
that a honeybee collects
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
09:15
has at least six detectable pesticides in it,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋†์•ฝ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
and this includes every class of insecticides,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ, ์‚ด๊ท ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
09:23
herbicides, fungicides,
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๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ฃ .
09:26
and even inert and unlabeled ingredients
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ‘œ๋„ ์—†๋Š”
09:29
that are part of the pesticide formulation
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์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
09:32
that can be more toxic than the active ingredient.
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ํ™œ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
This small bee is holding up a large mirror.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
How much is it going to take to contaminate humans?
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:46
One of these class of insecticides,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
09:49
the neonicontinoids,
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๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ(neonicontinoids)๋Š”
09:51
is making headlines around the world right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
You've probably heard about it.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
09:54
This is a new class of insecticides.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
It moves through the plant so that a crop pest,
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์ด ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:00
a leaf-eating insect,
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์žŽ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด
10:01
would take a bite of the plant
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์žŽ์„ ํ•œ ์ž… ๋ฒ ์–ด๋จน์œผ๋ฉด
10:02
and get a lethal dose and die.
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์น˜์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
If one of these neonics, we call them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋‹‰(neonic)' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—
10:08
is applied in a high concentration,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ•์œผ๋กœ
10:11
such as in this ground application,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋•… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด,
10:13
enough of the compound moves through the plant
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด
10:16
and gets into the pollen and the nectar,
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์™€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฆ™์— ๋…น์•„ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
where a bee can consume, in this case,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ๋ฒŒ์ด
10:20
a high dose of this neurotoxin
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋…๊ทน๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด
10:23
that makes the bee twitch and die.
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๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
In most agricultural settings, on most of our farms,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋†์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋†์ง€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
10:30
it's only the seed that's coated with the insecticide,
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์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž…ํ˜€์ง„ ์”จ์•—๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
10:34
and so a smaller concentration moves through the plant
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์ฆ‰, ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋†์ถ•๋Ÿ‰ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์„œ
10:37
and gets into the pollen and nectar,
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์™€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฆ™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
10:39
and if a bee consumes this lower dose,
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๋ฒŒ์ด ์ด ์ •๋„์˜ ์ ์€ ์–‘์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด
10:42
either nothing happens
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์•„๋ฌด ์ผ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:43
or the bee becomes intoxicated and disoriented
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๋ฒŒ์€ ์•ฝ์— ์ทจํ•ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ 
10:47
and she may not find her way home.
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
And on top of everything else, bees have
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:53
their own set of diseases and parasites.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
Public enemy number one for bees is this thing.
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค ์ œ 1์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
It's called varroa destructor.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐ์ œ(varroa destructor)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:00
It's aptly named.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ์ง€์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์—์š”.
11:01
It's this big, blood-sucking parasite
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ณ  ํกํ˜ˆ์ข…์ธ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์€
11:04
that compromises the bee's immune system
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ž€ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:06
and circulates viruses.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
Let me put this all together for you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
11:12
I don't know what it feels like to a bee
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์œ„์—
11:14
to have a big, bloodsucking parasite running around on it,
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํกํ˜• ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
and I don't know what it feels like to a bee to have a virus,
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๋ฒŒ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
but I do know what it feels like when I have a virus, the flu,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ๋ชธ์‚ด์„ ์•“๊ฒŒ ๋์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:25
and I know how difficult it is for me to get
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์˜์–‘์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
11:29
to the grocery store to get good nutrition.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
But what if I lived in a food desert?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์‹ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
11:34
And what if I had to travel a long distance
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:37
to get to the grocery store,
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๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
11:39
and I finally got my weak body out there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ œ ์•ฝํ•œ ์œก์ฒด์—๋Š”
11:42
and I consumed, in my food,
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์Œ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์ธ
11:44
enough of a pesticide, a neurotoxin,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋…๊ทน๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
11:47
that I couldn't find my way home?
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
11:49
And this is what we mean by multiple
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:53
and interacting causes of death.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
And it's not just our honeybees.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
All of our beautiful wild species of bees
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์•ผ์ƒ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด
12:01
are at risk, including those tomato-pollinating bumblebees.
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์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฐ•๋ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:06
These bees are providing backup for our honeybees.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
They're providing the pollination insurance
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์—
12:11
alongside our honeybees.
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:13
We need all of our bees.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
So what are we going to do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
12:18
What are we going to do about this big bee bummer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:20
that we've created?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:22
It turns out, it's hopeful. It's hopeful.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํฌ๋ง์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Every one of you out there can help bees
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ํ•œ๋ถ„ ํ•œ๋ถ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ ๋„ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
12:30
in two very direct and easy ways.
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๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:34
Plant bee-friendly flowers,
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๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฝ…์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ์„ธ์š”.
12:37
and don't contaminate these flowers,
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์ด ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค์‹œ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
12:39
this bee food, with pesticides.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์Œ์‹์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ด์ถœ์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
12:42
So go online and search for flowers
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ
12:45
that are native to your area and plant them.
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์‚ฌ์‹œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ† ๋ฐ•์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์‹ฌ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
12:49
Plant them in a pot on your doorstep.
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๋ฌธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™”๋ถ„์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ฌ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
12:51
Plant them in your front yard, in your lawns,
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๋งˆ๋‹น๊ณผ ์ž”๋””์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์‹ฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:53
in your boulevards.
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ํฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—๋„ ์‹ฌ์œผ์‹œ๊ณ ์š”.
12:55
Campaign to have them planted in public gardens,
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๊ณต์›์˜ ์ •์›์—๋„ ๋™๋„ค ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒํŒ์—๋„
12:59
community spaces, meadows.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ฌ๋Š” ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด์„ธ์š”.
13:01
Set aside farmland.
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๋†์ง€๋Š” ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
13:03
We need a beautiful diversity of flowers
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฝƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
that blooms over the entire growing season,
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์ด ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ด„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ ๋™์•ˆ
13:08
from spring to fall.
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ํ”ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:10
We need roadsides seeded in flowers for our bees,
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๊ธธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฝƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ฒŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฝƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:13
but also for migrating butterflies and birds
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์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋น„๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:17
and other wildlife.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
And we need to think carefully about putting back in
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๋•…๊ณผ ๋ฒŒ์— ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
13:22
cover crops to nourish our soil
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์ง€ํ”ผ ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
13:25
and nourish our bees.
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์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And we need to diversify our farms.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐญ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
We need to plant flowering crop borders and hedge rows
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์Œ์‹ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:36
to disrupt the agricultural food desert
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์ฃผ์—ฐ ์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
and begin to correct the dysfunctional food system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์žฌ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋จน์ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ
13:43
that we've created.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
So maybe it seems like a really small countermeasure
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ฝƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:48
to a big, huge problem -- just go plant flowers --
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
13:51
but when bees have access to good nutrition,
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋†’์€ ์˜์–‘์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
13:54
we have access to good nutrition
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:56
through their pollination services.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋†’์€ ์˜์–‘์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
And when bees have access to good nutrition,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด ๋†’์€ ์˜์–‘์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
14:01
they're better able to engage their own natural defenses,
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๋ฒŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
their healthcare,
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๋ฒŒ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
14:06
that they have relied on for millions of years.
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜์กดํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
So the beauty of helping bees this way, for me,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
14:15
is that every one of us needs to behave
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:20
a little bit more like a bee society, an insect society,
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ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
where each of our individual actions
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€
14:28
can contribute to a grand solution,
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
an emergent property,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
that's much greater than the mere sum
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
14:34
of our individual actions.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
So let the small act of planting flowers
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฝƒ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ณ 
14:42
and keeping them free of pesticides
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์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์€ ํ–‰๋™์ด
14:46
be the driver of large-scale change.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ดˆ์„์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:50
On behalf of the bees, thank you.
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๋ฒŒ์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:57
Chris Anderson: Thank you. Just a quick question.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งง๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
15:01
The latest numbers on the die-off of bees,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ
15:04
is there any sign of things bottoming out?
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ €์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:06
What's your hope/depression level on this?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์  ํ˜น์€ ๋น„๊ด€์  ์˜ˆ์ธก์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ด์ฃ ?
15:09
Maria Spivak: Yeah.
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๋ง๋ผ ์Šคํ”ผ๋ฐ•: ๋„ค.
15:10
At least in the United States,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:12
an average of 30 percent of all bee hives
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์˜ 30%๊ฐ€
15:14
are lost every winter.
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๋งค๋…„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
About 20 years ago,
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20๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š”
15:18
we were at a 15-percent loss.
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15% ์ •๋„์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:20
So it's getting precarious.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ ์  ๋” ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:22
CA: That's not 30 percent a year, that's -- MS: Yes, thirty percent a year.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: 30%๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฑด.. ๋ง๋ผ ์Šคํ”ผ๋ฐ•: ๋„ค, 1๋…„์— 30%์š”.
15:25
CA: Thirty percent a year. MS: But then beekeepers are able to divide their colonies
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ผ๋…„์— 30%์š”. ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋ผ ์Šคํ”ผ๋ฐ•: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘๋ด‰์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์„
15:29
and so they can maintain the same number,
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๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
15:31
they can recuperate some of their loss.
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์žƒ์€ ๋งŒํผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
We're kind of at a tipping point.
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์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž„๊ณ„ ์‹œ์  ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
We can't really afford to lose that many more.
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์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
We need to be really appreciative
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–‘๋ด‰์—…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
15:40
of all the beekeepers out there. Plant flowers.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•ด์š”. ๊ฝƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
15:43
CA: Thank you.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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