Peter Doolittle: How your "working memory" makes sense of the world

717,103 views ใƒป 2013-11-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: lin piao ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sieun Lee
00:12
So yesterday, I was out in the street
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์–ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ž
00:14
in front of this building,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:17
and I was walking down the sidewalk,
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์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
00:20
and I had company, several of us,
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:22
and we were all abiding by the rules
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์ €ํฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ ์ž–๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
00:23
of walking down sidewalks.
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์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
We're not talking each other. We're facing forward.
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋„ ๊ฑธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•ž๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
00:28
We're moving.
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๊ณ„์† ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:29
When the person in front of me slows down.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ์ œ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ๋Šฆ์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
And so I'm watching him, and he slows down,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:35
and finally he stops.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ ์„ฐ์–ด์š”.
00:36
Well, that wasn't fast enough for me,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ
00:38
so I put on my turn signal, and I walked around him,
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์—๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
00:42
and as I walked, I looked to see what he was doing,
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๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜๋”๋‹ˆ
00:45
and he was doing this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:47
He was texting,
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๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:49
and he couldn't text and walk at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Now we could approach this
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„
00:53
from a working memory perspective
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ, ํ˜น์€
00:55
or from a multitasking perspective.
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๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํƒœ์Šคํ‚น ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
We're going to do working memory today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Now, working memory
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:02
is that part of our consciousness that we are
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์–ด๋–ค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:05
aware of at any given time of day.
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์ž๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
You're going it right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
It's not something we can turn off.
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์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊บผ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
If you turn it off, that's called a coma, okay?
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์ˆ˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
So right now, you're doing just fine.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Now working memory has four basic components.
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์—๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
It allows us to store some immediate experiences
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ
01:22
and a little bit of knowledge.
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์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:24
It allows us to reach back into our long-term memory
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๋˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:27
and pull some of that in as we need it,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ
01:29
mixes it, processes it
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์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
in light of whatever our current goal is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:33
Now the current goal isn't something like,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:35
I want to be president or the best surfer in the world.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„œํ•‘ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
01:37
It's more mundane. I'd like that cookie,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ € ๊ณผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€
01:40
or I need to figure out how to get into my hotel room.
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ํ˜ธํ…”๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Now working memory capacity
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
01:45
is our ability to leverage that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
our ability to take what we know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹,
01:50
and what we can hang onto
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๋˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
01:51
and leverage it in ways that allow us to satisfy
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:55
our current goal.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Now working memory capacity
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
01:59
has a fairly long history,
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:01
and it's associated with a lot of positive effects.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ์™€๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
People with high working memory capacity
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
02:05
tend to be good storytellers.
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์ข‹์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ผ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ,
02:07
They tend to solve and do well on standardized tests,
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ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜ ํ’€๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
however important that is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:14
They're able to have high levels of writing ability.
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๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋†’์€ ์†Œ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
They're also able to reason at high levels.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:20
So what we're going to do here is play a little bit with some of that.
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์ž ๊น ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:23
So I'm going to ask you to perform a couple tasks,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ค์„œ
02:26
and we're going to take your working memory out for a ride.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž ์‹œ ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
You up for that? Okay.
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์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:32
I'm going to give you five words,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
and I just want you to hang on to them.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Don't write them down. Just hang on to them.
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๋ฐ›์•„ ์ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:37
Five words.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
While you're hanging on to them, I'm going to ask you to answer three questions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ 3๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
I want to see what happens with those words.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
So here's the words:
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์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
tree,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด,
02:49
highway,
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๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ,
02:52
mirror,
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๊ฑฐ์šธ,
02:54
Saturn
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ํ† ์„ฑ,
02:57
and electrode.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ทน.
02:59
So far so good?
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์•„์ง ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ ?
03:01
Okay. What I want you to do
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
03:02
is I want you to tell me what the answer is
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:06
to 23 times eight.
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23 ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ธฐ 8.
03:08
Just shout it out.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:12
(Mumbling) (Laughter)
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(์ค‘์–ผ์ค‘์–ผ) (์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
03:16
In fact it's -- (Mumbling) -- exactly. (Laughter)
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๋‹ต์•ˆ์€--(์ค‘์–ผ์ค‘์–ผ)-- ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:18
All right. I want you to take out your left hand
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์™ผ์†์„ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:22
and I want you to go, "One, two, three, four, five,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ธ์–ด์š”, " ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜, ์…‹, ๋„ท, ๋‹ค์„ฏ,
03:24
six, seven, eight, nine, 10."
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์—ฌ์„ฏ, ์ผ๊ณฑ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿ, ์•„ํ™‰, ์—ด."
03:26
It's a neurological test, just in case you were wondering.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜์‹ค๊นŒ๋ด ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ ค์š”.
03:29
All right, now what I want you to do
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ผ์€
03:31
is to recite the last five letters
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์˜์–ด ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์˜ ์ž๋ชจ์Œ ์ค‘
03:33
of the English alphabet backwards.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
You should have started with Z.
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์•„๋งˆ Z ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฑธ์š”.
03:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:43
All right. How many people here are still pretty sure
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๋ช… ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ์•„์ฃผ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:45
you've got all five words?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:48
Okay. Typically we end up with about less than half,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
03:51
right, which is normal. There will be a range.
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๋งž์•„์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
03:53
Some people can hang on to five.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 5๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ 
03:55
Some people can hang on to 10.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 10๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ 
03:56
Some will be down to two or three.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 2๊ฐœ๋‚˜ 3๊ฐœ์ •๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
What we know is this is really important to the way we function, right?
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And it's going to be really important here at TED
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED์—์„œ ์ง„์งœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
because you're going to be exposed to so many different ideas.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:07
Now the problem that we have
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
04:09
is that life comes at us,
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์‚ถ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฐ๋ ค์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
and it comes at us very quickly,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฐ๋ ค์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
04:13
and what we need to do is to take that amorphous
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„
04:17
flow of experience and somehow
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“ 
04:18
extract meaning from it
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
04:20
with a working memory
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์–ป์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
that's about the size of a pea.
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์™„๋‘์ฝฉ๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
04:23
Now don't get me wrong, working memory is awesome.
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์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Working memory allows us
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
04:28
to investigate our current experience
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š”
04:30
as we move forward.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It allows us to make sense of the world around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
But it does have certain limits.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Now working memory is great for allowing us to communicate.
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
We can have a conversation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ 
04:42
and I can build a narrative around that
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๋Œ€ํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
so I know where we've been and where we're going
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ญ˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ญ˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
04:47
and how to contribute to this conversation.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
It allows us to problem-solve, critical think.
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๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
We can be in the middle of a meeting,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์—
04:53
listen to somebody's presentation, evaluate it,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:55
decide whether or not we like it,
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
04:57
ask follow-up questions.
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
All of that occurs within working memory.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
It also allows us to go to the store
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:04
and allows us to get milk and eggs and cheese
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์šฐ์œ ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
when what we're really looking for
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:09
is Red Bull and bacon. (Laughter)
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๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ถˆ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฒ ์ด์ปจ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:12
Gotta make sure we're getting what we're looking for.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•ผ์ฃ .
05:15
Now, a central issue with working memory
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
05:18
is that it's limited.
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์ œํ•œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
It's limited in capacity, limited in duration,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:21
limited in focus.
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์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์—๋„ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
We tend to remember about four things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Okay? It used to be seven,
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:28
but with functional MRIs, apparently it's four,
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ MRI๋กœ ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
and we were overachieving.
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์ด์ „ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Now we can remember those four things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋“ค์„
05:34
for about 10 to 20 seconds
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10~20์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ฃ .
05:36
unless we do something with it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:38
unless we process it, unless we apply it to something,
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:40
unless we talk to somebody about it.
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๋‚จ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
When we think about working memory,
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
05:47
we have to realize that this limited capacity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ œํ•œ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
05:51
has lots of different impacts on us.
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๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
Have you ever walked from one room to another
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
05:56
and then forgotten why you're there?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์ง€? ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
05:59
You do know the solution to that, right?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
06:01
You go back to that original room. (Laughter)
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:04
Have you ever forgotten your keys?
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์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
06:08
You ever forgotten your car?
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:10
You ever forgotten your kids?
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ ์€์š”?
06:13
Have you ever been involved in a conversation,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:15
and you realize that the conversation to your left
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
06:17
is actually more interesting? (Laughter)
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€ ์ ์€์š”? (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:20
So you're nodding and you're smiling,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“์ง€๋งŒ
06:22
but you're really paying attention to this one over here,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์˜† ์ชฝ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:24
until you hear that last word go up,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋†’์€ ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
06:26
and you realize,
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๊ทธ์ œ์„œ์•ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
06:28
you've been asked a question. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:31
And you're really hoping the answer is no,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‹ต์ด "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”" ์ด๊ธธ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
because that's what you're about to say.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ž‘์ •์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:36
All of that talks about working memory,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
06:39
what we can do and what we can't do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
We need to realize that working memory
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€
06:42
has a limited capacity,
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๊ทธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
and that working memory capacity itself is how we negotiate that.
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์ถฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
We negotiate that through strategies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ ˆ์ถฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
So what I want to do is talk a little bit about a couple of strategies here,
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ˆ์ถฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
and these will be really important
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
because you are now in an information target-rich environment
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉฐ์น ๋™์•ˆ
06:57
for the next several days.
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TED์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:59
Now the first part of this that we need to think about
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์šฐ์„  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:02
and we need to process our existence, our life,
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:05
immediately and repeatedly.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
We need to process what's going on
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
the moment it happens, not 10 minutes later,
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10๋ถ„ ๋’ค์—๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
07:12
not a week later, at the moment.
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ํ•œ ์ฃผ ํ›„๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
07:14
So we need to think about, well, do I agree with him?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
07:18
What's missing? What would I like to know?
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€
07:20
Do I agree with the assumptions?
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๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
07:23
How can I apply this in my life?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋‚ด ์‚ถ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
It's a way of processing what's going on
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด
07:26
so that we can use it later.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Now we also need to repeat it. We need to practice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
So we need to think about it here.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
07:34
In between, we want to talk to people about it.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ† ๋ก ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:36
We're going to write it down, and when you get home,
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๋˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ ์–ด์„œ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
07:39
pull out those notes and think about them
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋†“๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
and end up practicing over time.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:43
Practice for some reason became a very negative thing.
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์™ ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
It's very positive.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
The next thing is, we need to think elaboratively
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
07:50
and we need to think illustratively.
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๋˜ ์‹ค๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Oftentimes, we think that we have to relate new knowledge to prior knowledge.
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์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์ „ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:56
What we want to do is spin that around.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
We want to take all of our existence
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์ „๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:59
and wrap it around that new knowledge
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๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
08:01
and make all of these connections and it becomes more meaningful.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹์„ ๋”์šฑ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:05
We also want to use imagery. We are built for images.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ํŠนํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
We need to take advantage of that.
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๊ทธ ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Think about things in images,
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:12
write things down that way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
If you read a book, pull things up.
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์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด์„ธ์š”.
08:16
I just got through reading "The Great Gatsby,"
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์ €๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ "์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋น„"๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
and I have a perfect idea of what he looks like
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
in my head, so my own version.
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ, ์ €๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
08:24
The last one is organization and support.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ง€์› ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
We are meaning-making machines. It's what we do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
We try to make meaning out of everything that happens to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:32
Organization helps, so we need to structure
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„
08:34
what we're doing in ways that make sense.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
If we are providing knowledge and experience,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
08:38
we need to structure that.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
And the last one is support.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
We all started as novices.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
Everything we do is an approximation of sophistication.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ๋” ์ •๊ตํ•ด์ง€๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
We should expect it to change over time. We have to support that.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:50
The support may come in asking people questions,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:52
giving them a sheet of paper that has an organizational chart on it
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๋„ํ‘œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„
08:56
or has some guiding images,
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์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
but we need to support it.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์ง€์›ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Now, the final piece of this, the take-home message
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง,
09:06
from a working memory capacity standpoint is this:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
09:09
what we process, we learn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
If we're not processing life, we're not living it.
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์‚ถ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Live life. Thank you.
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์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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