A Darwinian theory of beauty | Denis Dutton

658,734 views ใƒป 2010-11-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hee Lim Han ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
Delighted to be here
0
15260
3000
์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
00:18
and to talk to you about a subject dear to my heart,
1
18260
2000
๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
which is beauty.
2
20260
3000
๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ '์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I do the philosophy of art, aesthetics,
3
23260
3000
์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:26
actually, for a living.
4
26260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ ์ง์—…์ด์ฃ .
00:28
I try to figure out intellectually,
5
28260
2000
์ €๋Š” ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ,
00:30
philosophically, psychologically,
6
30260
2000
์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:32
what the experience of beauty is,
7
32260
3000
๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
00:35
what sensibly can be said about it
8
35260
3000
๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ธ ๋ง์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
00:38
and how people go off the rails in trying to understand it.
9
38260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Now this is an extremely complicated subject,
10
41260
3000
์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
in part because the things that we call beautiful
11
44260
3000
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
00:47
are so different.
12
47260
2000
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:49
I mean just think of the sheer variety --
13
49260
2000
์ œ ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ์ € ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:51
a baby's face,
14
51260
2000
์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด,
00:53
Berlioz's "Harold in Italy,"
15
53260
2000
๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์ฆˆ์˜ "Harold in Italy",
00:55
movies like "The Wizard of Oz"
16
55260
2000
'์˜ค์ฆˆ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ'๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ™”,
00:57
or the plays of Chekhov,
17
57260
2000
๋˜๋Š” ์ฒดํ™‰์˜ ๊ทน์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค,
00:59
a central California landscape,
18
59260
2000
์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํ•œ๋ณตํŒ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ,
01:01
a Hokusai view of Mt. Fuji,
19
61260
3000
ํ˜ธ์ฟ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ›„์ง€์‚ฐ ํ’๊ฒฝ,
01:04
"Der Rosenkavalier,"
20
64260
2000
์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ "์žฅ๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ",
01:06
a stunning match-winning goal
21
66260
2000
์›”๋“œ์ปต ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
01:08
in a World Cup soccer match,
22
68260
2000
๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณจ,
01:10
Van Gogh's "Starry Night,"
23
70260
2000
๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ํ์˜ '๋ณ„์ด ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐค์—',
01:12
a Jane Austen novel,
24
72260
2000
์ œ์ธ ์˜ค์Šคํ‹ด ์†Œ์„ค,
01:14
Fred Astaire dancing across the screen.
25
74260
3000
์˜ํ™” ์† ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ์•„์Šคํ…Œ์–ด์˜ ์ถค.
01:17
This brief list includes human beings,
26
77260
3000
์ด ์งง์€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค,
01:20
natural landforms,
27
80260
2000
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•,
01:22
works of art and skilled human actions.
28
82260
3000
์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
An account that explains the presence of beauty
29
85260
3000
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์•ˆ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
01:28
in everything on this list
30
88260
2000
๋ฏธ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:30
is not going to be easy.
31
90260
2000
์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
I can, however, give you at least a taste
32
92260
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์–ด๋„
01:35
of what I regard
33
95260
2000
ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์˜ ์ด๋ก  ์ค‘์—์„œ
01:37
as the most powerful theory of beauty
34
97260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์„
01:39
we yet have.
35
99260
2000
์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
And we get it not from a philosopher of art,
36
101260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๊ฑธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋‚˜,
01:43
not from a postmodern art theorist
37
103260
2000
ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€๋‚˜,
01:45
or a bigwig art critic.
38
105260
2000
์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์–ป์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
No, this theory
39
107260
2000
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค, ์ด ์ด๋ก ์€
01:49
comes from an expert
40
109260
2000
๋”ฐ๊ฐœ๋น„์™€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค,
01:51
on barnacles and worms and pigeon breeding,
41
111260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์œก์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
and you know who I mean:
42
117260
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตด ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:00
Charles Darwin.
43
120260
2000
์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Of course, a lot of people think they already know
44
122260
3000
๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋‹ต์„
02:05
the proper answer to the question,
45
125260
3000
๋ฒŒ์จ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
02:08
"What is beauty?"
46
128260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
02:11
It's in the eye of the beholder.
47
131260
2000
๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€,
02:13
It's whatever moves you personally.
48
133260
2000
๋ญ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€,
02:15
Or, as some people,
49
135260
2000
๋˜๋Š”, ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด --
02:17
especially academics prefer,
50
137260
2000
ํŠนํžˆ ํ•™๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด -- ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋“ฏ,
02:19
beauty is in the culturally conditioned
51
139260
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ
02:22
eye of the beholder.
52
142260
2000
๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
02:24
People agree that paintings or movies or music
53
144260
3000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ํ™”๋‚˜ ์Œ์•…์ด
02:27
are beautiful
54
147260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:29
because their cultures determine a uniformity of aesthetic taste.
55
149260
4000
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:33
Taste for both natural beauty and for the arts
56
153260
3000
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€
02:36
travel across cultures
57
156260
2000
๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ
02:38
with great ease.
58
158260
2000
์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Beethoven is adored in Japan.
59
160260
2000
๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Peruvians love Japanese woodblock prints.
60
162260
3000
ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ชฉํŒ ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
02:45
Inca sculptures are regarded as treasures
61
165260
2000
์ž‰์นด ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๋“ค์—์„œ
02:47
in British museums,
62
167260
2000
๋ณด๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ ‘๋ฐ›๊ณ ,
02:49
while Shakespeare is translated
63
169260
2000
์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€
02:51
into every major language of the Earth.
64
171260
3000
์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:54
Or just think about American jazz
65
174260
2000
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์žฌ์ฆˆ๋‚˜
02:56
or American movies --
66
176260
2000
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” --
02:58
they go everywhere.
67
178260
2000
์–ด๋””๋“  ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
03:00
There are many differences among the arts,
68
180260
3000
์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋“ค์—” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:03
but there are also universal,
69
183260
2000
๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๊ณ 
03:05
cross-cultural aesthetic pleasures
70
185260
2000
๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์  ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ
03:07
and values.
71
187260
2000
๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:09
How can we explain
72
189260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„
03:12
this universality?
73
192260
3000
์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:15
The best answer lies in trying to reconstruct
74
195260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
03:17
a Darwinian evolutionary history
75
197260
3000
ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
03:20
of our artistic and aesthetic tastes.
76
200260
3000
๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
We need to reverse-engineer
77
203260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ทจํ–ฅ๊ณผ
03:25
our present artistic tastes and preferences
78
205260
3000
์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ญ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:28
and explain how they came
79
208260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ์—
03:30
to be engraved in our minds
80
210260
3000
๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
by the actions of both our prehistoric,
81
213260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ
03:36
largely pleistocene environments,
82
216260
2000
์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€
03:38
where we became fully human,
83
218260
2000
์‹ ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:40
but also by the social situations
84
220260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์˜จ
03:42
in which we evolved.
85
222260
2000
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
This reverse engineering
86
224260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
03:46
can also enlist help
87
226260
3000
์„ ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ณด์กด๋œ
03:49
from the human record
88
229260
2000
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์—์„œ
03:51
preserved in prehistory.
89
231260
2000
๋„์›€์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
I mean fossils, cave paintings and so forth.
90
233260
3000
์ œ ๋ง์€ ํ™”์„, ๋ฒฝํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
And it should take into account
91
236260
2000
๋˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์™€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๋˜
03:58
what we know of the aesthetic interests
92
238260
2000
๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ ต-์ฑ„์ง‘๊พผ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ง์˜
04:00
of isolated hunter-gatherer bands
93
240260
3000
๋ฏธํ•™์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:03
that survived into the 19th and the 20th centuries.
94
243260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Now, I personally
95
247260
2000
์ „ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:09
have no doubt whatsoever
96
249260
2000
๋ฏธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•จ๊ณผ
04:11
that the experience of beauty,
97
251260
2000
๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด
04:13
with its emotional intensity and pleasure,
98
253260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ 
04:16
belongs to our evolved human psychology.
99
256260
3000
์ „ํ˜€ ์˜์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
The experience of beauty is one component
100
260260
3000
๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์œˆ์„ค์˜
04:23
in a whole series of Darwinian adaptations.
101
263260
3000
ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Beauty is an adaptive effect,
102
267260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฝ์˜
04:29
which we extend
103
269260
2000
ํƒ„์ƒ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„
04:31
and intensify
104
271260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:33
in the creation and enjoyment
105
273260
2000
๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ 
04:35
of works of art and entertainment.
106
275260
3000
์ ์‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
As many of you will know,
107
279260
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด,
04:41
evolution operates by two main primary mechanisms.
108
281260
3000
์ง„ํ™”์—์„  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋งค์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
The first of these is natural selection --
109
284260
3000
๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์  ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
04:47
that's random mutation and selective retention --
110
287260
3000
๋žœ๋คํ•œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ •์ฒด๋“ค์ด์ฃ --
04:50
along with our basic anatomy and physiology --
111
290260
3000
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด์™€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์ž‘์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
04:53
the evolution of the pancreas or the eye or the fingernails.
112
293260
3000
์ทŒ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์†ํ†ฑ์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ์ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:56
Natural selection also explains
113
296260
3000
์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
04:59
many basic revulsions,
114
299260
2000
์ฉ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋‚˜,
05:01
such as the horrid smell of rotting meat,
115
301260
2000
๋‘๋ ค์›€, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฑ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜
05:03
or fears, such as the fear of snakes
116
303260
3000
๋ฒผ๋ž‘ ๋์— ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๊ฐ™์€
05:06
or standing close to the edge of a cliff.
117
306260
3000
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค๊ฐ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Natural selection also explains pleasures --
118
309260
3000
์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
05:12
sexual pleasure,
119
312260
2000
์„ฑ์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€,
05:14
our liking for sweet, fat and proteins,
120
314260
3000
๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ,
05:17
which in turn explains a lot of popular foods,
121
317260
3000
์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ž˜ ์ต์€ ๊ณผ์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์šฐ์œ ,
05:20
from ripe fruits through chocolate malts
122
320260
3000
๋ฐ”๋ฒ ํ ๋ฆฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜
05:23
and barbecued ribs.
123
323260
3000
์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ง€์š”
05:26
The other great principle of evolution
124
326260
2000
์ง„ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์€
05:28
is sexual selection,
125
328260
2000
์„ฑ์  ์„ ํƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
05:30
and it operates very differently.
126
330260
2000
์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
The peacock's magnificent tail
127
332260
3000
๊ณต์ž‘์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊นƒํ„ธ์€
05:35
is the most famous example of this.
128
335260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
It did not evolve for natural survival.
129
338260
3000
์ด๊ฑด ์ž์—ฐ์  ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
In fact, it goes against natural survival.
130
341260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•„์˜ˆ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ง€์š”.
05:44
No, the peacock's tail
131
344260
2000
๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ณต์ž‘์˜ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:46
results from the mating choices
132
346260
2000
์•”๊ณต์ž‘๋“ค์ด ์ง์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์—์„œ
05:48
made by peahens.
133
348260
2000
๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
It's quite a familiar story.
134
350260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
05:52
It's women who actually push history forward.
135
352260
3000
์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Darwin himself, by the way,
136
356260
2000
๊ทธ๋‚˜์ €๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์œˆ ์ž์‹ ์€
05:58
had no doubts that the peacock's tail
137
358260
2000
๊ณต์ž‘์˜ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”๊ณต์ž‘๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์—”
06:00
was beautiful in the eyes of the peahen.
138
360260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด ์˜์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
He actually used that word.
139
362260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ์ผ์ง€์š”.
06:05
Now, keeping these ideas firmly in mind,
140
365260
3000
์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ
06:08
we can say that the experience of beauty
141
368260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ
06:11
is one of the ways that evolution has
142
371260
3000
์ƒ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด
06:14
of arousing and sustaining
143
374260
2000
์„ ํƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:16
interest or fascination,
144
376260
2000
์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
06:18
even obsession,
145
378260
2000
์ž๊ทน์ ์ด๊ณ 
06:20
in order to encourage us
146
380260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆด ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
06:22
toward making the most adaptive decisions
147
382260
3000
๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋งค๋ ฅ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ง‘์ฐฉ์ธ
06:25
for survival and reproduction.
148
385260
3000
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Beauty is nature's way
149
389260
2000
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€
06:31
of acting at a distance,
150
391260
3000
๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋„ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
06:34
so to speak.
151
394260
2000
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
06:36
I mean, you can't expect to eat
152
396260
2000
์ œ ๋ง์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ˆœ์‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋กœ์šด
06:38
an adaptively beneficial landscape.
153
398260
2000
๋Œ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ์ˆœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
It would hardly do to eat your baby
154
400260
2000
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ
06:42
or your lover.
155
402260
2000
๋จน์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:44
So evolution's trick
156
404260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋Š”
06:46
is to make them beautiful,
157
406260
2000
์ด๋“ค์„ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:48
to have them exert a kind of magnetism
158
408260
3000
์ž์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํž˜์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
06:51
to give you the pleasure of simply looking at them.
159
411260
3000
๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Consider briefly an important source of aesthetic pleasure,
160
415260
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ’๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ž์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๊ณผ
06:58
the magnetic pull
161
418260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ๊ทผ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:00
of beautiful landscapes.
162
420260
2000
์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:02
People in very different cultures
163
422260
2000
๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
07:04
all over the world
164
424260
2000
ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
07:06
tend to like a particular kind of landscape,
165
426260
3000
ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„
07:09
a landscape that just happens to be similar
166
429260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์˜จ ์‹ ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋‚˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
07:12
to the pleistocene savannas where we evolved.
167
432260
3000
๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
This landscape shows up today
168
435260
2000
์ด ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ฝ์„œ์™€
07:17
on calendars, on postcards,
169
437260
3000
๊ณจํ”„ ์ฝ”์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต์›,
07:20
in the design of golf courses and public parks
170
440260
3000
๋‰ด์š•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜
07:23
and in gold-framed pictures
171
443260
2000
๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ
07:25
that hang in living rooms
172
445260
2000
๊ธˆ์ƒ‰ ์•ก์ž ์†์—์„œ
07:27
from New York to New Zealand.
173
447260
3000
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
It's a kind of Hudson River school landscape
174
450260
3000
์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:33
featuring open spaces
175
453260
2000
์งง์€ ์ž”๋””๊ฐ€ ๊น”๋ฆฐ
07:35
of low grasses
176
455260
2000
์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—
07:37
interspersed with copses of trees.
177
457260
3000
์žก๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
The trees, by the way, are often preferred
178
460260
2000
์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋•… ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด,
07:42
if they fork near the ground,
179
462260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํž˜์ด ์„ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
07:44
that is to say, if they're trees you could scramble up
180
464260
3000
์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ผ ๋•Œ
07:47
if you were in a tight fix.
181
467260
3000
๋” ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
The landscape shows the presence
182
470260
2000
์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ •๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋˜๊ฐ€,
07:52
of water directly in view,
183
472260
2000
๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€
07:54
or evidence of water in a bluish distance,
184
474260
3000
๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅด์Šค๋ฆ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
indications of animal or bird life
185
478260
3000
๋˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ์˜ ํ”์ ,
08:01
as well as diverse greenery
186
481260
2000
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ
08:03
and finally -- get this --
187
483260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ--์ž˜ ๋“ค์œผ์„ธ์š”--
08:06
a path
188
486260
2000
๊ธธ์ด๋‚˜
08:08
or a road,
189
488260
2000
๋„๋กœ,
08:10
perhaps a riverbank or a shoreline,
190
490260
3000
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ฐ•๋‘‘์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
08:13
that extends into the distance,
191
493260
3000
๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
08:16
almost inviting you to follow it.
192
496260
3000
๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
This landscape type is regarded as beautiful,
193
500260
3000
์ด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†๋Š”
08:23
even by people in countries
194
503260
2000
๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ
08:25
that don't have it.
195
505260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
The ideal savanna landscape
196
507260
2000
์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋‚˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์€
08:29
is one of the clearest examples
197
509260
2000
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€
08:31
where human beings everywhere
198
511260
2000
๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ
08:33
find beauty
199
513260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”
08:35
in similar visual experience.
200
515260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
But, someone might argue,
201
517260
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š” :
08:39
that's natural beauty.
202
519260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž์—ฐ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
How about artistic beauty?
203
521260
3000
์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€์š”?
08:44
Isn't that exhaustively cultural?
204
524260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:47
No, I don't think it is.
205
527260
2000
์•„๋‡จ, ์ „ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
And once again, I'd like to look back to prehistory
206
529260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ „ ์„ ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
08:52
to say something about it.
207
532260
2000
์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
It is widely assumed
208
534260
2000
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:56
that the earliest human artworks
209
536260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€
08:58
are the stupendously skillful cave paintings
210
538260
3000
๋ผ์Šค์ฝ” ๋™๊ตด์ด๋‚˜ ์‡ผ๋ฒ  ๋™๊ตด์˜
09:01
that we all know from Lascaux
211
541260
2000
์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ณ  ์†œ์”จ ์ข‹์€ ๋™๊ตด ๋ฒฝํ™”๊ฐ€
09:03
and Chauvet.
212
543260
2000
๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Chauvet caves
213
546260
2000
์‡ผ๋ฒ  ๋™๊ตด์€
09:08
are about 32,000 years old,
214
548260
2000
์•ฝ 32000๋…„ ์ „์—
09:10
along with a few small, realistic sculptures
215
550260
3000
์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์™€
09:13
of women and animals from the same period.
216
553260
3000
ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
But artistic and decorative skills
217
560260
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์žฅ์‹ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€
09:22
are actually much older than that.
218
562260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Beautiful shell necklaces
219
566260
2000
์•ฝ 100,000๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š”
09:28
that look like something you'd see at an arts and crafts fair,
220
568260
3000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ณต์˜ˆ ์ „์‹œํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ
09:31
as well as ochre body paint,
221
571260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์กฐ๊ฐœ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด์™€
09:33
have been found
222
573260
2000
ํ™ฉํ† ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ”๋”” ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€
09:35
from around 100,000 years ago.
223
575260
2000
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
But the most intriguing prehistoric artifacts
224
577260
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์„ ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์œ ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€
09:40
are older even than this.
225
580260
2000
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
I have in mind
226
582260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
09:44
the so-called Acheulian hand axes.
227
584260
3000
์šฐํด๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
The oldest stone tools are choppers
228
588260
3000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์„๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
09:51
from the Olduvai Gorge in East Africa.
229
591260
2000
์˜ฌ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด ํ˜‘๊ณก์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋„๋ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
They go back about two-and-a-half-million years.
230
593260
3000
์ด๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ 250๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ง€์š”.
09:56
These crude tools
231
596260
2000
์ด ๋Œ€์ถฉ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
09:58
were around for thousands of centuries,
232
598260
3000
ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์—๋ ‰ํˆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์›ํ˜•์ด๋‚˜
10:01
until around 1.4 million years ago
233
601260
3000
๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ธ ๋พฐ์กฑ์žŽ์ด๋‚˜
10:04
when Homo erectus
234
604260
2000
๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜
10:06
started shaping
235
606260
2000
๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ๋‚  ๊ฐ™์€
10:08
single, thin stone blades,
236
608260
2000
๊ฐ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:10
sometimes rounded ovals,
237
610260
3000
๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์ธ
10:13
but often in what are to our eyes
238
613260
2000
140๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
10:15
an arresting, symmetrical pointed leaf
239
615260
3000
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
10:18
or teardrop form.
240
618260
2000
ํ•จ๊ป˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
These Acheulian hand axes --
241
620260
2000
์ด ์šฐํด๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค--
10:22
they're named after St. Acheul in France,
242
622260
2000
์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
10:24
where finds were made in 19th century --
243
624260
3000
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์„ฑ ์šฐํด์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--๋“ค์€
10:27
have been unearthed in their thousands,
244
627260
3000
์•„์‹œ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์—๋ ‰ํˆฌ์Šค์™€
10:30
scattered across Asia, Europe and Africa,
245
630260
3000
ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์–ด๊ฐ€์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
10:33
almost everywhere Homo erectus
246
633260
3000
๋ช‡ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง„ ์ฑ„
10:36
and Homo ergaster roamed.
247
636260
3000
๋ฐœ๊ตด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Now, the sheer numbers of these hand axes
248
639260
3000
์ž, ์ด ์ˆœ์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค๋กœ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•  ๋•Œ,
10:42
shows that they can't have been made
249
642260
2000
์ด ๋„๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋„์‚ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
10:44
for butchering animals.
250
644260
2000
์“ฐ์ด์ง„ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
And the plot really thickens when you realize
251
646260
3000
๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€
10:49
that, unlike other pleistocene tools,
252
649260
3000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
10:52
the hand axes often exhibit
253
652260
2000
์ด ์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋” ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๋‚ ์—
10:54
no evidence of wear
254
654260
2000
์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ํ”์ ์ด
10:56
on their delicate blade edges.
255
656260
2000
์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
And some, in any event, are too big
256
658260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ค‘์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ
11:00
to use for butchery.
257
660260
2000
๋™๋ฌผ ๋„์‚ด์— ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Their symmetry, their attractive materials
258
663260
2000
์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€์นญ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์žฌ์งˆ,
11:05
and, above all,
259
665260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค
11:07
their meticulous workmanship
260
667260
2000
์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ•œ ์žฅ์ธ์ •์‹ ์€
11:09
are simply quite beautiful
261
669260
3000
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„
11:12
to our eyes, even today.
262
672260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์— ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
So what were these ancient --
263
675260
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€--
11:19
I mean, they're ancient, they're foreign,
264
679260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋๊ณ , ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:21
but they're at the same time
265
681260
2000
๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋“ค์€
11:23
somehow familiar.
266
683260
2000
๋‹ฎ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
What were these artifacts for?
267
685260
3000
์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์œ ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:28
The best available answer
268
688260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ ๋‹ต์€
11:30
is that they were literally
269
690260
2000
์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
11:32
the earliest known works of art,
270
692260
2000
์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:34
practical tools transformed
271
694260
2000
ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
11:36
into captivating aesthetic objects,
272
696260
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ
11:39
contemplated both for their elegant shape
273
699260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—
11:41
and their virtuoso craftsmanship.
274
701260
3000
์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:45
Hand axes mark
275
705260
2000
์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค์€
11:47
an evolutionary advance in human history --
276
707260
2000
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
11:49
tools fashioned to function
277
709260
2000
๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
11:51
as what Darwinians call "fitness signals" --
278
711260
3000
๋‹ค์œˆ์„ค ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•๋„ค์Šค ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
11:54
that is to say, displays
279
714260
2000
๊ณต์ž‘์˜ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:56
that are performances
280
716260
2000
๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
11:58
like the peacock's tail,
281
718260
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ„ธ๊ณผ ๊นƒํ„ธ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
12:00
except that, unlike hair and feathers,
282
720260
3000
์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ
12:03
the hand axes are consciously
283
723260
2000
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:05
cleverly crafted.
284
725260
2000
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
Competently made hand axes
285
727260
2000
๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์†๋„๋ผ๋“ค์€
12:09
indicated desirable personal qualities --
286
729260
3000
๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
12:13
intelligence, fine motor control,
287
733260
3000
์ง€๋Šฅ, ์†œ์”จ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘,
12:16
planning ability,
288
736260
2000
๊ณ„ํšํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ,
12:18
conscientiousness
289
738260
2000
์„ฑ์‹คํ•จ,
12:20
and sometimes access to rare materials.
290
740260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ํฌ๊ท€๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ .
12:23
Over tens of thousands of generations,
291
743260
3000
์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ๋…„์˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
12:26
such skills increased the status
292
746260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ง„์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜
12:28
of those who displayed them
293
748260
2000
์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:30
and gained a reproductive advantage
294
750260
2000
์œ ๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค
12:32
over the less capable.
295
752260
2000
์ƒ์‹์  ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
You know, it's an old line,
296
754260
2000
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ฐธ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ง์ด์ง€๋งŒ
12:36
but it has been shown to work --
297
756260
2000
์ด ๋ง์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š” --
12:38
"Why don't you come up to my cave, so I can show you my hand axes?"
298
758260
3000
"๋‚ด ๋™๊ตด์— ์™€์„œ ์†๋„๋ผ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๋ž˜?"
12:41
(Laughter)
299
761260
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:43
Except, of course, what's interesting about this
300
763260
3000
๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด
12:46
is that we can't be sure how that idea was conveyed,
301
766260
3000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
because the Homo erectus
302
769260
2000
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ 
12:51
that made these objects
303
771260
3000
ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์—๋ ‰ํˆฌ์Šค๋Š”
12:54
did not have language.
304
774260
2000
์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:56
It's hard to grasp,
305
776260
2000
์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:58
but it's an incredible fact.
306
778260
3000
์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
This object was made
307
781260
2000
์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์€
13:03
by a hominid ancestor,
308
783260
3000
์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
13:06
Homo erectus or Homo ergaster,
309
786260
3000
ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์—๋ ‰ํˆฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์–ด๊ฐ€์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€์š” --
13:10
between 50,000 and 100,000 years
310
790260
3000
์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ 50์—์„œ ์‹ญ๋งŒ๋…„
13:13
before language.
311
793260
2000
์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
Stretching over a million years,
312
796260
2000
๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „ํ•ด์ ธ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ
13:18
the hand axe tradition
313
798260
2000
์†๋„๋ผ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์€
13:20
is the longest artistic tradition
314
800260
3000
์›์‹œ์ธ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ
13:23
in human and proto-human history.
315
803260
3000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
By the end of the hand axe epic, Homo sapiens --
316
806260
3000
์†๋„๋ผ์˜ ํ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„๋กœ ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ฏธ์—”์Šค๋Š”--
13:29
as they were then called, finally --
317
809260
2000
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์—ˆ์ฃ --
13:31
were doubtless finding new ways
318
811260
2000
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
13:33
to amuse and amaze each other
319
813260
3000
๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
by, who knows, telling jokes,
320
816260
2000
๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”, ๋†๋‹ด์ด๋‚˜
13:38
storytelling, dancing, or hairstyling.
321
818260
3000
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ, ์ถค, ๋˜๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ์š”.
13:41
Yes, hairstyling -- I insist on that.
322
821260
3000
๋งž์•„์š”, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒ€์ผ -- ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
13:44
For us moderns,
323
824260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ
13:46
virtuoso technique
324
826260
2000
๊ณ ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€
13:48
is used to create imaginary worlds
325
828260
2000
์˜ํ™”๋‚˜ ์†Œ์„ค ์†์—์„œ
13:50
in fiction and in movies,
326
830260
2000
์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
13:52
to express intense emotions
327
832260
2000
์Œ์•…, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ, ์ถค ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ
13:54
with music, painting and dance.
328
834260
3000
๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
But still,
329
837260
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:59
one fundamental trait
330
839260
2000
์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ์ค‘
14:01
of the ancestral personality persists
331
841260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์€
14:03
in our aesthetic cravings:
332
843260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
14:06
the beauty we find
333
846260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€
14:08
in skilled performances.
334
848260
2000
์†œ์”จ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:10
From Lascaux to the Louvre
335
850260
2000
๋ผ์Šค์ฝ” ๋™๊ตด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฅด ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€,
14:12
to Carnegie Hall,
336
852260
2000
์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€๊นŒ์ง€,
14:14
human beings
337
854260
2000
์ธ๊ฐ„์€
14:16
have a permanent innate taste
338
856260
2000
๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
14:18
for virtuoso displays in the arts.
339
858260
3000
์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
We find beauty
340
862260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ž˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ
14:24
in something done well.
341
864260
2000
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
So the next time you pass a jewelry shop window
342
868260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ณด์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ฐฝ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ
14:30
displaying a beautifully cut
343
870260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ์ปคํŒ…๋œ
14:32
teardrop-shaped stone,
344
872260
2000
๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ ๋ชจ์–‘ ๋Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ๋ฉด
14:34
don't be so sure
345
874260
2000
๊ทธ์ € ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€
14:36
it's just your culture telling you
346
876260
2000
๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ณด์„์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ 
14:38
that that sparkling jewel is beautiful.
347
878260
2000
์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:40
Your distant ancestors loved that shape
348
880260
3000
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋จผ ์กฐ์ƒ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—
14:43
and found beauty in the skill needed to make it,
349
883260
3000
๊ทธ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ
14:46
even before
350
886260
2000
์“ฐ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ
14:48
they could put their love into words.
351
888260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?
352
890260
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:53
No, it's deep in our minds.
353
893260
3000
์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
It's a gift handed down from the intelligent skills
354
896260
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
14:59
and rich emotional lives
355
899260
2000
ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์  ์‚ถ์—์„œ
15:01
of our most ancient ancestors.
356
901260
3000
๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
Our powerful reaction to images,
357
904260
2000
์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„,
15:06
to the expression of emotion in art,
358
906260
3000
์Œ์•…์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€, ๋ฐค์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:09
to the beauty of music, to the night sky,
359
909260
3000
๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค์€
15:12
will be with us and our descendants
360
912260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ›„์†๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:15
for as long as the human race exists.
361
915260
3000
์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Thank you.
362
918260
2000
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
(Applause)
363
920260
7000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7