Charmian Gooch: Meet global corruption's hidden players

887,832 views ・ 2013-07-08

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sungho Yoo κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:12
When we talk about corruption,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΆ€νŒ¨μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  λ•Œλ©΄
00:14
there are typical types of individuals that spring to mind.
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마음 속에 λ– μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ” μ „ν˜•μ μΈ 인물듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
There's the former Soviet megalomaniacs.
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κ΅¬μ†Œλ ¨μ˜ κ³ΌλŒ€λ§μƒμ£Όμ˜μžκ°€ 있죠.
00:20
Saparmurat Niyazov, he was one of them.
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μ‚¬νŒŒλ₯΄λ¬΄λΌνŠΈ λ‹ˆμ•Όμ‘°ν”„κ°€ 그쀑에 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ .
00:23
Until his death in 2006,
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2006년에 세상을 λ– λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
00:25
he was the all-powerful leader of Turkmenistan,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 쀑앙 μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μ²œμ—°κ°€μŠ€λ‘œ ν’λΆ€ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμΈ
00:29
a Central Asian country rich in natural gas.
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투λ₯΄ν¬λ©”λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ˜ 졜고 ꢌλ ₯μžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Now, he really loved to issue presidential decrees.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήλ Ήμ„ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” 것을 맀우 μ¦κ²Όμ§€μš”.
00:36
And one renamed the months of the year
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그와 그의 λͺ¨μΉœμ˜ 이름을 λ”°μ„œ
00:39
including after himself and his mother.
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μΌλ…„μ˜ λ‹¬μ˜ 이름을 짓기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
He spent millions of dollars
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κ·ΈλŠ” κΈ°κ΄΄ν•œ 개인 숭배λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
00:44
creating a bizarre personality cult,
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수백 만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μŸμ•„λΆ€μ—ˆκ³ 
00:47
and his crowning glory was the building
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 μžλž‘κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”
00:49
of a 40-foot-high gold-plated statue of himself
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μžμ‹ μ˜ κΈˆλ„κΈˆ 동상을 12 m λ†’μ΄λ‘œ μ„Έμš΄ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:53
which stood proudly in the capital's central square
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κ·Έ 동상은 μˆ˜λ„μ˜ 쀑심 κ΄‘μž₯에 μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ„Έμ›Œμ‘Œκ³ 
00:56
and rotated to follow the sun.
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νƒœμ–‘μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ 따라 λŒμ•„κ°”μ£ .
00:59
He was a slightly unusual guy.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ’€ μ΄μƒν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:01
And then there's that clichΓ©,
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그리고 그런 μ§„λΆ€ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
01:03
the African dictator or minister or official.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ…μž¬μž, μž₯κ΄€, ν˜Ήμ€ κ΄€λ£Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
There's TeodorΓ­n Obiang.
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티어도린 μ˜€λΉ„μ•™λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:10
So his daddy is president for life of Equatorial Guinea,
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그의 λΆ€μΉœμ€ ν‰μƒλ™μ•ˆ 적도 κΈ°λ‹ˆμ˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ μ§€λƒˆμ£ .
01:14
a West African nation that has exported
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μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‚˜λΌμΈ μ λ„κΈ°λ‹ˆλŠ” 1990λ…„λŒ€λΆ€ν„°
01:17
billions of dollars of oil since the 1990s
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수 μ‹­ μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ„μœ λ₯Ό μˆ˜μΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
and yet has a truly appalling human rights record.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •λ§λ‘œ λ”μ°ν•œ 인ꢌ 기둝을 가지고 있죠.
01:25
The vast majority of its people
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포λ₯΄νˆ¬κ°ˆκ³Ό λ™λ“±ν•œ
01:27
are living in really miserable poverty
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1 인당 κ΅­λ―Όμ†Œλ“μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:30
despite an income per capita that's on a par
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κ΅­λ―Ό λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ •λ§λ‘œ λ”μ§ν•œ λΉˆκ³€μ†μ—μ„œ
01:32
with that of Portugal.
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μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
So Obiang junior, well, he buys himself
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜€λΉ„μ•™ 2μ„ΈλŠ” μΌˆλ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ 말리뢀에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ
01:37
a $30 million mansion in Malibu, California.
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3천만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ§œλ¦¬ λŒ€μ €νƒμ„ κ΅¬μž…ν–ˆμ£ .
01:41
I've been up to its front gates.
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μ œκ°€ κ·Έ μ •λ¬ΈκΉŒμ§€ κ°€λ³΄μ•˜λŠ”λ°
01:42
I can tell you it's a magnificent spread.
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정말 μ›…μž₯ν•˜κ³  κ±°λŒ€ν•˜λ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:45
He bought an €18 million art collection
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κ·ΈλŠ” νŒ¨μ…˜ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆ, 이브 생 λ‘œλž‘μ˜ μ†Œμœ μ˜€λ˜
01:49
that used to belong to fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent,
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1,800만 μœ λ‘œμ— μƒλ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ˜ˆμˆ ν’ˆκ³Ό
01:53
a stack of fabulous sports cars,
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ν•œ λŒ€μ— 100만 λ‹¬λŸ¬ 정도에 λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ”
01:55
some costing a million dollars apiece --
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ μŠ€ν¬μΈ μΉ΄λ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ λŒ€ μƒ€μ–΄μš”.
01:57
oh, and a Gulfstream jet, too.
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μ•„, κ±Έν”„μŠ€νŠΈλ¦Ό μ œνŠΈκΈ°λ„ 빼놓을 수 μ—†μ£ .
02:00
Now get this:
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이제 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:01
Until recently, he was earning an official monthly salary
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μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€ 그의 곡식적인 월급은
02:05
of less than 7,000 dollars.
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7,000λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ μ•ˆλΌμš”.
02:09
And there's Dan Etete.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ 단 μ—ν…Œν…Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Well, he was the former oil minister of Nigeria
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ•„λ°”μ°¨ μ •κΆŒ μ•„λž˜μ˜
02:14
under President Abacha,
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μ „ μ„μœ  μž₯κ΄€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
and it just so happens he's a convicted money launderer too.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λˆμ„Ένƒ μ „κ³Όμžμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
02:20
We've spent a great deal of time
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μŸμ•„ λΆ€μ–΄
02:22
investigating a $1 billion --
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10μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬,
02:24
that's right, a $1 billion β€”
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κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 10μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— μƒλ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”
02:26
oil deal that he was involved with,
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κ·Έκ°€ μ—°κ³„λœ μ„μœ κ±°λž˜λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
and what we found was pretty shocking,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έ 사싀은 참으둜 놀라웠죠.
02:31
but more about that later.
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쒀더 μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
02:33
So it's easy to think that corruption happens
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λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ”
02:37
somewhere over there,
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νƒμš•μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λ…μž¬μžμ˜ 무리와
02:39
carried out by a bunch of greedy despots
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질이 μ•ˆ 쒋은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄,
02:41
and individuals up to no good in countries
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 개인적으둜 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ ,
02:43
that we, personally, may know very little about
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ „ν˜€ 관련이 없을 것 κ°™κ³ 
02:46
and feel really unconnected to
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
02:48
and unaffected by what might be going on.
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λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
But does it just happen over there?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ€νŒ¨κ°€ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ €κΈ°μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것 λΏμΌκΉŒμš”?
02:55
Well, at 22, I was very lucky.
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22살에 μ €λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ 운이 μ’‹μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
My first job out of university
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λŒ€ν•™ μ‘Έμ—…ν›„ μ €μ˜ 첫번째 직업은
03:01
was investigating the illegal trade in African ivory.
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아프리카 μƒμ•„μ˜ λΆˆλ²• 무역을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:05
And that's how my relationship with corruption really began.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 저와 λΆ€νŒ¨μ™€μ˜ 관계가 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
In 1993, with two friends who were colleagues,
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1993년에 저와 친ꡬ이자 λ™λ£Œμ˜€λ˜
03:12
Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley,
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사이λͺ¬ ν…ŒμΌλŸ¬μ™€ 패트릭 앨리와 ν•¨κ»˜
03:15
we set up an organization called Global Witness.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μœ„νŠΈλ‹ˆμŠ€λΌλŠ” 기관을 μ‘°μ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Our first campaign was investigating the role
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우리의 첫번째 ν™œλ™μ€ 캄보디아 μ „μŸ μžκΈˆμ„ μœ„ν•œ
03:21
of illegal logging in funding the war in Cambodia.
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λΆˆλ²• 벌λͺ©μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
So a few years later, and it's now 1997,
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그리고 λͺ‡λ…„ ν›„ 1997년이 되던 해에
03:28
and I'm in Angola undercover investigating blood diamonds.
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μ €λŠ” μ•™κ³¨λΌμ—μ„œ 비밀리에 λΈ”λŸ¬λ“œ 닀이아λͺ¬λ“œλ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
03:33
Perhaps you saw the film,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ "λΈ”λŸ¬λ“œ 닀이아λͺ¬λ“œ"λΌλŠ”
03:35
the Hollywood film "Blood Diamond,"
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ν—λ¦¬μš°λ“œ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 있겠죠.
λ ˆμ˜€λ‚˜λ₯΄λ“œ λ””μΉ΄ν”„λ¦¬μ˜€κ°€ λ‚˜μ™€μš”.
03:37
the one with Leonardo DiCaprio.
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03:38
Well, some of that sprang from our work.
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음. 그쀑에 일뢀뢄은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°ν˜€λ‚Έ 사싀듀을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ£ .
03:42
Luanda, it was full of land mine victims
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λ£¨μ•ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 였직 살아남기 μœ„ν•΄
03:44
who were struggling to survive on the streets
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μ „μ „κΈκΈν•˜λŠ” 지뒰 ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€κ³Ό
03:47
and war orphans living in sewers under the streets,
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κΈΈ μ•„λž˜ ν•˜μˆ˜κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ „μŸ κ³ μ•„λ“€λ‘œ κ°€λ“ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
and a tiny, very wealthy elite
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그리고 κ·Ήμ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ λΆ€μœ ν•œ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ€
03:52
who gossiped about shopping trips to Brazil and Portugal.
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브라질과 포λ₯΄νˆ¬κ°ˆλ‘œμ˜ μ‡Όν•‘ 여행에 λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜λ‹€λ₯Ό λ–¨κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
03:55
And it was a slightly crazy place.
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λ£¨μ•ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ½€λ‚˜ μ΄μƒν•œ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
So I'm sitting in a hot and very stuffy hotel room
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μ €λŠ” λ₯κ³  맀우 λ‹΅λ‹΅ν•œ ν˜Έν…” λ°©μ—μ„œ
04:01
feeling just totally overwhelmed.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μ••λ„λ‹Ήν•œ 채 앉아 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
But it wasn't about blood diamonds.
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λΈ”λŸ¬λ“œ 닀이아λͺ¬λ“œ λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Because I'd been speaking to lots of people there
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μ €λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆκ³ 
04:10
who, well, they talked about a different problem:
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그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 문제λ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
that of a massive web of corruption on a global scale
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κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 세계적인 규λͺ¨λ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ λΆ€νŒ¨μ™€
04:15
and millions of oil dollars going missing.
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μ„μœ λ‘œ λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μΈ 수백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ‹€μ’…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
And for what was then a very small organization
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λ‹Ήμ‹œλ‘œμ„œλŠ” λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ
04:21
of just a few people,
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맀우 μž‘μ€ κΈ°κ΅¬μ—¬μ„œ
04:23
trying to even begin to think how we might tackle that
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 문제λ₯Ό 닀룰지 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것뢀터가
04:26
was an enormous challenge.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ„μ „μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
And in the years that I've been,
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캠페인과 쑰사λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©° μ œκ°€
04:30
and we've all been campaigning and investigating,
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또 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ³΄λƒˆλ˜ μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
04:33
I've repeatedly seen that what makes corruption
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μ €λŠ” 무엇이 세계적이고 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό
04:35
on a global, massive scale possible,
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κ°€λŠ₯μΌ€ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 반볡적으둜 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
well it isn't just greed or the misuse of power
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그것은 단지 μš•μ‹¬μ΄λ‚˜ ꢌλ ₯의 μ•…μš©μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
or that nebulous phrase "weak governance."
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λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ ν‘œν˜„μΈ "λΉˆμ•½ν•œ ν†΅μΉ˜"도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
04:43
I mean, yes, it's all of those,
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λ„€, 이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
but corruption, it's made possible by the actions
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 무엇보닀 μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œλ™ν•˜λ©° μ„œλ‘œ μ‘°λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” μžλ“€μ΄
04:48
of global facilitators.
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λΆ€νŒ¨μ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ μ£Όλ²”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
So let's go back to some of those people I talked about earlier.
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자, 이제 μ•žμ—μ„œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ³΄μ£ .
04:55
Now, they're all people we've investigated,
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λͺ¨λ‘ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
and they're all people who couldn't do what they do alone.
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ ν˜Όμžμ„œλŠ” ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Take Obiang junior. Well, he didn't end up
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μ˜€λΉ„μ•™ 2μ„Έλ₯Ό λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” μ΅œκ³ κΈ‰ μ˜ˆμˆ μž‘ν’ˆκ³Ό
05:01
with high-end art and luxury houses without help.
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ν˜Έν™”μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 집을 μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 도움 없이 μ–»μ–΄λ‚Έκ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
He did business with global banks.
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κ·ΈλŠ” ꡭ제 은행듀과 거래λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
05:07
A bank in Paris held accounts of companies controlled by him,
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νŒŒλ¦¬μ— μžˆλŠ” ν•œ 은행은 κ·Έκ°€ μš΄μ˜ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ˜ κ³„μ’Œλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
one of which was used to buy the art,
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예술 μž‘ν’ˆμ„ μ‚΄ λ•Œ κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
05:14
and American banks, well, they funneled
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그리고 λ―Έκ΅­ 은행듀은
05:16
73 million dollars into the States,
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7천 300만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό 미ꡭ으둜 μœ μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
some of which was used to buy that California mansion.
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그쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ λŒ€μ €νƒμ„ μ‚¬λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
05:23
And he didn't do all of this in his own name either.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ΄λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
05:26
He used shell companies.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
He used one to buy the property, and another,
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κ·ΈλŠ” ν•œ μœ λ ΉνšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ 뢀동산을 사고
05:30
which was in somebody else's name,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ΄λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ 된 λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ νšŒμ‚¬λ‘œ
05:32
to pay the huge bills it cost to run the place.
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λŒ€μ €νƒμ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λΉ„μš©μ„ μ§€λΆˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:36
And then there's Dan Etete.
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그리고 단 μ—ν…Œν…Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
Well, when he was oil minister,
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κ·Έκ°€ μ„μœ  μž₯κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:41
he awarded an oil block now worth over a billion dollars
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œ 따지면 10μ–΅λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°’μ–΄μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ„˜λŠ” μ„μœ  맀μž₯지괴λ₯Ό
05:46
to a company that, guess what, yeah,
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μ–΄λŠ νšŒμ‚¬μ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”? λ„€, λ§žμ•„μš”.
05:49
he was the hidden owner of.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이의 λͺ…μ˜λ‘œ 된 자기 μ†Œμœ  νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
Now, it was then much later traded on
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그리고 그것은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ μ •λΆ€μ˜
05:54
with the kind assistance of the Nigerian government --
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μΉœμ ˆν•œ λ„μ›€μœΌλ‘œ κ±°λž˜κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
05:57
now I have to be careful what I say here β€”
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거래의 λŒ€μƒμ΄ λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜€λŠ”μ§€ μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λ ˆ λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
05:59
to subsidiaries of Shell and the Italian Eni,
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 두 μ„μœ νšŒμ‚¬μΈ
06:03
two of the biggest oil companies around.
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μ…Έκ³Ό μ΄νƒˆλ¦¬μ•ˆ μ—λ‹ˆμ˜ μžνšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
So the reality is, is that the engine of corruption,
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즉 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 엔진은
06:08
well, it exists far beyond the shores of countries
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적도 κΈ°λ‹ˆ, λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„, λ˜λŠ” 투λ₯΄ν¬λ©”λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„ 같은
06:11
like Equatorial Guinea or Nigeria or Turkmenistan.
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λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ˜ κ΅­κ²½μ—μ„œ 멀리 떨어진 곳에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
This engine, well, it's driven
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그리고 λΆ€νŒ¨μ˜ 엔진은
06:16
by our international banking system,
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ꡭ제적인 은행 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜ν•΄,
06:19
by the problem of anonymous shell companies,
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읡λͺ…μ˜ 유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ˜ν•΄,
06:21
and by the secrecy that we have afforded
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λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ μ„μœ μ™€ κ°€μŠ€, 광업을 μœ„ν•΄
06:24
big oil, gas and mining operations,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ€€ 읡λͺ…성에 μ˜ν•΄,
06:27
and, most of all, by the failure of our politicians
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그리고 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²ŒλŠ” μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ΄
06:30
to back up their rhetoric and do something
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 곡약을 지킀지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
06:32
really meaningful and systemic to tackle this stuff.
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이런 문제λ₯Ό 의미있고 μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 닀루지 λͺ»ν•΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
Now let's take the banks first.
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자, 이제 은행에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄λ³΄μ£ .
06:39
Well, it's not going to come as any surprise
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은행이 λ”λŸ¬μš΄ λˆμ„ λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 사싀은
06:42
for me to tell you that banks accept dirty money,
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μ „ν˜€ λ†€λžκ²Œ λ‹€κ°€μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
but they prioritize their profits in other destructive ways too.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은 μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ΄μ΅λ§Œμ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 파괴적인 방법듀을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ£ .
06:51
For example, in Sarawak, Malaysia.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, λ§λ ˆμ΄μ‹œμ•„μ˜ μ‚¬λΌμ™μ—μ„œλŠ”
06:54
Now this region, it has just five percent
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ν˜„μž¬ 였직 5%의 숲만이
06:57
of its forests left intact. Five percent.
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μ˜¨μ „ν•˜κ²Œ 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 5 %μš”.
07:03
So how did that happen?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
07:04
Well, because an elite and its facilitators
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μ΄λŠ” ν•œ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ™€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‘°λ ₯μžλ“€μ΄
07:07
have been making millions of dollars
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 벌λͺ©μ„ μ§€μ›ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
07:09
from supporting logging on an industrial scale
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수백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ…„κ°„
07:13
for many years.
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λ²Œμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
So we sent an undercover investigator in
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 비밀리에 쑰사관을 보내
07:18
to secretly film meetings with members of the ruling elite,
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지배계측 μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ νšŒμ›λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μž„을 λͺ°λž˜ μ°μ–΄μ˜€κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
07:21
and the resulting footage, well, it made some people very angry,
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그리고 κ·Έ μ˜μƒμ€ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λΆ„λ…Έν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
and you can see that on YouTube,
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μœ νŠΈλΈŒμ—μ„œ κ·Έ μ˜μƒμ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:27
but it proved what we had long suspected,
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그건 였랜 μ˜μ‹¬μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμ£ .
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ μ˜μƒμ€ κ·Έ 주의 μˆ˜μ„μž₯관이 λ‚˜μ€‘μ—λŠ” λΆ€μΈν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:29
because it showed how the state's chief minister,
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07:32
despite his later denials,
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μžμ‹ κ³Ό 가쑱을 μœ„ν•΄ λˆμ„ 벌렀고
07:34
used his control over land and forest licenses
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λ•…κ³Ό μˆ²μ„ μ œμ–΄ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν—ˆκ°€μ„œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ”
07:38
to enrich himself and his family.
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사싀을 보여쀬기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
And HSBC, well, we know that HSBC bankrolled
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” HSBCκ°€ κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 벌λͺ© νšŒμ‚¬μ—
07:45
the region's largest logging companies
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μžκΈˆμ„ λŒ€μ£Όμ–΄ 사라왁을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ
07:47
that were responsible for some of that destruction
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κ·Έ μ£Όλ³€μ˜ μžμ—°νŒŒκ΄΄μ— ν•œ λͺ« ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ”
사싀 λ˜ν•œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
in Sarawak and elsewhere.
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07:52
The bank violated its own sustainability policies in the process,
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은행은 κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 지속 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 정책을 μ–΄κ²Όμ§€λ§Œ
07:56
but it earned around 130 million dollars.
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덕뢄에 1μ–΅ 3000만 λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ²Œμ—ˆμ£ .
08:00
Now shortly after our exposΓ©,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έ 사싀을 ν­λ‘œν•œ 직후
08:02
very shortly after our exposΓ© earlier this year,
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μ˜¬ν•΄ μ΄ˆμ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œ 폭둜 ν›„ κ³§λ°”λ‘œ,
08:05
the bank announced a policy review on this.
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κ·Έ 은행은 μ •μ±… κ²€ν† λ₯Ό λ°œν‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
And is this progress? Maybe,
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이걸 성과라고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄μš”.
08:10
but we're going to be keeping a very close eye
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μ§€μΌœλ³΄μ•„μ•Ό ν• 
08:13
on that case.
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μ‚¬κ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
And then there's the problem of anonymous shell companies.
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그리고 읡λͺ…μ˜ 유령 νšŒμ‚¬ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ§€μš”.
08:18
Well, we've all heard about what they are, I think,
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 그게 λ­”μ§€λŠ” μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ 거라 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
and we all know they're used quite a bit
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„ΈκΈˆμ΄λΌλŠ”
08:24
by people and companies who are trying to avoid
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μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ§€κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” μ •λ‹Ήν•œ κΈ°μ—¬κΈˆμ„ νšŒν”Όν•˜λ €λŠ”
08:26
paying their proper dues to society,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„
08:29
also known as taxes.
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자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
But what doesn't usually come to light
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²‰μœΌλ‘œ 보여지지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것은
08:34
is how shell companies are used to steal
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ—μ„œ 온
08:39
huge sums of money, transformational sums of money,
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ λ³€ν˜• κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λˆμ„ ν›”μΉ˜λŠ”λ°
08:42
from poor countries.
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μœ λ ΉνšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ”κ°€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
In virtually every case of corruption that we've investigated,
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사싀상 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  λΆ€νŒ¨ 사건은
08:48
shell companies have appeared,
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유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό μ—°κ³„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
and sometimes it's been impossible to find out
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λˆ„κ°€ κ·Έ 과정에 μ§„μ§œλ‘œ κ΄€λ ¨λ˜λŠ”μ§€
08:52
who is really involved in the deal.
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μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ”κ²Œ 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•  λ•Œλ„ 있죠.
08:56
A recent study by the World Bank
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세계 은행이 ν•œ 졜근 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ”
08:58
looked at 200 cases of corruption.
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200 건의 λΆ€νŒ¨μ‚¬κ±΄μ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
It found that over 70 percent of those cases
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό κ·Έ 경우의 70% 이상이
09:04
had used anonymous shell companies,
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읡λͺ…μ˜ 유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆκ³ 
09:07
totaling almost 56 billion dollars.
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κ·Έ μ•‘μˆ˜λŠ” 거의 560μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— λ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
Now many of these companies were in America
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ λ―Έκ΅­ λ˜λŠ”
09:13
or the United Kingdom,
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μ˜κ΅­μ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
its overseas territories and Crown dependencies,
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ν•΄μ™Έ μ˜ν†  및 영ꡭ령 μ˜ν† λ“€μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•΄ 있죠.
09:17
and so it's not just an offshore problem,
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μ΄λŠ” κ·Έμ € ν•΄μ™Έμ˜ 문제만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:19
it's an on-shore one too.
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κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ΄κ³ λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
09:21
You see, shell companies, they're central
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유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ 보톡 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
09:23
to the secret deals which may benefit wealthy elites
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λΆ€μœ ν•œ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ΄ ν˜œνƒμ„ 받을 수 μžˆλŠ” λΉ„λ°€ κ±°λž˜μ—μ„œ
09:26
rather than ordinary citizens.
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맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 맑고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
One striking recent case that we've investigated
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆλ˜ λˆˆμ— λ„λŠ” 사건 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
09:33
is how the government in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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콩고 λ―Όμ£Ό κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ˜ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
09:36
sold off a series of valuable, state-owned mining assets
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κ°’λΉ„μ‹Ό ꡭ영 κ΄‘μ—… μžμ‚°λ“€μ„ 영ꡭ령 버진 μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ
09:40
to shell companies in the British Virgin Islands.
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유령 νšŒμ‚¬μ— λ§€κ°ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
So we spoke to sources in country,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μ§€μ˜ 정보원듀과 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ 
09:46
trawled through company documents and other information
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거래의 μ§„μ •ν•œ 전말을 λ°ν˜€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
09:49
trying to piece together a really true picture of the deal.
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νšŒμ‚¬ λ¬Έμ„œ 및 기타 정보λ₯Ό ν›‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
And we were alarmed to find that these shell companies
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 유령 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μžμ‚°μ„
09:56
had quickly flipped many of the assets on
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λŸ°λ˜μ— 상μž₯된 μ£Όμš” ꡭ제 κ΄‘μ‚°νšŒμ‚¬μ—
09:58
for huge profits to major international mining companies
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μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ νŒ”μ•„λ„˜κ²¨ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 이읡을 μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀에
10:02
listed in London.
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놀라지 μ•Šμ„ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
Now, the Africa Progress Panel, led by Kofi Annan,
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μ½”ν”Ό μ•„λ‚œμ΄ μ΄λ„λŠ” 아프리카 λ°œμ „ νŒ¨λ„μ€
10:08
they've calculated that Congo may have lost
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콩고가 이런 κ±°λž˜μ—μ„œ 13μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ λ„˜λŠ”
10:11
more than 1.3 billion dollars from these deals.
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λˆμ„ μžƒμ—ˆμ„ 거라고 μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:16
That's almost twice
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μ΄λŠ” 콩고의 μ—°κ°„
10:18
the country's annual health and education budget combined.
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건강 및 ꡐ윑 μ˜ˆμ‚°μ˜ 두배에 이λ₯΄λŠ” λˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
And will the people of Congo, will they ever get their money back?
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콩고의 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λˆμ„ λŒλ €λ°›μ„ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:26
Well, the answer to that question,
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹΅κ³Ό
10:28
and who was really involved and what really happened,
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λˆ„κ°€ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ—ˆκ³  정말 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”κ°€λŠ”
10:30
well that's going to probably remain locked away
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ
10:33
in the secretive company registries of the British Virgin Islands
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영ꡭ령 버진 μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ˜ λΉ„λ°€ νšŒμ‚¬ κΈ°λ°€λ‘œ
10:36
and elsewhere unless we all do something about it.
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λ‹¨λ‹¨νžˆ 숨겨져 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
And how about the oil, gas and mining companies?
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μ„μœ μ™€ κ°€μŠ€, κ΄‘μ—… νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
10:43
Okay, maybe it's a bit of a clichΓ© to talk about them.
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ’€ μ§„λΆ€ν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
Corruption in that sector, no surprise.
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κ·Έ 뢄야에도 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
There's corruption everywhere, so why focus on that sector?
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λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  뢄야에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 근데 μ™œ κ·Έ 뢄야에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λƒκ³ μš”?
10:53
Well, because there's a lot at stake.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ§Žμ€ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
In 2011, natural resource exports
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2011년에 μ²œμ—°μžμ› μˆ˜μΆœλŸ‰μ€
10:59
outweighed aid flows by almost 19 to one
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아프리카, μ•„μ‹œμ•„, 라틴 μ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 원쑰흐름에 λΉ„ν•΄
11:03
in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Nineteen to one.
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19:1의 λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ 훨씬 λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 19:1이죠.
11:07
Now that's a hell of a lot of schools and universities
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자, 이 돈이면 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 학ꡐ와 λŒ€ν•™, 그리고 병원듀,
11:11
and hospitals and business startups,
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 사업도 μ°½μ—…ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:13
many of which haven't materialized and never will
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κ·Έ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ ν˜„μ‹€ν™”λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 그럴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
because some of that money has simply been stolen away.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ 돈의 일뢀λ₯Ό 훔쳐갔기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
11:19
Now let's go back to the oil and mining companies,
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자, 이제 λ‹€μ‹œ μ„μœ μ™€ κ΄‘μ‚° νšŒμ‚¬λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ³΄μ£ .
11:22
and let's go back to Dan Etete and that $1 billion deal.
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단 μ—ν…Œν…Œμ™€ 그의 μ‹­μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 거래둜 λŒμ•„κ°€λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
11:25
And now forgive me, I'm going to read the next bit
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자, 이제 남은 μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ½κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΆ€λ”” μ–‘ν•΄ν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
11:28
because it's a very live issue, and our lawyers
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 맀우 졜근 문제이고 저희 λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬λ“€μ΄
11:30
have been through this in some detail
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이 문제λ₯Ό 깊이 μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆκΈ°μ—
11:32
and they want me to get it right.
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μ„Έμ„Έν•œ 것 κΉŒμ§€λ„ 옳게 μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άλ„€μš”.
11:36
Now, on the surface, the deal appeared straightforward.
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자, κ²‰μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έ κ±°λž˜κ°€ λ‹¨μˆœν•΄ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
Subsidiaries of Shell and Eni
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μ…Έκ³Ό μ—λ‹ˆμ˜ μžνšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€
11:42
paid the Nigerian government for the block.
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λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ μ •λΆ€μ—κ²Œ μ„μœ λ§€μž₯지괴에 λŒ€ν•œ 값을 μ§€λΆˆν–ˆκ³ 
11:45
The Nigerian government transferred
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λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ μ •λΆ€λŠ” λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κΉŒμ§€
11:47
precisely the same amount, to the very dollar,
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 같은 λˆμ„
11:50
to an account earmarked for a shell company
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κ·Έ μ…€ νšŒμ‚¬μ— μ§€μ •λœ κ³„μ’Œλ‘œ μ†‘κΈˆν–ˆμ£ .
11:55
whose hidden owner was Etete.
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κ·Έ μ…Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μˆ¨μ€ 주인은 μ—ν…Œν…Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
Now, that's not bad going for a convicted money launderer.
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자, μ΄λŠ” 돈 세탁 μ „κ³Όμž μΉ˜κ³ λŠ” λ³„κ²Œ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
12:00
And here's the thing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:02
After many months of digging around
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λͺ‡λ‹¬ κ°„μ˜ 쑰사와
12:03
and reading through hundreds of pages of court documents,
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수백 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ˜ 법정 λ¬Έμ„œλ₯Ό 읽은 κ²°κ³Ό
12:07
we found evidence that, in fact,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ…Έκ³Ό μ—λ‹ˆκ°€
12:09
Shell and Eni had known that the funds
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κ·Έ 자금이 단 μ—ν…Œν…Œκ°€ μš΄μ˜ν•˜λ˜ μ…Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ—κ²Œ λ„˜κ²¨μ§„λ‹€λŠ”
12:12
would be transferred to that shell company,
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사싀을 μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 증거λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
and frankly, it's hard to believe they didn't know
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μ†”μ§νžˆ 그듀이 μ •ν™•νžˆ λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 거래λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
12:19
who they were really dealing with there.
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λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀뢀터 λ―ΏκΈ° μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
Now, it just shouldn't take these sorts of efforts
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자, 돈이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ±°λž˜λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
12:26
to find out where the money in deals like this went.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ ₯을 λ“€μ—¬μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
I mean, these are state assets.
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그것은 κ΅­κ°€ μžμ‚°μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
They're supposed to be used for the benefit
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κ·Έ λˆμ€ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 이읡을 μœ„ν•΄
12:31
of the people in the country.
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μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  λˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:33
But in some countries, citizens and journalists
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일뢀 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이야기듀을
12:36
who are trying to expose stories like this
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외뢀에 μ•Œλ¦¬λ € ν•œ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€κ³Ό κΈ°μžλ“€μ΄
12:38
have been harassed and arrested
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κ΄΄λ‘­νž˜μ„ λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μ²΄ν¬λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
12:40
and some have even risked their lives to do so.
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그리고 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 이λ₯Ό μ•Œλ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺ©μˆ¨κΉŒμ§€ κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
And finally, well, there are those who believe
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” κ·Έμ € ν”Όν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³ 
12:48
that corruption is unavoidable.
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λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
It's just how some business is done.
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사업을 ν•˜λŠ” 과정이라 μ—¬κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
It's too complex and difficult to change.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κΈ°μ£ .
12:55
So in effect, what? We just accept it.
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κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”μš”? μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ€νŒ¨λ₯Ό κ·Έλƒ₯ λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
But as a campaigner and investigator,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ„ 벌이고 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨
13:00
I have a different view,
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 견해가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:01
because I've seen what can happen
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ €λŠ” 아이디어가 좔진λ ₯을 μ–»μœΌλ©΄
13:03
when an idea gains momentum.
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μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ΄€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
In the oil and mining sector, for example,
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ν•œ 예둜, μ„μœ  및 κ΄‘μ—… λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ”
13:09
there is now the beginning
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이듀 문제의 일뢀λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•΄ μ€„λ§Œν•œ
13:10
of a truly worldwide transparency standard
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μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 세계적인 투λͺ…μ„± κΈ°μ€€ λ„μž…μ΄
13:13
that could tackle some of these problems.
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μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:16
In 1999, when Global Witness called
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1999λ…„ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μœ„νŠΈλ‹ˆμŠ€κ°€ μ„μœ  νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ˜
13:19
for oil companies to make payments on deals transparent,
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돈거래 내역을 투λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μžλŠ” μ˜κ²¬μ„ λƒˆμ„ λ•Œ
13:22
well, some people laughed at the extreme naivetΓ©
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ·Έ μž‘μ€ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μ˜
13:26
of that small idea.
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극단적인 μˆœμ§„ν•¨μ„ λΉ„μ›ƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
But literally hundreds of civil society groups
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 결과적으둜 μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ
13:31
from around the world came together
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수백 개의 μ‹œλ―Ό μ‚¬νšŒ 단체듀이 λͺ¨μ—¬
13:33
to fight for transparency,
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투λͺ…성을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμ› μ£ .
13:35
and now it's fast becoming the norm and the law.
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그리고 μ΄μ œλŠ” κ·Έ 투쟁이 κ·œλ²” 및 법λ₯ λ‘œ λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
Two thirds of the value
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세계 μ„μœ  및 κ΄‘μ‚° νšŒμ‚¬
13:41
of the world's oil and mining companies
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κ°’μ–΄μΉ˜μ˜ 2/3은
13:43
are now covered by transparency laws. Two thirds.
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이제 투λͺ…μ„± 법λ₯ λ‘œ λ³΄ν˜Έλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 2/3 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
So this is change happening.
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λ³€ν™”κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
13:48
This is progress.
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μ΄λŠ” μ„±κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
But we're not there yet, by far.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아직 갈길이 λ©‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:53
Because it really isn't about corruption
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ” μ € μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ—μ„œ
13:56
somewhere over there, is it?
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μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
13:58
In a globalized world, corruption
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μ„Έκ³„ν™”λœ 이 μ§€κ΅¬μ΄Œμ—μ„œ λΆ€νŒ¨λŠ”
14:00
is a truly globalized business,
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μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 전세계적인 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:02
and one that needs global solutions,
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μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ΄Œμ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌμΈ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€
14:04
supported and pushed by us all, as global citizens,
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μ§€μ§€ν•˜κ³  ν›„μ›ν•˜λŠ” 세계적인 해결책이
14:08
right here.
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ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:11
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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