Elizabeth Pisani: Sex, drugs and HIV -- let's get rational

165,077 views ใƒป 2010-04-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoon Sub Yi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Suji Kim
00:16
"People do stupid things.
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"์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์ง“๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
That's what spreads HIV."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ HIV๊ฐ€ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:20
This was a headline in a U.K. newspaper,
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋””์–ธ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜จ
00:22
The Guardian, not that long ago.
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ํ‘œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I'm curious, show of hands, who agrees with it?
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”. ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” -- ์ด ๋ง๊ณผ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„?
00:29
Well, one or two brave souls.
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์Œ, ํ•œ ๋‘๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
00:31
This is actually a direct quote from an epidemiologist
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ง์€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ
00:34
who's been in field of HIV for 15 years,
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15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ HIV๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ
00:36
worked on four continents,
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ํ•œ ์—ญํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
00:38
and you're looking at her.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
And I am now going to argue
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ง์ด ์˜ค์ง ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ
00:42
that this is only half true.
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์˜ณ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
People do get HIV because they do stupid things,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์ง“์„ ํ•ด์„œ HIV์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:47
but most of them are doing stupid things
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ค‘์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
00:49
for perfectly rational reasons.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์ง“๋“ค์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Now, "rational" is the dominant paradigm
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์ž, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” "ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ "์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ
00:55
in public health,
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๋ฒ”๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
and if you put your public health nerd glasses on,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ดด์งœ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ๋“ค์„ ์“ฐ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:00
you'll see that if we give people the information that they need
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด, ์ฆ‰,
01:03
about what's good for them and what's bad for them,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋‚˜์œ์ง€์˜ ํŒ๊ฐ€๋ฆ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
if you give them the services
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
01:07
that they can use to act on that information,
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์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
01:09
and a little bit of motivation,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:11
people will make rational decisions
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:13
and live long and healthy lives.
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๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Wonderful.
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
01:17
That's slightly problematic for me because I work in HIV,
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์ด ์ ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์ง ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” HIV๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
01:20
and although I'm sure you all know
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ HIV๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค, ์„ฑ๋น„๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•๊ณผ
01:22
that HIV is about poverty and gender inequality,
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์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋˜ํ•œ
01:25
and if you were at TED '07
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๋งŒ์•ฝ 2007๋…„ TED๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:27
it's about coffee prices ...
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์ปคํ”ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ
01:29
Actually, HIV's about sex and drugs,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค HIV๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
and if there are two things that make
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
01:34
human beings a little bit irrational,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
01:36
they are erections and addiction.
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๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ค‘๋…์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:41
So, let's start with what's rational for an addict.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ค‘๋…์ž์—๊ฒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:44
Now, I remember speaking to an Indonesian friend of mine, Frankie.
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์ž, ์ œ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์ด์‚ฌ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋žญํ‚ค์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:47
We were having lunch and he was telling me
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:49
about when he was in jail in Bali for a drug injection.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ์ˆ˜๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
It was someone's birthday, and they had very kindly
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
01:54
smuggled some heroin into jail,
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์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ—ค๋กœ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์—ฌ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:56
and he was very generously sharing it out
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์ƒ์ผ์„ ๋งž์€ ์ž๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ
01:59
with all of his colleagues.
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ํ—ค๋กœ์ธ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
And so everyone lined up,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ค„์„ ์„ฐ์ง€์š”.
02:03
all the smackheads in a row,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ ฌ๋กœ์š”.
02:05
and the guy whose birthday it was
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„
02:07
filled up the fit,
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ด๊ณ 
02:10
and he went down and started injecting people.
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์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
So he injects the first guy,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:14
and then he's wiping the needle on his shirt,
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์…”์ธ ์— ๋‹ฆ๋”๋‹ˆ,
02:17
and he injects the next guy.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
And Frankie says, "I'm number 22 in line,
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ํ”„๋žญํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, "์ €๋Š” ์ค„์—์„œ 22๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„œ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:23
and I can see the needle coming down towards me,
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:26
and there is blood all over the place.
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์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์€ ํ”ผ๋ฒ”๋ฒ…์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
It's getting blunter and blunter.
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋‚ ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ฌด๋ŽŒ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And a small part of my brain is thinking,
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๋‚ด ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:33
'That is so gross
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'์ €๊ฑฐ ์™„์ „ ๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ๋ฐ,'
02:35
and really dangerous,'
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:37
but most of my brain is thinking,
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๋‚ด ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:39
'Please let there be some smack left
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'์ œ๋ฐœ ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ด
02:41
by the time it gets to me.
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์ข€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์–ด๋ผ.
02:43
Please let there be some left.'"
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์ œ๋ฐœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์–ด๋ผ.'"
02:45
And then, telling me this story,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
02:47
Frankie said,
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ํ”„๋žญํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
02:49
"You know ... God,
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"์ง„์งœ, ๋งˆ์•ฝ์€
02:51
drugs really make you stupid."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”."
02:55
And, you know, you can't fault him for accuracy.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
02:58
But, actually, Frankie, at that time,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํ”„๋žญํ‚ค๋Š”
03:01
was a heroin addict and he was in jail.
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ํ—ค๋กœ์ธ ์ค‘๋…์ž์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
So his choice was either
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์€
03:05
to accept that dirty needle or not to get high.
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๊ทธ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์— ์•ˆ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And if there's one place you really want to get high,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„์งœ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์— ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:10
it's when you're in jail.
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
But I'm a scientist
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ณ ,
03:14
and I don't like to make data out of anecdotes,
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์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
03:16
so let's look at some data.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:18
We talked to 600 drug addicts
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ
03:21
in three cities in Indonesia,
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600๋ช…์˜ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:23
and we said, "Well, do you know how you get HIV?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์ €, HIV์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
03:25
"Oh yeah, by sharing needles."
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"์•„ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ , ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด์„œ์š”."
03:27
I mean, nearly 100 percent. Yeah, by sharing needles.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ”์ด๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
03:30
And, "Do you know where you can get a clean needle
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„
03:32
at a price you can afford to avoid that?"
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
03:34
"Oh yeah." Hundred percent.
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"๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ ." ์ „์›์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
"We're smackheads; we know where to get clean needles."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ฏค์€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ ."
03:38
"So are you carrying a needle?"
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"๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?"
03:40
We're actually interviewing people on the street,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
03:42
in the places where they're hanging out and taking drugs.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
"Are you carrying clean needles?"
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"๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?"
03:46
One in four, maximum.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 4๋ช…์ค‘ 1๋ช…, ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:49
So no surprises then that
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ
03:51
the proportion that actually used clean needles
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ• ๋•Œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:53
every time they injected in the last week
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๋Œ€๋žต 10๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 9๋ช…์€
03:55
is just about one in 10,
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๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด๋„
03:58
and the other nine in 10 are sharing.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:01
So you've got this massive mismatch;
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ํฐ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:03
everyone knows that
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๋ฉด
04:05
if they share they're going to get HIV,
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HIV์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:07
but they're all sharing anyway.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:09
So what's that about? Is it like you get a better high if you share or something?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:12
We asked that to a junkie and they're like, "Are you nuts?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "๋ฏธ์ณค์–ด์š”?
04:15
You don't want to share a needle anymore than you want
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฑด ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
04:17
to share a toothbrush even with someone you're sleeping with.
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์นซ์†”์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ด์š”.
04:20
There's just kind of an ick factor there.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ฃ .
04:22
"No, no. We share needles because we don't want to go to jail."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ด์„œ์—์š”."
04:26
So, in Indonesia at this time,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋Š”
04:29
if you were carrying a needle and the cops rounded you up,
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ™์žก๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ
04:32
they could put you into jail.
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And that changes the equation slightly, doesn't it?
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์ด ์ ์ด ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์— ์‚ด์ง ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ , ๊ทธ์ตธ?
04:36
Because your choice now is either
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์€
04:39
I use my own needle now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
04:43
or I could share a needle now
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์จ์„œ
04:45
and get a disease that's going to
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜๋ฅผ
04:47
possibly kill me 10 years from now,
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์ฃฝ์ผ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
04:49
or I could use my own needle now
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
04:52
and go to jail tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
And while junkies think that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๋ก ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์ด
04:57
it's a really bad idea to expose themselves to HIV,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ HIV์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:00
they think it's a much worse idea
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:02
to spend the next year in jail
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ ํ”„๋žญํ‚ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
05:04
where they'll probably end up in Frankie's situation
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ HIV์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:06
and expose themselves to HIV anyway.
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๋” ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
So, suddenly it becomes perfectly rational
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ
05:11
to share needles.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:13
Now, let's look at it from a policy maker's point of view.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:15
This is a really easy problem.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
For once, your incentives are aligned.
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์ด๋ฒˆ๋งŒํผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:20
We've got what's rational for public health.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
You want people to use clean needles --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:25
and junkies want to use clean needles.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค๋„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So we could make this problem go away
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ
05:29
simply by making clean needles universally available
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋”
05:32
and taking away the fear of arrest.
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์ฒดํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์—†์•ฐ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Now, the first person to figure that out
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
05:36
and do something about it on a national scale
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์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ• ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
05:38
was that well-known, bleeding heart liberal
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๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์ •์‹ฌ ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ
05:41
Margaret Thatcher.
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๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ › ํ…Œ์ฒ˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
And she put in the world's first
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ „๊ตญ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ตํ™˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„
05:45
national needle exchange program,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณง์ด์–ด
05:47
and other countries followed suit: Australia, The Netherlands and few others.
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์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๊ณง ์ด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
05:50
And in all of those countries, you can see,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
05:52
not more than four percent of injectors
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์ฃผ์ž…๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€
05:54
ever became infected with HIV.
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4%๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Now, places that didn't do this -- New York City for example,
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ, ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”, ์ž์นด๋ฅดํƒ€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€
06:00
Moscow, Jakarta --
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์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ ˆ์ •๊ธฐ์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:02
we're talking, at its peak,
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2๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ผด๋กœ
06:04
one in two injectors
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ
06:07
infected with this fatal disease.
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์ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
Now, Margaret Thatcher didn't do this
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ › ํ…Œ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:12
because she has any great love for junkies.
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๋”ฑํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
She did it because she ran a country
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ
06:18
that had a national health service.
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์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
So, if she didn't invest in effective prevention,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์—
06:23
she was going to have pick up the costs
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
06:25
of treatment later on,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š”
06:27
and obviously those are much higher.
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์‚ฌํ›„์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:29
So she was making a politically rational decision.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Now, if I take out my
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์ด์ œ ์ €์˜
06:34
public health nerd glasses here
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๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ดด์งœ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์“ฐ๊ณ 
06:36
and look at these data,
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
06:39
it seems like a no-brainer, doesn't it?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:42
But in this country,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์ฆ‰,
06:44
where the government apparently does not feel compelled
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ
06:47
to provide health care for citizens, (Laughter)
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š”,
06:49
we've taken a very different approach.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:52
So what we've been doing in the United States
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€
06:54
is reviewing the data -- endlessly reviewing the data.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
So, these are reviews of hundreds of studies
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŒ์‹ ์ „์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”
07:00
by all the big muckety-mucks
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๋†’์œผ๋”” ๋†’์€ ์ž˜๋‚˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋†“์œผ์‹ 
07:02
of the scientific pantheon in the United States,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
07:05
and these are the studies that show
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์ด
07:07
needle programs are effective -- quite a lot of them.
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:09
Now, the ones that show that needle programs aren't effective --
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ, ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค --
07:12
you think that's one of these annoying dynamic slides
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด์€
07:15
and I'm going to press my dongle and the rest of it's going to come up,
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์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:17
but no -- that's the whole slide.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:22
There is nothing on the other side.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
So, completely irrational,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ
07:29
you would think.
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๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:31
Except that, wait a minute, politicians are rational, too,
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์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
07:34
and they're responding to what they think the voters want.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
So what we see is that voters respond
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์ด
07:39
very well to things like this
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:41
and not quite so well to things like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:51
So it becomes quite rational
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ
07:54
to deny services to injectors.
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Now let's talk about sex.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:59
Are we any more rational about sex?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:02
Well, I'm not even going to address
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๋ญ, ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:04
the clearly irrational positions
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
08:06
of people like the Catholic Church,
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๋งบ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ตํšŒ์™€
08:08
who think somehow that if you give out condoms,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
08:11
everyone's going to run out and have sex.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
I don't know if Pope Benedict
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๋ฒ ๋„ค๋”•ํŠธ ๊ตํ™ฉ์ด TED ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์„
08:17
watches TEDTalks online,
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๋ณด๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:19
but if you do, I've got news for you Benedict --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋”” ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
I carry condoms all the time
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:25
and I never get laid.
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
08:27
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:29
It's not that easy!
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Here, maybe you'll have better luck.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šด์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ข‹์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:39
Okay, seriously,
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์ž, ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ์š”.
08:41
HIV is actually not that easy
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์‚ฌ์‹ค HIV๋Š” ์„ฑ์  ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:44
to transmit sexually.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So, it depends on how much virus there is
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ์ฒด์•ก ์†์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ท ์ด
08:48
in your blood and in your body fluids.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
And what we've got is a very, very high level of virus
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๋ง‰ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋œ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
08:53
right at the beginning when you're first infected,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ท ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:55
then you start making antibodies,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์—” ๋ชธ์ด ํ•ญ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
08:57
and then it bumps along at quite low levels
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10๋…„์—์„œ 12 ๋…„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
08:59
for a long time -- 10 or 12 years --
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๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
09:01
you have spikes if you get another sexually transmitted infection.
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ท ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์น˜์†Ÿ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:04
But basically, nothing much is going on
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ AIDS ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง„
09:06
until you start to get symptomatic AIDS,
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
and by that stage,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ฏค ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
09:10
you're not looking great, you're not feeling great,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์•„๋ณด์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋„ ์•ˆ์ข‹๊ณ ,
09:12
you're not having that much sex.
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์•ˆ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
09:14
So the sexual transmission of HIV
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ HIV์˜ ์ „์—ผ์€
09:16
is essentially determined by how many partners you have
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ์งง์€ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
09:19
in these very short spaces of time
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ์  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์—
09:22
when you have peak viremia.
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๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Now, this makes people crazy
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์ ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:27
because it means that you have to talk about
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์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ
09:30
some groups having more sexual partners
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๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:32
in shorter spaces of time than other groups,
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์ด๋Š” ์ž์นซ ํŠน์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด
09:34
and that's considered stigmatizing.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ด์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
I've always been a bit curious about that
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:38
because I think stigma is a bad thing,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๋‚™์ธ์€ ๋‚˜์œ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:40
whereas lots of sex is quite a good thing,
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๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
09:42
but we'll leave that be.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ ์€ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘์ฃ .
09:45
The truth is that 20 years
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
of very good research
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20๋…„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ
09:49
have shown us that
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€,
09:51
there are groups that are more likely to turnover
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‚ด์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ
09:54
large numbers of partners in a short space of time.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:56
And those groups are, globally,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:58
people who sell sex and their more regular partners.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
10:01
They are gay men on the party scene
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:03
who have, on average, three times more partners
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3๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
10:05
than straight people on the party scene.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:07
And they are heterosexuals
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋™๋ถ€์™€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
10:09
who come from countries that have
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์ผ๋ถ€๋‹ค์ฒ˜์ œ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ด ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:11
traditions of polygamy
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ž๋ฆฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€
10:13
and relatively high levels of female autonomy,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค์ด
10:16
and almost all of those countries are in east or southern Africa.
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์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And that is reflected in the epidemic that we have today.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘๋“ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
You can see these horrifying figures from Africa.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
These are all countries in southern Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„ 
10:27
where between one in seven,
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์ „์ฒด ์–ด๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜
10:29
and one in three
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3๋ช…์ค‘ 1๋ช…๊ผด์—์„œ
10:31
of all adults,
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7๋ช…์ค‘ 1๋ช…๊ผด ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ
10:33
are infected with HIV.
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HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Now, in the rest of the world,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„ 
10:37
we've got basically nothing going on in the general population --
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
very, very low levels --
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
but we have extraordinarily high levels of HIV
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
10:45
in these other populations who are at highest risk:
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค, ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€
10:48
drug injectors, sex workers
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€
10:50
and gay men.
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HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
And you'll note, that's the local data from Los Angeles:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ฑด L.A.๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ์ง€์—ญ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ž€๊ฑธ ์•„์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
25 percent prevalence among gay men.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ ์€ 25% ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Of course, you can't get HIV just by having unprotected sex.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ฑ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์—†์ด ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ HIV์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
You can only HIV by having unprotected sex
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HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ‘ ์ „์—ผ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์ด ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
11:04
with a positive person.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:07
In most of the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:09
these few prevention failures
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์‹คํŒจ๋“ค์—๋„
11:11
notwithstanding,
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๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:13
we are actually doing quite well these days
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ƒ์—…์—์„œ ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€
11:15
in commercial sex:
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ฅ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
condom use rates are between 80 and 100 percent
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์˜ ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ƒ์—…๋“ค์€
11:19
in commercial sex in most countries.
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80~100% ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฝ˜๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
And, again, it's because of an alignment of the incentives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ์ธ๋™๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
What's rational for public health
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์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ƒ์—…์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ณ‘์€
11:27
is also rational for individual sex workers
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:29
because it's really bad for business to have another STI.
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์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ƒ์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
No one wants it.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์„ฑ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:34
And, actually, clients don't want to go home with a drip either.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์„ฑ ์ƒ์—…์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณ‘๊ท ์„ ํ’ˆ์€์ฑ„ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:36
So essentially, you're able to achieve
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ ์ƒ์—…์€
11:39
quite high rates of condom use in commercial sex.
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๋‚˜๋ฆ„ ๋†’์€ ์ฝ˜๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
But in "intimate" relations
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ" ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
11:44
it's much more difficult because,
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์ด๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด๋ฐ,
11:46
with your wife or your boyfriend
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ,
11:48
or someone that you hope might turn into one of those things,
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ํ˜น์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š”
11:51
we have this illusion of romance
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๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์€, ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
11:54
and trust and intimacy,
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ํ™˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:56
and nothing is quite so unromantic
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"์ž๊ธฐ, ๋‚ด ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ์“ธ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๊บผ๋ฅผ ์“ธ๊นŒ?"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋งŒํผ
11:59
as the, "My condom or yours, darling?" question.
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๋ฌด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์—†์ฃ .
12:02
So in the face of that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:05
you really need quite a strong incentive
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์ฝ˜๋”์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
12:08
to use condoms.
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์œ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:11
This, for example, this gentleman is called Joseph.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ, ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์กฐ์…‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
He's from Haiti and he has AIDS.
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์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๊ณ , AIDS๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:16
And he's probably not having a lot of sex right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:19
but he is a reminder in the population,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ์จ์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
12:21
of why you might want to be
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š”
12:23
using condoms.
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์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
This is also in Haiti and is a reminder
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
12:27
of why you might want to be having sex, perhaps.
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์™œ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Now, funnily enough, this is also Joseph
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ, ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์…‰์ธ๋ฐ,
12:34
after six months on antiretroviral treatment.
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ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 6๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Not for nothing do we call it the Lazarus Effect.
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๊ดœํžˆ ๋ผ์ž๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
12:43
But it is changing the equation
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด๋•Œ
12:46
of what's rational
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€์˜
12:48
in sexual decision-making.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
So, what we've got --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด --
12:53
some people say, "Oh, it doesn't matter very much
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€, "์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด,
12:55
because, actually, treatment is effective prevention
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ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ
12:58
because it lowers your viral load and therefore
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HIV์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:00
makes it more difficult to transmit HIV."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
So, if you look at the viremia thing again,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ๋•Œ,
13:05
if you do start treatment when you're sick,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„ํ”ˆ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:07
well, what happens? Your viral load comes down.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
But compared to what? What happens if you're not on treatment?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ? ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
13:14
Well, you die,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ๋ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
13:16
so your viral load goes to zero.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด 0์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:18
And all of this green stuff here, including the spikes --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋พฐ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์น˜์†Ÿ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์€
13:21
which are because you couldn't get to the pharmacy,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ฝ๊ตญ์— ๋“ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:25
or you ran out of drugs, or you went on a three day party binge
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•ฝ์ด ๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, 3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ›„
13:28
and forgot to take your drugs,
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์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นœ๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
13:30
or because you've started to get resistance, or whatever --
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์œ ๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
13:33
all of that is virus
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋งŒ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:35
that wouldn't be out there, except for treatment.
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์ €๊ธฐ์— ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Now, am I saying, "Oh, well, great prevention strategy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '์˜ค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ „๋žต์ด๋„ค์š”.
13:41
Let's just stop treating people."
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์ฃ .'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
13:43
Of course not, of course not.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
We need to expand antiretroviral treatment as much as we can.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
But what I am doing is calling into question
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€
13:50
those people who say that more treatment
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
13:52
is all the prevention we need.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
13:54
That's simply not necessarily true,
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ผญ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ .
13:57
and I think we can learn a lot from the experience of gay men
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ
13:59
in rich countries where treatment has been widely available
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๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:02
for going on 15 years now.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
14:04
And what we've seen is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
14:06
that, actually, condom use rates,
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์ฝ˜๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ํ•œ ๋•Œ๋Š”
14:08
which were very, very high --
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ์ ์ด์žˆ๋Š”
14:10
the gay community responded very rapidly to HIV,
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๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” HIV์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
14:13
with extremely little help
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๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:15
from public health nerds, I would say --
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์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์›€๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€์ฑ„
14:17
that condom use rate has come down dramatically since treatment
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ฝ˜๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
14:20
for two reasons really:
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
One is the assumption of, "Oh well,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” "์•„ ๋ญ ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
14:24
if he's infected, he's probably on meds,
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HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
14:26
and his viral load's going to be low, so I'm pretty safe."
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๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฑฐ๊ฒ ์ง€."๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And the other thing is that people are simply
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:31
not as scared of HIV
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AIDS๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:33
as they were of AIDS, and rightly so.
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HIV๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
14:36
AIDS was a disfiguring disease that killed you,
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AIDS๋Š” ๋ชธ์„ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๊ณ ,
14:39
and HIV is an invisible virus
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HIV๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•Œ์•ฝ ํ•œ๊ฐœ์”ฉ
14:41
that makes you take a pill every day.
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๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ฃ .
14:43
And that's boring,
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
14:45
but is it as boring as
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
14:48
having to use a condom every time you have sex,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—,
14:50
no matter how drunk you are,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—,
14:52
no matter how many poppers you've taken, whatever?
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ์ง€๋ฃจํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:55
If we look at the data, we can see that
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
14:57
the answer to that question
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
14:59
is, mmm.
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'๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค'์ธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
So these are data from Scotland.
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
You see the peak in drug injectors
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์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตํ™˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด
15:05
before they started the national needle exchange program.
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์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ฃผ์ž…์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Then it came way down.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์—”
15:09
And both in heterosexuals -- mostly in commercial sex --
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)์ƒ์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค ๋‘˜๋‹ค
15:11
and in drug users,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ฃผ์ž…์œจ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
15:13
you've really got nothing much going on after treatment begins,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜
15:16
and that's because of that alignment of incentives
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์œ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
15:18
that I talked about earlier.
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๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
But in gay men,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š”
15:22
you've got quite a dramatic rise
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋œ์ง€
15:24
starting three or four years
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3~4๋…„ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:26
after treatment became widely available.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
This is of new infections.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
What does that mean?
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
15:32
It means that the combined effect of being less worried
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:35
and having more virus out there in the population --
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๋œ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
15:38
more people living longer, healthier lives,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
15:40
more likely to be getting laid
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  HIV๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
15:42
with HIV --
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์ ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
15:44
is outweighing the effects of lower viral load,
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๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
and that's a very worrisome thing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
What does it mean?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
15:51
It means we need to be doing more prevention the more treatment we have.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ค„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
Is that what's happening?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:56
No, and I call it the "compassion conundrum."
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ์˜ ๋‚œ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
We've talked a lot about compassion the last couple of days,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
and what's happening really is that people are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
16:05
unable quite to bring themselves to put in
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์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
16:07
good sexual and reproductive health services for sex workers,
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์ข‹์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ 
16:10
unable quite to be giving out needles to junkies.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์„ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
16:13
But once they've gone from being
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
16:16
transgressive people whose behaviors we don't want to condone
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šค๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—์„œ
16:19
to being AIDS victims,
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AIDS์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
16:21
we come over all compassionate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ
16:23
and buy them incredibly expensive drugs for the rest of their lives.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค ํ‰์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ผ ์•ฝ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
It doesn't make any sense
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๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”
16:27
from a public health point of view.
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๋„์ €ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
I want to give what's very nearly the last word to Ines.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„ค์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Ines is a a transgender hooker on the streets of Jakarta;
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์ด๋„ค์Šค๋Š” ์ž์นด๋ฅดํƒ€์˜ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชธ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ Œ์Šค์  ๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
she's a chick with a dick.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฌ์ž์ฃ .
16:38
Why does she do that job?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
16:40
Well, of course, because she's forced into it
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒ ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๊ณ 
16:43
because she doesn't have any better option, etc., etc.
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๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
16:45
And if we could just teach her to sew
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋Š์งˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๊ณ 
16:47
and get her a nice job in a factory, all would be well.
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ํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
16:50
This is what factory workers earn in an hour in Indonesia:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•ด์„œ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
on average, 20 cents.
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๋Œ€๋žต ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 20์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
It varies a bit province to province.
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์ฃผ(ๅทž)๋ณ„๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
I do speak to sex workers, 15,000 of them
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
16:59
for this particular slide,
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์ด ํŠน์ • ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 15,000๋ช…๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
and this is what sex workers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด
17:03
say they earn in an hour.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ์ˆ˜๋‹น์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
So it's not a great job, but for a lot of people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ง์—…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
17:08
it really is quite a rational choice.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
Okay, Ines.
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์ž ์ด๋„ค์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
We've got the tools, the knowledge and the cash,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” HIV๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค, ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๋ˆ,
17:20
and commitment to preventing HIV too.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
Ines: So why is prevalence still rising?
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์ด๋„ค์Šค: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด์งธ์„œ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
17:30
It's all politics.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
When you get to politics, nothing makes sense.
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์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
Elizabeth Pisani: "When you get to politics, nothing makes sense."
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ํ”ผ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ: "์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
17:39
So, from the point of view of a sex worker,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์„ฑ์  ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„ 
17:42
politicians are making no sense.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
From the point of view of a public health nerd,
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๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ดด์งœ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„ ,
17:46
junkies are doing dumb things.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
The truth is that everyone has a different rationale.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
There are as many different ways of being rational
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
17:55
as there are human beings on the planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
17:57
and that's one of the glories of human existence.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ด‘๋“ค ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
But those ways of being rational
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€
18:01
are not independent of one another,
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์„œ๋กœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
so it's rational for
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž์—๊ฒ
18:05
a drug injector to share needles
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ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ์˜ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
18:07
because of a stupid decision that's made by a politician,
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
18:10
and it's rational for a politician
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ด ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด
18:12
to make that stupid decision
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์ด
18:15
because they're responding to
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์‘๋‹ต์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
18:17
what they think the voters want.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
But here's the thing:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
18:21
we are the voters.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
We're not all of them, of course, but TED is a community of opinion leaders.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, TED๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ฃผ๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ณ 
18:26
And everyone who's in this room,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ
18:28
and everyone who's watching this out there on the web,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
18:31
I think, has a duty to demand of their politicians
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
18:34
that we make policy based on scientific evidence
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ƒ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์„
18:37
and on common sense.
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์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:39
It's going to be really hard for us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
18:41
to individually affect what's rational
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ํ”„๋žญํ‚ค์™€ ์ด๋„ค์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€
18:44
for every Frankie and every Ines out there,
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
but you can at least use your vote
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ
18:49
to stop politicians doing stupid things
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด HIV๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„
18:52
that spread HIV.
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๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:54
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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