How we'll fight the next deadly virus | Pardis Sabeti

84,833 views ・ 2016-02-25

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jaewon Sim κ²€ν† : Youn-chan Cho
00:13
You may never have heard of Kenema, Sierra Leone
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ μΌ€λ„€λ§ˆ (μ‹œμ—λΌ 리온) ν˜Ήμ€ 아루아 (λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„)에 λŒ€ν•΄
00:15
or Arua, Nigeria.
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듀어보지 λͺ»ν•˜μ…¨μ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
But I know them as two of the most extraordinary places on earth.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 두 곳을 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κΈ°μ΄ν•œ 곳으둜 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
In hospitals there, there's a community of nurses, physicians and scientists
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그곳에 μžˆλŠ” λ³‘μ›λ“€μ—λŠ” 쑰용히 μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ 인λ₯˜ μ΅œλŒ€ 치λͺ…적 μœ„ν˜‘κ³Ό λ§žμ„œκ³  μžˆλŠ”
00:27
that have been quietly battling
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κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬, μ˜μ‚¬, 그리고 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ˜
00:28
one of the deadliest threats to humanity for years:
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곡동체가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
Lassa virus.
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라사 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€.
00:33
Lassa virus is a lot like Ebola.
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라사 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” 에볼라와 맀우 ν‘μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
It can cause a severe fever and can often be fatal.
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쀑증 열성을 μΌμœΌν‚€κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³  맀우 치λͺ…적이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
But these individuals, they risk their lives every day
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ 이듀은
00:43
to protect the individuals in their communities,
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이 곳에 μžˆλŠ” 이듀을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, 그리고 우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:45
and by doing so, protect us all.
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맀일같이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
But one of the most extraordinary things I learned about them
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ œκ°€ λͺ‡λ…„μ „ 처음 κ·Έ 곳듀을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:52
on one of my first visits out there many years ago
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그듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배운 κ°€μž₯ κΈ°μ΄ν•œ 점은
00:54
was that they start each morning --
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그듀이 νž˜λ“  μ΅œμ „μ„ μ—μ„œμ˜ ν•˜λ£¨ ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό
00:56
these challenging, extraordinary days on the front lines -- by singing.
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λ…Έλž˜λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
They gather together, and they show their joy.
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그듀은 ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ—¬ 기쁨을 λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
01:05
They show their spirit.
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ νˆ¬μ§€μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
And over the years,
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그리고 μˆ˜λ…„ κ°„,
01:07
from year after year as I've visited them and they've visited me,
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μ œκ°€ 그듀을 λ°©λ¬Έν• λ•Œλ‚˜ 그듀이 μ €λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ„λ•Œλ‚˜,
01:10
I get to gather with them and I sing
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ—¬ λ…Έλž˜ν•˜κ³ 
01:12
and we write and we love it,
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글도 μ“°λ©° μ¦κ±°μ›Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
because it reminds us that we're not just there to pursue science together;
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 단지 과학을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 여기에 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‚˜λΌ
01:18
we're bonded through a shared humanity.
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ν•¨κ»˜ λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” λˆλˆν•œ 인λ₯˜μ• λ‘œ λ­‰μ³μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
And that of course, as you can imagine, becomes extremely important,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 과정은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
01:25
even essential, as things begin to change.
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무엇인가 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ μ‘°μ°¨ ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ μš”μ†Œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
And that changed a great deal in March of 2014,
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그리고 2014λ…„ 3μ›”, κΈ°λ‹ˆμ—μ„œ 에볼라 λ°œμƒμ΄ μ„ μ–Έλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:33
when the Ebola outbreak was declared in Guinea.
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λ§Žμ€ 것듀을 λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
This is the first outbreak in West Africa,
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이것은 μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 첫 λ°œλ³‘μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
near the border of Sierra Leone and Liberia.
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κ·Έ λ°œμƒμ§€μ μ€ μ‹œμ—λΌ 리온과 라이베리아 κ΅­κ²½ κ·Όμ²˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
And it was frightening, frightening for us all.
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그리고 맀우 λ¬΄μ„œμ› μ–΄μš”, 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ‘λ €μ›Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
01:44
We had actually suspected for some time
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–Όλ§ˆ λ™μ•ˆ
01:46
that Lassa and Ebola were more widespread than thought,
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라사와 에볼라가 생각보닀 널리 νΌμ Έμ„œ,
01:49
and we thought it could one day come to Kenema.
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μ–΄λŠλ‚  μΌ€λ„€λ§ˆμ—λ„ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ 거라고 μ˜μ‹¬ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
And so members of my team immediately went out
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 연ꡬ νŒ€μ˜ 멀버듀은 κ·Έ μ¦‰μ‹œ νŒŒκ²¬λ˜μ–΄
01:54
and joined Dr. Humarr Khan and his team there,
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ν›„λ§ˆλ₯΄ μΉΈ μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ 그의 νŒ€μ— ν•©λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬,
01:56
and we set up diagnostics to be able to have sensitive molecular tests
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λ§Œμ•½ 에볼라가 ꡭ경을 λ„˜μ–΄ μ‹œμ—λΌ λ¦¬μ˜¨μ— λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ 경우
02:00
to pick up Ebola if it came across the border
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λ°”λ‘œ μ•Œ 수 있게 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
02:02
and into Sierra Leone.
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μ •λ°€ λΆ„μž 진단을 μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
We'd already set up this kind of capacity for Lassa virus,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 이미 라사 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이런 체계λ₯Ό ꡬ좕해 λ³Έ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμ–΄
02:06
we knew how to do it,
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ²˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
the team is outstanding.
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이 νŒ€μ€ 맀우 λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
02:09
We just had to give them the tools and place to survey for Ebola.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 에볼라 쑰사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 도ꡬ와 μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό 제곡만 ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:13
And unfortunately, that day came.
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그리고 μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„, 그날이 μ™”μ£ .
02:14
On May 23, 2014, a woman checked into the maternity ward at the hospital,
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2014λ…„ 5μ›” 23일, μ–΄λŠ ν•œ 여성이 병원 μ‚°λΆ€μΈκ³Όμ˜ μž…μ›ν–ˆκ³ ,
02:19
and the team ran those important molecular tests
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νŒ€μ›λ“€μ€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ„μž 진단을 μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬
02:23
and they identified the first confirmed case of Ebola in Sierra Leone.
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μ‹œμ—λΌ 리온의 첫 에볼라 λ°œμƒ 사둀λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
This was an exceptional work that was done.
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이것은 정말 λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:30
They were able to diagnose the case immediately,
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그듀은 이 사둀λ₯Ό μ¦‰μ‹œ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜μ—¬,
02:32
to safely treat the patient
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ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³ 
02:34
and to begin to do contact tracing to follow what was going on.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 된 일인지 ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ ‘μ΄‰μž 좔적 쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:37
It could've stopped something.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 무언가λ₯Ό λ©ˆμΆœμˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
But by the time that day came,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έ 날이 왔을 λ•Œμ—”,
02:42
the outbreak had already been breeding for months.
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μ—λ³ΌλΌλŠ” 이미 λͺ‡λ‹¬κ°„ λ²ˆμ‹ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
With hundreds of cases, it had already eclipsed all previous outbreaks.
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수백개의 μ‚¬λ‘€λ“€λ‘œ, 과거에 λ°œμƒν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€μ„ 이미 λŠ₯κ°€ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:48
And it came into Sierra Leone not as that singular case,
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그리고 μ‹œμ—λΌ λ¦¬μ˜¨μ— ν•œκ°€μ§€ 사둀가 μ•„λ‹Œ,
02:52
but as a tidal wave.
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해일 처럼 λ“€μ–΄μ™”μ–΄μš”.
02:54
We had to work with the international community,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” ꡭ제적인 곡동체와
02:56
with the Ministry of Health, with Kenema, to begin to deal with the cases,
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보건성과 ν‚€λ„€λ§ˆμ™€ ν—™λ ₯ν•˜μ—¬ μ—¬λŸ¬ 사둀듀을 λ‹€λ€˜μ–΄μš”,
03:00
as the next week brought 31,
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ν•œ 주에 31사둀
03:02
then 92, then 147 cases -- all coming to Kenema,
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 92, κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ 147 사둀, λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€ μΌ€λ„€λ§ˆμ—κ²Œ μ™”μ–΄μš”,
03:05
one of the only places in Sierra Leone that could deal with this.
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μ‹œμ—λΌ λ¦¬μ˜¨μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£° 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:09
And we worked around the clock trying to do everything we could,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 24μ‹œκ°„ λ‚΄λ‚΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  일을 ν•˜κ³ ,
03:13
trying to help the individuals, trying to get attention,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 도와주렀 ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, μ£Όλͺ© λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:16
but we also did one other simple thing.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 또 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ°„λ‹¨νžŒ 일을 μ΄λ£©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
From that specimen that we take from a patient's blood to detect Ebola,
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에볼라λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν™˜μžμ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ—μ„œ 얻은 ν‘œλ³Έμ—μ„œ 말이죠.
03:22
we can discard it, obviously.
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λ¬Όλ‘  κ·Έ ν‘œλ³Έμ„ 폐기할 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:24
The other thing we can do is, actually, put in a chemical and deactivate it,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μΌμ΄λž€ λ°”λ‘œ ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ„£μ–΄ λΉ„ν™œμ„±ν™” μ‹œμΌœ,
03:28
so just place it into a box and ship it across the ocean,
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λ°•μŠ€ μ•ˆμ— λ„£κ³  λ°”λ‹€ κ±΄λ„ˆνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:30
and that's what we did.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:32
We sent it to Boston, where my team works.
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제 νŒ€μ΄ μΌν•˜λŠ” λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
03:34
And we also worked around the clock doing shift work, day after day,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ‰΄ν‹ˆμ—†μ΄ 맀일같이 μΌν–ˆμ–΄μš”,
03:38
and we quickly generated 99 genomes of the Ebola virus.
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그리고 99가지 에볼라 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:42
This is the blueprint -- the genome of a virus is the blueprint.
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이것이 μ²­μ‚¬μ§„μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”. λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆ 청사진 말이죠.
03:45
We all have one.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ λ‹€ μžˆλŠ”κ±°μ—μš”.
03:46
It says everything that makes up us,
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우리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜κ³ ,
03:48
and it tells us so much information.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 정보듀을 μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
The results of this kind of work are simple and they're powerful.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ˜ 결과듀은 맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ³  영ν–₯λ ₯이 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
We could actually take these 99 different viruses,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 99개의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ“€μ„ 가지고
03:56
look at them and compare them,
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보고 비ꡐ할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
and we could see, actually, compared to three genomes
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그리고 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 전에 κΈ°λ‹ˆμ—μ„œ λ°œλ³‘ν•œ
04:01
that had been previously published from Guinea,
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μ„Έ 개의 κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:04
we could show that the outbreak emerged in Guinea months before,
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λͺ‡ 달전 κΈ°λ‹ˆμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
04:07
once into the human population,
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인λ₯˜μ— μΉ¨νˆ¬ν•˜μ—¬,
04:09
and from there had been transmitting from human to human.
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μ‚¬λžŒλŒ€ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ μ „μ—Όλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ₯Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
Now, that's incredibly important
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이 점이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
when you're trying to figure out how to intervene,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°œμž…ν•΄μ•Ό 할지 μ•ŒκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠,
04:16
but the important thing is contact tracing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그보닀 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ ‘μ΄‰μž 좔적 μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
04:18
We also could see that as the virus was moving between humans,
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μ €ν¬λŠ” λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ μ „νŒŒλ˜λ©΄μ„œ
04:21
it was mutating.
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λ³€ν˜•λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
And each of those mutations are so important,
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그리고 각 λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λŠ” 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν–ˆμ£ ,
04:25
because the diagnostics, the vaccines,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ 진단법과 λ°±μ‹ ,
04:27
the therapies that we're using,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ˜ 치료볍,
04:29
are all based on that genome sequence, fundamentally --
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀은 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό 근본적으둜 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ”
04:32
that's what drives it.
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μœ μ „μž μ„œμ—΄μ„ 기반으둜 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
And so global health experts would need to respond,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 세계적인 건강 전문가듀은 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜κ³ ,
04:36
would have to develop,
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κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³ ,
04:37
to recalibrate everything that they were doing.
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그듀이 ν•˜λ˜ λͺ¨λ“  일듀을 μž¬μΈ‘μ • ν•΄μ•Όν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:41
But the way that science works, the position I was in at that point
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ— 있던 μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ 과학이 λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” 방식은
04:44
is, I had the data,
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데이터λ₯Ό λͺ¨μœΌκ³ 
04:45
and I could have worked in a silo for many, many months,
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수 κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ κ²©λ¦¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ³ 
04:48
analyzed the data carefully, slowly,
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데이터λ₯Ό 맀우 μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ³  천천히 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬
04:50
submitted the paper for publication, gone through a few back-and-forths,
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μΆœνŒν•  논문을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  이리저리 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:53
and then finally when the paper came out, might release that data.
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 논문이 μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έ 데이터가 λ°°ν¬λ˜μ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
That's the way the status quo works.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 상황이 μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Well, that was not going to work at this point, right?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλŠ” μž‘λ™μ΄ μ•ˆλ˜κ² μ£ ? κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
05:01
We had friends on the front lines
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 전선에 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
05:03
and to us it was just obvious that what we needed is help,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ…λ°±νžˆ ν•„μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 λ„μ›€μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”,
05:06
lots of help.
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μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ€ 도움 말이죠.
05:07
So the first thing we did is,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 저희가 첫번째둜 ν–ˆλ˜κ²ƒμ€,
05:09
as soon as the sequences came off the machines,
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μœ μ „μ²΄ μ„œμ—΄λ“€μ΄ κΈ°κ³„μ—μ„œ ν™•μΈλ˜μžλ§ˆμž
05:12
we published it to the web.
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웹에 κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:13
We just released it to the whole world and said, "Help us."
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μ „ 세계에 κ³΅κ°œν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”, "λ„μ™€μ£Όμ„Έμš”."
05:16
And help came.
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그리고 λ„μ›€μ˜ 손길은 μ™”μ–΄μš”.
05:17
Before we knew it,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•ŒκΈ°λ„ 전에,
05:18
we were being contacted from people all over,
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μ „ 세계 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 연락을 μ€¬μ–΄μš”,
05:21
surprised to see the data out there and released.
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곡개된 데이터듀을 보고 λ†€λžλ˜κ±°μ£ .
05:23
Some of the greatest viral trackers in the world
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맀우 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ μΆ”μ μžλ“€μ΄
05:25
were suddenly part of our community.
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μ–΄λŠ μˆœκ°„ 저희 곡동체와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
We were working together in this virtual way,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 가상적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:30
sharing, regular calls, communications,
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κ³΅μœ ν•˜κΈ°, 정기적인 전화톡화, 톡신 λ“±μœΌλ‘œ 말이죠.
05:33
trying to follow the virus minute by minute,
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‹œμ‹œκ°κ° 따라,
05:36
to see ways that we could stop it.
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멈좜 수 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 방법듀을 찾으렀 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:39
And there are so many ways that we can form communities like that.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 곡동체듀을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법도 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
Everybody, particularly when the outbreak started to expand globally,
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특히 μ§ˆλ³‘ λ°œμƒμ΄ μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μ‚°λ˜λ©΄μ„œ,
05:47
was reaching out to learn, to participate, to engage.
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λͺ¨λ“  이듀이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 배우고, μ°Έκ°€ν•˜κ³ , κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λŸ¬ 손을 λ»—μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:51
Everybody wants to play a part.
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ 역할을 맑고 μ‹Άμ–΄ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:53
The amount of human capacity out there is just amazing,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 인간 수용λŠ₯λ ₯의 양은 맀우 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
and the Internet connects us all.
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그리고 인터넷은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌ°μ–΄μš”.
05:57
And could you imagine that instead of being frightened of each other,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„œλ‘œ 두렀움에 λΉ μ Έ μžˆλŠ” 것 λŒ€μ‹ μ—
06:01
that we all just said, "Let's do this.
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"우리 이거 ν•΄λ³΄μž.
06:03
Let's work together, and let's make this happen."
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ν•¨κ»˜ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜μ—¬ λ˜κ²Œν•˜μž."라고 λ§ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:05
But the problem is that the data that all of us are using,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ˜ μžλ£Œμ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
Googling on the web, is just too limited to do what we need to do.
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μ›Ήμƒμ—μ„œμ˜ ꡬ글링은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Όν•  일을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
And so many opportunities get missed when that happens.
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그리고 그런 일이 생기면 수 λ§Žμ€ κΈ°νšŒλ“€μ„ λ†“μΉ˜κ³  말죠.
06:15
So in the early part of the epidemic from Kenema,
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ν‚€λ„€λ§ˆμ˜ μœ ν–‰λ³‘ μ΄ˆκΈ°λ•Œ,
06:17
we'd had 106 clinical records from patients,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 106개의 ν™˜μž μž„μƒ 기둝을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
06:20
and we once again made that publicly available to the world.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 또 λ‹€μ‹œ 이것을 세계에 κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:23
And in our own lab, we could show that you could take those 106 records,
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그리고 저희 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 106개의 기둝에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ 
06:26
we could train computers to predict the prognosis for Ebola patients
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에볼라 ν™˜μžμ˜ μ˜ˆν›„λ₯Ό 예츑 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 컴퓨터듀을 ν›ˆλ ¨μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”
06:30
to near 100 percent accuracy.
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100ν”„λ‘œμ˜ μ •ν™•λ„λ‘œ 말이죠.
06:32
And we made an app that could release that,
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그리고 이λ₯Ό 배포할 μ–΄ν”Œλ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
06:34
to make that available to health-care workers in the field.
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ν˜„μž₯의 μ˜λ£Œμ§„λ“€μ΄ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:37
But 106 is just not enough to make it powerful,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 106μ΄λΌλŠ” μˆ«μžλŠ” 이λ₯Ό κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ 
06:40
to validate it.
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μΈμ •λ°›κ²Œ ν•  μ •λ„λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
06:41
So we were waiting for more data to release that.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 배포할 더 λ§Žμ€ μžλ£Œλ“€μ„ 기닀리고 μžˆλŠ” 쀑이며
06:44
and the data has still not come.
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κ·Έ μžλ£Œλ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
We are still waiting, tweaking away,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ²©λ¦¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ 기닀리고 있고 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
in silos rather than working together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ— 말이죠.
06:51
And this just -- we can't accept that.
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 사싀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°›μ•„ λ“œλ¦΄ 수 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
Right? You, all of you, cannot accept that.
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μ•ˆκ·Έλž˜μš”? μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘λ„ λ°›μ•„ λ“œλ¦΄ 수 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
It's our lives on the line.
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우리의 생λͺ…이 μœ„νƒœλ‘œμš°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:59
And in fact, actually,
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그리고 사싀은,
07:01
many lives were lost, many health-care workers,
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λ§Žμ€ 생λͺ…을 μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ˜λ£Œμ§„λ“€,
07:04
including beloved colleagues of mine,
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μ œκ°€ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” λ™λ£Œλ“€λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”,
07:05
five colleagues: Mbalu Fonnie, Alex Moigboi,
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5λͺ…μ˜ λ™λ£Œλ“€: μ— λ°œλ£¨ ν¬λ‹ˆ, μ•Œλ ‰μŠ€ λͺ¨μ΄κ·Έλ³΄μ΄,
07:09
Dr. Humarr Khan, Alice Kovoma and Mohamed Fullah.
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ν›„λ§ˆλ₯΄ μΉΈ μ˜μ‚¬, μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€ μ½”λ³΄λ§ˆμ™€ λͺ¨ν•˜λ©”λ“œ 풀라.
07:13
These are just five of many health-care workers
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이듀은 수 λ§Žμ€ μ˜λ£Œμ§„λ“€ κ°€μš΄λ° 5λͺ…μ΄μ—μš”
07:16
at Kenema and beyond
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μΌ€λ„€λ§ˆμ™€ κ·Έ κ³³ μ™Έμ—μ„œ μˆ¨μ§„ 이듀이죠
07:18
that died while the world waited and while we all worked,
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세상이 기닀리고, 우리 λͺ¨λ‘ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„λ•Œ,
07:21
quietly and separately.
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쑰용히, λ”°λ‘œ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έμ„œ 말이죠.
07:23
See, Ebola, like all threats to humanity,
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μžˆμž–μ•„μš”, μ—λ³ΌλΌλŠ”μš”, 인λ₯˜μ— λͺ¨λ“  μœ„ν˜‘λ“€ 처럼,
07:25
it's fueled by mistrust and distraction and division.
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λΆˆμ‹ κ³Ό λΆ„μ‚°, 그리고 뢄열에 μ˜ν•΄ μ•…ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
When we build barriers amongst ourselves and we fight amongst ourselves,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„œλ‘œμ˜ 사이λ₯Ό κ°ˆλΌλ†“λŠ” μž₯벽을 μŒ“κ³ , μ„œλ‘œ μ‹Έμš°λ©΄,
07:32
the virus thrives.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” λ²ˆμ°½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
But unlike all threats to humanity,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인λ₯˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” 달리,
07:36
Ebola is one where we're actually all the same.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 같은 인간인 μž₯μ†Œκ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 에볼라 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
We're all in this fight together.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 이 싸움을 ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:41
Ebola on one person's doorstep could soon be on ours.
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ν•œ κ°€μ •μ˜ 에볼라 μ§ˆλ³‘μ€ μ–΄λŠ μˆœκ°„ 우리 것이 될 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:44
And so in this place with the same vulnerabilities,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 같은 μ·¨μ•½μ„±, 같은 힘, 같은 두렀움, 같은 희망을 κ°–λŠ”
07:47
the same strengths, the same fears, the same hopes,
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ
07:49
I hope that we work together with joy.
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μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 기쁜 마음으둜 ν•¨κ»˜ 일할 수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
A graduate student of mine was reading a book about Sierra Leone,
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제 λŒ€ν•™μ›μƒ 쀑 ν•œλͺ…이 μ‹œμ—λΌ λ¦¬μ˜¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ 책을 읽고 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
07:57
and she discovered that the word "Kenema,"
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΌν–ˆλ˜ 병원과 μ‹œμ—λΌλ¦¬μ˜¨μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆλ˜ λ„μ‹œμΈ
07:59
the hospital that we work at and the city where we work in Sierra Leone,
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"μΌ€λ„€λ§ˆ" λΌλŠ” 단어가
08:03
is named after the Mende word for "clear like a river, translucent
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"κ°•κ³Ό 같이 κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ³  투λͺ…ν•˜κ³  λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ μ‹œμ„ μ— μ—΄λ €μžˆλ‹€" λΌλŠ”
08:07
and open to the public gaze."
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멘데쑱 λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
That was really profound for us,
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그것은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό λ†€λΌκ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:11
because without knowing it, we'd always felt
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•ŒκΈ°λ„ 전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 λŠκΌˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
08:13
that in order to honor the individuals in Kenema where we worked,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΌν–ˆλ˜ μΌ€λ„€λ§ˆμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ³΅κ²½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
08:16
we had to work openly, we had to share and we had to work together.
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λ‹€ 터놓고 μΌν•˜κ³ , λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ , ν•¨κ»˜ 일해야 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:21
And we have to do that.
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그리고 κ·Έλž˜μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜κ³ μš”.
08:22
We all have to demand that of ourselves and others --
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 우리 μžμ‹ κ³Ό νƒ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ μš”κ΅¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
to be open to each other when an outbreak happens,
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„λ•Œ μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ—΄κ³ 
08:28
to fight in this fight together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹Έμš°μžκ³  말을해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
Because this is not the first outbreak of Ebola,
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이것은 μ—λ³ΌλΌμ˜ 첫 λ°œμƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
it will not be the last,
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
08:35
and there are many other microbes out there that are lying in wait,
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 미생물듀이 밖에 기닀리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:38
like Lassa virus and others.
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라사 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ 외에 λ§Žμ•„μš”.
08:39
And the next time this happens,
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그리고 λ‹€μŒμ— 이런일이 μƒκΈΈλ•Œ,
08:41
it could happen in a city of millions, it could start there.
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수 만λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 일어날 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:44
It could be something that's transmitted through the air.
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곡기둜 μ „μ—Όλ˜λŠ” 병일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”.
08:47
It could even be disseminated intentionally.
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고의둜 νΌλœ¨λ¦΄μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:49
And I know that that is frightening, I understand that,
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그것 λ˜ν•œ λ‘λ €μš΄ μΌμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ,
08:52
but I know also, and this experience shows us,
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이것 λ˜ν•œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”, 그리고 이 κ²½ν—˜μ€
08:54
that we have the technology and we have the capacity
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이것을 이기기 μœ„ν•œ 기술과 λŠ₯λ ₯이
08:58
to win this thing,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 보여주죠.
08:59
to win this and have the upper hand over viruses.
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μ΄κ²¨μ„œ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ μš°μœ„λ₯Ό μ ν•˜μ£ .
09:02
But we can only do it if we do it together
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ 이뀄낼 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”
09:05
and we do it with joy.
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그리고 기쁜 마음으둜 ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
So for Dr. Khan
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μΉΈ μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄,
09:08
and for all of those who sacrificed their lives on the front lines
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 항상 이 μ‹Έμ›€μ˜
09:12
in this fight with us always,
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μ΅œμ „μ„ μ—μ„œ ν¬μƒν•œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 이듀을 μœ„ν•΄,
09:15
let us be in this fight with them always.
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항상 이 μ‹Έμ›€μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
09:17
And let us not let the world be defined
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ μ˜ν•΄
09:19
by the destruction wrought by one virus,
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파괴된 세상이라고 μ •μ˜ 되게 ν•˜μ§€λ§κ³ ,
09:21
but illuminated by billions of hearts and minds
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μ—°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ 마음과 생각에 μ˜ν•΄
09:24
working in unity.
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λΉ›λ‚˜λ„λ‘ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
09:25
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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