Sleep Is Your Superpower | Matt Walker | TED

12,713,896 views ใƒป 2019-06-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Min Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seunggyu Min
00:12
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Well, I would like to start with testicles.
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์šฐ์„  ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ํ™˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:21
Men who sleep five hours a night
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๋งค์ผ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ž๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
00:23
have significantly smaller testicles than those who sleep seven hours or more.
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์ผ๊ณฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ž๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ํ™˜์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:32
In addition, men who routinely sleep just four to five hours a night
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 4-5์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
00:37
will have a level of testosterone
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๋ณธ์ธ ๋‚˜์ด๋ณด๋‹ค 10์‚ด์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
00:39
which is that of someone 10 years their senior.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
So a lack of sleep will age a man by a decade
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„
00:48
in terms of that critical aspect of wellness.
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10๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋…ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And we see equivalent impairments in female reproductive health
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ž ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
00:58
caused by a lack of sleep.
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์„ฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
This is the best news that I have for you today.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:08
From this point, it may only get worse.
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์ด์™ธ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
01:10
Not only will I tell you about the wonderfully good things
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
01:13
that happen when you get sleep,
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์ข‹์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
01:15
but the alarmingly bad things that happen when you don't get enough,
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์ž ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ๋ชธ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
01:20
both for your brain and for your body.
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Let me start with the brain
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
01:25
and the functions of learning and memory,
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ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
because what we've discovered over the past 10 or so years
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„์—ฌ๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
01:32
is that you need sleep after learning
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
01:35
to essentially hit the save button on those new memories
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ์ €์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:38
so that you don't forget.
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์ž ์„ ์ž์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
But recently, we discovered that you also need sleep before learning
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:46
to actually prepare your brain,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋„ ์ž ์„ ์ž์•ผ
01:49
almost like a dry sponge
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๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šต์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
ready to initially soak up new information.
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๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:55
And without sleep, the memory circuits of the brain
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์ž ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ €์žฅ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
01:58
essentially become waterlogged, as it were,
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ํ ๋ป‘ ์ –์€ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์–ด
02:01
and you can't absorb new memories.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
So let me show you the data.
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์ž๋ฃŒํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Here in this study, we decided to test the hypothesis
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐค์„ ์ƒˆ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:10
that pulling the all-nighter was a good idea.
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ผ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
So we took a group of individuals
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์šฐ์„  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„
02:16
and we assigned them to one of two experimental groups:
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
a sleep group and a sleep deprivation group.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:23
Now the sleep group, they're going to get a full eight hours of slumber,
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์ˆ™๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:28
but the deprivation group, we're going to keep them awake
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
02:31
in the laboratory, under full supervision.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์† ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
There's no naps or caffeine, by the way, so it's miserable for everyone involved.
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๋‚ฎ์ž ์ด๋‚˜ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:38
And then the next day,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ ,
02:40
we're going to place those participants inside an MRI scanner
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์‹๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
02:44
and we're going to have them try and learn a whole list of new facts
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ญ‰
02:48
as we're taking snapshots of brain activity.
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MRI ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
And then we're going to test them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:53
to see how effective that learning has been.
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ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And that's what you're looking at here on the vertical axis.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And when you put those two groups head to head,
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๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜†์— ๋‘๋ฉด
03:03
what you find is a quite significant, 40-percent deficit
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
03:08
in the ability of the brain to make new memories without sleep.
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40ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
I think this should be concerning,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
considering what we know is happening to sleep
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:17
in our education populations right now.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:20
In fact, to put that in context,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค์ž๋ฉด
03:22
it would be the difference in a child acing an exam
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
03:25
versus failing it miserably -- 40 percent.
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40ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
And we've gone on to discover what goes wrong within your brain
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
03:34
to produce these types of learning disabilities.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์•  ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And there's a structure that sits
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—
03:40
on the left and the right side of your brain, called the hippocampus.
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And you can think of the hippocampus
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์ด ํ•ด๋งˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋Š”
03:46
almost like the informational inbox of your brain.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•จ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
It's very good at receiving new memory files
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:53
and then holding on to them.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
03:56
And when you look at this structure
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์•ž์„  ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ž ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žค๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
03:58
in those people who'd had a full night of sleep,
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
04:01
we saw lots of healthy learning-related activity.
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ํ•™์Šต ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Yet in those people who were sleep-deprived,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด๋งˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:09
we actually couldn't find any significant signal whatsoever.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
So it's almost as though sleep deprivation had shut down your memory inbox,
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•จ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
and any new incoming files -- they were just being bounced.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๋„ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•จ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠ•๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:23
You couldn't effectively commit new experiences to memory.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So that's the bad that can happen if I were to take sleep away from you,
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
but let me just come back to that control group for a second.
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๋จผ์ €, ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ(ๅฐ็…ง็พค)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Do you remember those folks that got a full eight hours of sleep?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:42
Well, we can ask a very different question:
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:44
What is it about the physiological quality of your sleep
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•  ๋•Œ
04:48
when you do get it
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๋งค์ผ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
04:50
that restores and enhances your memory and learning ability
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ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
04:53
each and every day?
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์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:56
And by placing electrodes all over the head,
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์ „๊ทน์„ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ฎ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:59
what we've discovered is that there are big, powerful brainwaves
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:03
that happen during the very deepest stages of sleep
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
that have riding on top of them
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์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ๋Š”
05:09
these spectacular bursts of electrical activity
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ํ”ํžˆ '์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ์ถ”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์˜
05:12
that we call sleep spindles.
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ํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
And it's the combined quality of these deep-sleep brainwaves
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ „์†ก ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€
05:19
that acts like a file-transfer mechanism at night,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋‡ŒํŒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
shifting memories from a short-term vulnerable reservoir
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์ด ๋‡ŒํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต๋“ค์„ ๋‡Œ ์†์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์  ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ
05:28
to a more permanent long-term storage site within the brain,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:32
and therefore protecting them, making them safe.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And it is important that we understand
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:39
what during sleep actually transacts these memory benefits,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€
05:44
because there are real medical and societal implications.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
And let me just tell you about one area
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
05:50
that we've moved this work out into, clinically,
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์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด
05:54
which is the context of aging and dementia.
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๋…ธํ™”์™€ ์น˜๋งค์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Because it's of course no secret that, as we get older,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์„์ˆ˜๋ก
06:02
our learning and memory abilities begin to fade and decline.
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ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ‡ดํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
But what we've also discovered
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:08
is that a physiological signature of aging is that your sleep gets worse,
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๋…ธํ™”์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์ž ์˜ ์งˆ์ด ํ‡ดํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
especially that deep quality of sleep that I was just discussing.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
And only last year, we finally published evidence
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์ž‘๋…„์—์„œ์•ผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋…ธํ™”์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด
06:23
that these two things, they're not simply co-occurring,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:26
they are significantly interrelated.
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์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
And it suggests that the disruption of deep sleep
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๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
06:34
is an underappreciated factor
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์„ ํ‡ดํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์™€
06:36
that is contributing to cognitive decline or memory decline
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
06:40
in aging, and most recently we've discovered,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
06:44
in Alzheimer's disease as well.
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์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Now, I know this is remarkably depressing news.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
It's in the mail. It's coming at you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณง ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
But there's a potential silver lining here.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์•„์ง ํฌ๋ง์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Unlike many of the other factors that we know are associated with aging,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๋…ธํ™”' ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
07:02
for example changes in the physical structure of the brain,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋‡Œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:06
that's fiendishly difficult to treat.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ •๋„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:09
But that sleep is a missing piece in the explanatory puzzle
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
07:13
of aging and Alzheimer's is exciting
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๋…ธํ™”์™€ ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€
07:16
because we may be able to do something about it.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
And one way that we are approaching this at my sleep center
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:24
is not by using sleeping pills, by the way.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
Unfortunately, they are blunt instruments that do not produce naturalistic sleep.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Instead, we're actually developing a method based on this.
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๋Œ€์‹ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
It's called direct current brain stimulation.
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์ด๋Š” '์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋‡Œ ์ž๊ทน ๋ฒ•'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
You insert a small amount of voltage into the brain,
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๋‡Œ์— ๊ทน ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „์••์„ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
07:43
so small you typically don't feel it,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ
07:45
but it has a measurable impact.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์••์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Now if you apply this stimulation during sleep in young, healthy adults,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘์ธ ์ Š๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:55
as if you're sort of singing in time with those deep-sleep brainwaves,
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์•„๊นŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋‡ŒํŒŒ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:59
not only can you amplify the size of those deep-sleep brainwaves,
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๋‡ŒํŒŒ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฆํญ๋„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:04
but in doing so, we can almost double the amount of memory benefit
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ค‘ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์„
08:09
that you get from sleep.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
The question now is whether we can translate
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
08:13
this same affordable, potentially portable piece of technology
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฉด์ฆ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:18
into older adults and those with dementia.
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ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ ์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Can we restore back some healthy quality of deep sleep,
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
08:27
and in doing so, can we salvage aspects of their learning
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๋˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
08:31
and memory function?
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๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:33
That is my real hope now.
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์ด๋Š” ์ œ ์ง„์‹ฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ํฌ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
That's one of our moon-shot goals, as it were.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:41
So that's an example of sleep for your brain,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๋‡Œ์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:44
but sleep is just as essential for your body.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋ผ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
We've already spoken about sleep loss and your reproductive system.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
Or I could tell you about sleep loss and your cardiovascular system,
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฑด๋ฐ
08:58
and that all it takes is one hour.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Because there is a global experiment performed on 1.6 billion people
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ์ธ์ฆ‰์Šจ ๋งค๋…„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ 70์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
09:07
across 70 countries twice a year,
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16์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
and it's called daylight saving time.
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ๊ด‘ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Now, in the spring, when we lose one hour of sleep,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์žƒ๋Š” ๋ด„์ฒ ์—๋Š”
09:18
we see a subsequent 24-percent increase in heart attacks that following day.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 24ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
In the autumn, when we gain an hour of sleep,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์•ฝ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋” ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„์ฒ ์—๋Š”
09:30
we see a 21-percent reduction in heart attacks.
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๊ทธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 21ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Isn't that incredible?
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
09:38
And you see exactly the same profile for car crashes, road traffic accidents,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์ž์‚ด๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„
09:44
even suicide rates.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
But as a deeper dive, I want to focus on this:
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
sleep loss and your immune system.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
09:55
And here, I'll introduce these delightful blue elements in the image.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
They are called natural killer cells,
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'์ž์—ฐ ์‚ดํ•ด ์„ธํฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
and you can think of natural killer cells almost like the secret service agents
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜
10:08
of your immune system.
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๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
They are very good at identifying dangerous, unwanted elements
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๋ชธ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
10:14
and eliminating them.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ํƒ์›”ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:17
In fact, what they're doing here is destroying a cancerous tumor mass.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•” ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So what you wish for is a virile set of these immune assassins
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ ์•”์‚ด์ž๋“ค์ด
10:28
at all times,
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ํ•ญ์‹œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„
10:30
and tragically, that's what you don't have if you're not sleeping enough.
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์ด ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
So here in this experiment,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”
10:37
you're not going to have your sleep deprived for an entire night,
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์‹คํ—˜์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ž ์„ ์•„์˜ˆ ์•ˆ ์ž๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
10:41
you're simply going to have your sleep restricted to four hours
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ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค์— ๋„ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋งŒ
10:44
for one single night,
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์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
and then we're going to look to see what's the percent reduction
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„  ์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด
10:49
in immune cell activity that you suffer.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:52
And it's not small -- it's not 10 percent,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฝค ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
10:55
it's not 20 percent.
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20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
There was a 70-percent drop in natural killer cell activity.
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์ž์—ฐ์‚ดํ•ด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์€ 70ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
That's a concerning state of immune deficiency,
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์ด ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ ค๋  ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
and you can perhaps understand why we're now finding
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์™œ ์งง์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ
11:12
significant links between short sleep duration
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๋ฐœ์•” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
11:16
and your risk for the development of numerous forms of cancer.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Currently, that list includes cancer of the bowel,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์•”์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ๋Š”
11:24
cancer of the prostate and cancer of the breast.
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์ฐฝ์ž ์•”, ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
In fact, the link between a lack of sleep and cancer is now so strong
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ์•”์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นŠ์–ด์„œ
11:35
that the World Health Organization
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:37
has classified any form of nighttime shift work
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์•ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€
11:41
as a probable carcinogen,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด
11:45
because of a disruption of your sleep-wake rhythms.
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๋ฐœ์•” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
So you may have heard of that old maxim
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์•„๋งˆ ์ž ์€ ์ฃฝ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์„
11:52
that you can sleep when you're dead.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ฏค ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Well, I'm being quite serious now --
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
11:56
it is mortally unwise advice.
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ์ •๋ง ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ถฉ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
We know this from epidemiological studies across millions of individuals.
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ์—ญํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฆ๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
There's a simple truth:
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ธ์ƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์งง์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
the shorter your sleep, the shorter your life.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ƒ์‹์ด์ฃ .
12:10
Short sleep predicts all-cause mortality.
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์งง์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And if increasing your risk for the development of cancer
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ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋ฐœ์•” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€
12:21
or even Alzheimer's disease
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๊ฐ€
12:23
were not sufficiently disquieting,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:27
we have since discovered that a lack of sleep will even erode
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด
12:31
the very fabric of biological life itself,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ DNA ์œ ์ „์ž ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
12:36
your DNA genetic code.
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์นจ์‹์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
So here in this study, they took a group of healthy adults
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ช…์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ
12:43
and they limited them to six hours of sleep a night
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ–์—
12:47
for one week,
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๋ชป ์ž๋„๋ก ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
and then they measured the change in their gene activity profile
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ํ™œ๋™์„
12:53
relative to when those same individuals
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๋งค์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•  ๋•Œ์™€์˜
12:55
were getting a full eight hours of sleep a night.
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์œ ์ „์ž ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:59
And there were two critical findings.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
First, a sizable and significant 711 genes
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž 711๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์ด
13:07
were distorted in their activity,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:09
caused by a lack of sleep.
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๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
The second result was that about half of those genes
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
13:15
were actually increased in their activity.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
The other half were decreased.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Now those genes that were switched off by a lack of sleep
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค„์–ด๋“  ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š”
13:23
were genes associated with your immune system,
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
so once again, you can see that immune deficiency.
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๊ฒฐํ•์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
In contrast, those genes that were actually upregulated
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋•๋ถ„์—
13:34
or increased by way of a lack of sleep,
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๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š”
13:36
were genes associated with the promotion of tumors,
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์ข…์–‘ ์„ฑ์žฅ,
13:40
genes associated with long-term chronic inflammation within the body,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ฆ,
13:45
and genes associated with stress,
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค,
13:48
and, as a consequence, cardiovascular disease.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
There is simply no aspect of your wellness
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—์„œ
13:56
that can retreat at the sign of sleep deprivation
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์„
14:00
and get away unscathed.
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๋ฌด์‚ฌํžˆ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
It's rather like a broken water pipe in your home.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
14:05
Sleep loss will leak down into every nook and cranny
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„
14:09
of your physiology,
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ์ƒ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
14:12
even tampering with the very DNA nucleic alphabet
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๋งค์ผ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” DNA์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„
14:15
that spells out your daily health narrative.
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๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
And at this point, you may be thinking,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ
14:24
"Oh my goodness, how do I start to get better sleep?
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"์„ธ์ƒ์—, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:27
What are you tips for good sleep?"
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์ˆ™๋ฉด์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Well, beyond avoiding the damaging and harmful impact
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์ˆ ๊ณผ ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ์ˆ™๋ฉด์—
14:34
of alcohol and caffeine on sleep,
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์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
14:37
and if you're struggling with sleep at night,
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๋ฐค์— ์ž ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:39
avoiding naps during the day,
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๋‚ฎ์ž ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณค
14:42
I have two pieces of advice for you.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
The first is regularity.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
Go to bed at the same time, wake up at the same time,
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์ฃผ ์ค‘์ด๋“  ์ฃผ๋ง์ด๋“ ,
14:51
no matter whether it's the weekday or the weekend.
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๋งค์ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ž ์— ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋งค์ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„ธ์š”.
14:54
Regularity is king,
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๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
and it will anchor your sleep
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๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
14:59
and improve the quantity and the quality of that sleep.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์–‘์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
The second is keep it cool.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์พŒ์ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:08
Your body needs to drop its core temperature
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์ž ์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:10
by about two to three degrees Fahrenheit to initiate sleep
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์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์•ฝ ํ™”์”จ 2๋„์—์„œ 3๋„ ์ •๋„
15:14
and then to stay asleep,
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๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
and it's the reason you will always find it easier
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋”์šด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์šด ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ
15:19
to fall asleep in a room that's too cold
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์ž ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
15:21
than too hot.
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์ด ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
So aim for a bedroom temperature of around 65 degrees,
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์นจ์‹ค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™”์”จ 65๋„
15:27
or about 18 degrees Celsius.
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ํ˜น์€ ์„ญ์”จ 18๋„๋กœ ๋งž์ถ”์„ธ์š”.
15:29
That's going to be optimal for the sleep of most people.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ผ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
And then finally, in taking a step back, then,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ,
15:37
what is the mission-critical statement here?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ผญ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‹ด์•„๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
15:42
Well, I think it may be this:
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
15:45
sleep, unfortunately, is not an optional lifestyle luxury.
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'๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์น˜ํ’ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
Sleep is a nonnegotiable biological necessity.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ํ•‘๊ณ—๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
It is your life-support system,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ
16:00
and it is Mother Nature's best effort yet at immortality.
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์žฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
And the decimation of sleep throughout industrialized nations
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ
16:11
is having a catastrophic impact on our health, our wellness,
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์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•,
16:16
even the safety and the education of our children.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์— ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
It's a silent sleep loss epidemic,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด๊ณ 
16:23
and it's fast becoming one of the greatest public health challenges
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘
16:26
that we face in the 21st century.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
I believe it is now time for us to reclaim our right
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
16:37
to a full night of sleep,
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์ด๋‚˜
16:40
and without embarrassment
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๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ช… ์—†์ด
16:42
or that unfortunate stigma of laziness.
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์ˆ™๋ฉด์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
And in doing so, we can be reunited with the most powerful elixir of life,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํฌ์…˜์ธ
16:54
the Swiss Army knife of health, as it were.
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์Šค์œ„์Šค ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์นผ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
And with that soapbox rant over,
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
17:01
I will simply say, good night, good luck,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ž˜ ์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋นˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
and above all ...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค,
17:06
I do hope you sleep well.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
Thank you very much indeed.
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๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:14
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:18
Thank you so much.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
David Biello: No, no, no. Stay there for a second.
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋น„์—˜๋กœ: ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”. ์•„์ง ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
17:22
Good job not running away, though. I appreciate that.
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์•„์ง ๊ณ„์…จ๋„ค์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
So that was terrifying.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์ฐธ ๋ฌด์„ญ๋„ค์š”.
17:26
Matt Walker: You're welcome. DB: Yes, thank you, thank you.
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๋งท ์›Œ์ปค: ์ฒœ๋งŒ์—์š”. ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ: ๋„ค, ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
Since we can't catch up on sleep, what are we supposed to do?
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๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ด๋–กํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
17:35
What do we do when we're, like, tossing and turning in bed late at night
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ, ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋’ค์ฒ™์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:39
or doing shift work or whatever else?
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์•ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
17:42
MW: So you're right, we can't catch up on sleep.
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๋งท: ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:44
Sleep is not like the bank.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ์€ํ–‰์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
You can't accumulate a debt
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๋นš์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ผ๋‹จ ์ถ•์ ํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค
17:47
and then hope to pay it off at a later point in time.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ฐš์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
17:50
I should also note the reason that it's so catastrophic
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์šฐ์„ , ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€,
17:53
and that our health deteriorates so quickly,
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๋˜ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
first, it's because human beings are the only species
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด
17:59
that deliberately deprive themselves of sleep
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์„ ์ž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
18:02
for no apparent reason.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ข…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
DB: Because we're smart.
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
18:05
MW: And I make that point because it means that Mother Nature,
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๋งท: ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
18:10
throughout the course of evolution,
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๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์€ ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์˜ค๋ฉฐ
18:12
has never had to face the challenge of this thing called sleep deprivation.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
So she's never developed a safety net,
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๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ ์ด ์—†๊ณ ,
18:20
and that's why when you undersleep,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฉด
18:22
things just sort of implode so quickly, both within the brain and the body.
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๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
So you just have to prioritize.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
DB: OK, but tossing and turning in bed,
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋’ค์ฒ™์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š”
18:33
what do I do?
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์–ด๋–กํ•˜์ฃ ?
18:34
MW: So if you are staying in bed awake for too long,
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๋งท: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„์šด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
18:39
you should get out of bed and go to a different room
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์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€
18:42
and do something different.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:44
The reason is because your brain will very quickly associate your bedroom
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๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ์ž ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์นจ์‹ค์„
18:48
with the place of wakefulness,
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์ž ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
18:50
and you need to break that association.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
So only return to bed when you are sleepy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์ž ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ์ฏค์—์•ผ ์นจ์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
18:56
and that way you will relearn the association that you once had,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
18:59
which is your bed is the place of sleep.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ์ง“๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
So the analogy would be,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„์œ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
19:04
you'd never sit at the dinner table, waiting to get hungry,
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํŒŒ ์ง€๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์‹ํƒ์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ
19:07
so why would you lie in bed, waiting to get sleepy?
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์™œ ์ž ์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
19:11
DB: Well, thank you for that wake-up call.
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ: ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
Great job, Matt.
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์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋งท.
19:14
MW: You're very welcome. Thank you very much.
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๋งท: ์ฒœ๋งŒ์—์š”. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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