How we could teach our bodies to heal faster | Kaitlyn Sadtler

164,630 views ・ 2018-10-11

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Summer Lee yeo reum κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
What if you could take a pill or a vaccine
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만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•½μ΄λ‚˜ 백신을 λ¨Ήμ–΄μ„œ
00:16
and, just like getting over a cold,
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감기λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
00:18
you could heal your wounds faster?
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μƒμ²˜λ„ 더 빨리 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:20
Today, if we have an operation or an accident,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , 만일 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ꡐ톡사고λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•΄μ„œ
00:24
we're in the hospital for weeks,
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병원에 λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
00:26
and often left with scars and painful side effects
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흉터가 남고 κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λΆ€μž‘μš©μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
00:28
of our inability to regenerate or regrow healthy, uninjured organs.
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μž¬μƒλ ₯이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ³  λ©€μ©‘ν•œ μž₯κΈ°λ₯Ό μž¬μƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
I work to create materials
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μ €λŠ” λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„μ—κ²Œ μƒˆ 쑰직을 μ„±μž₯μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό
00:36
that instruct our immune system to give us the signals to grow new tissues.
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주라고 μ§€μ‹œν•˜λŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Just like vaccines instruct our body to fight disease,
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백신이 우리 λͺΈμ—μ„œ μ§ˆλ³‘κ³Ό μ‹Έμš°λΌκ³  μ§€μ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
00:44
we could instead instruct our immune system
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우린 λ°±μ‹  λŒ€μ‹ μ— 뢀상을 더 빨리 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κ³ , 쑰직을 λ§Œλ“€μœΌλΌκ³ 
00:47
to build tissues and more quickly heal wounds.
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면역체계에 μ§€μ‹œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Now, regrowing body parts out of nowhere might seem like magic,
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μ‹ μ²΄λΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό 아무도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ²Œ 자라게 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 마술처럼 보일 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:54
but there are several organisms that can achieve this feat.
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이 μœ„μ—…μ„ μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μœ κΈ°μ²΄κ°€ μžˆκΈ°μ— κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΌλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
Some lizards can regrow their tails,
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μ–΄λ–€ λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ€ 꼬리가 λ‹€μ‹œ μžλΌμ§€μš”.
01:00
the humble salamander can completely regenerate their arm,
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λ³΄μž˜κ²ƒ μ—†λŠ” 도둱뇽은 νŒ”μ„ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ μž¬μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
and even us mere humans can regrow our liver
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우리 λͺΈμ— μžˆλŠ” 간도 μ›λž˜μ˜ 반 이상을 μžƒμ–΄λ„ μž¬μƒμ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
after losing more than half of its original mass.
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01:10
To make this magic a bit closer to reality,
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λ§ˆλ²•μ— κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 이 λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ 이루기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
01:13
I'm investigating how our body can heal wounds and build tissue
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μ €λŠ” 우리 λͺΈμ΄ μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό νšŒλ³΅ν•˜ 쑰직을 생성할 λ•Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€
01:17
through instructions from the immune system.
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λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–΄λ–€ μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°›λŠ”μ§€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
From a scrape on your knee to that annoying sinus infection,
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무릎의 μƒμ²˜λΆ€ν„° μ§€κΈ‹μ§€κΈ‹ν•œ μΆ•λ†μ¦κΉŒμ§€
01:23
our immune system defends our body from danger.
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우리의 λ©΄μ—­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ 우리의 λͺΈμ„ μœ„ν—˜μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ§€μΌœμ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
I'm an immunologist,
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μ €λŠ” λ©΄μ—­ν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ
01:28
and by using what I know about our body's defense system,
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μ œκ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 우리 λͺΈμ˜ λ°©μ–΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 톡해
01:31
I was able to identify key players
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μƒμ²˜μ™€ 멍을 νšŒλ³΅ν•  λ•Œ μ‹Έμ›Œμ£ΌλŠ”
01:33
in our fight to build back our cuts and bruises.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ„ μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°Ώμ•„λ‚Ό κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:37
When looking at materials that are currently being tested
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우린 ν˜„μž¬ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ μž¬μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ‹œν—˜ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:40
for their abilities to help regrow muscle,
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뢀상을 μž…μ€ κ·Όμœ‘λ“€μ΄ 치료된 ν›„
01:42
our team noticed that after treating an injured muscle with these materials,
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κ·Έ 물질과 μ£Όμœ„ κ·Όμœ‘μ—
01:46
there was a large number of immune cells
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λ§Žμ€ λ©΄μ—­ 세포가 μžˆμŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
in that material and the surrounding muscle.
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01:52
So in this case,
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이 경우둜 보아
01:53
instead of the immune cells rushing off towards infection to fight bacteria,
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λ©΄μ—­ μ„Έν¬λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ μ‹Έμš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 감염지 μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
01:57
they're rushing toward an injury.
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손상을 μž…μ€ μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
I discovered a specific type of immune cell,
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μ €λŠ” 이 νŠΉμ •ν•œ νƒ€μž…μ˜ 헬퍼 T μ„Έν¬λΌλŠ”
02:02
the helper T cell,
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λ©΄μ—­ 세포λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
was present inside that material that I implanted
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이 μ„Έν¬λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ΄μ‹ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
02:06
and absolutely critical for wound healing.
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μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Now, just like when you were a kid and you'd break your pencil
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ¦°μ•„μ΄μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, 연필을 λΆ€λŸ¬λœ¨λ Έλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:13
and try and tape it back together again,
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ν…Œμ΄ν”„λ₯Ό κ°μ•„μ„œ μ›λž˜λŒ€λ‘œ 되돌리고,
02:16
we can heal,
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고칠 수 있겠죠.
02:17
but it might not be in the most functional way,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그게 κΈ°λŠ₯적으둜 μ΅œμ„ μ„ 아닐 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
and we'll get a scar.
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흉터가 생기겠죠.
02:21
So if we don't have these helper T cells,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 헬퍼 T 세포가 μ—†λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
02:24
instead of healthy muscle,
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ κ·Όμœ‘μ„ κ°–κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄,
02:26
our muscle develops fat cells inside of it,
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ μ•ˆμ— 지방세포λ₯Ό ν‚€μšΈ 것이고,
02:28
and if there's fat in our muscle, it isn't as strong.
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우리의 κ·Όμœ‘μ— 지방이 가득 μ°° κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그건 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°•ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
02:32
Now, using our immune system,
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λ©΄μ—­ 세포λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ,
02:34
our body could grow back without these scars
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우리 λͺΈμ€ μƒμ²˜κ°€ μ—†λ˜ λ•Œλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
and look like what it was before we were even injured.
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그리고 손상받지 μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ λ•Œμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ 보일 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:41
I'm working to create materials
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μ§€κΈˆ μ €λŠ” λ©΄μ—­ λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌœ
02:43
that give us the signals to build new tissue
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 쑰직을 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„
02:46
by changing the immune response.
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λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
We know that any time a material is implanted in our body,
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μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ μ € 물질이 우리 λͺΈμ— μ΄μ‹λ˜λ©΄,
02:53
the immune system will respond to it.
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λ©΄μ—­ 체계가 λ°˜μ‘ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
This ranges from pacemakers to insulin pumps
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λ©΄μ—­ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” λ§₯λ°• μ‘°μ •κΈ°μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 인슐리 νŽŒν”„ λ“± μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄
02:59
to the materials that engineers are using to try and build new tissue.
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03:03
So when I place that material, or scaffold, in the body,
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쑰직을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  λ§Œλ“€ λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μž¬λ£Œμ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
the immune system creates a small environment of cells and proteins
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μ œκ°€ κ·Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 지방을 우리 λͺΈ μ•ˆμ— λ‘μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
03:12
that can change the way that our stem cells behave.
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λ©΄μ—­ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” 쀄기 세포가 체계λ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
03:15
Now, just like the weather affects our daily activities,
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세포와 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μž‘μ€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
like going for a run
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이제 달리기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, λ„·ν”Œλ¦­μŠ€μ˜
03:21
or staying inside and binge-watching an entire TV show on Netflix,
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TV μ‡Όλ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ ν•˜λ£¨μ˜ 행동을 ν•˜κ²Œ 되면,
03:25
the immune environment of a scaffold
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μ§€λ°©μ˜ λ©΄μ—­ ν™˜κ²½μ€ κ·Έ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•„
03:27
affects the way that our stem cells grow and develop.
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쀄기 세포λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:30
If we have the wrong signals,
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우리의 λͺΈμ„ 그에 맞게 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
say the Netflix signals,
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λ„·ν”Œλ¦­μŠ€ μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ λ§ν•œ
03:34
we get fat cells instead of muscle.
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잘λͺ»λœ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
03:38
These scaffolds are made of a variety of different things,
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우린 근윑 λŒ€μ‹ μ— 지방 세포λ₯Ό μ–»κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
from plastics to naturally derived materials,
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이 지방은 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
03:45
nanofibers of varying thicknesses,
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μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ λ„λœ 물질,
03:48
sponges that are more or less porous,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ‘κ»˜μ˜ λ‚˜λ…Έ μ„¬μœ ,
03:50
gels of different stiffnesses.
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μ•½κ°„ 닀곡성이 μžˆλŠ” μŠ€ν°μ§€,
03:52
And researchers can even make the materials
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강성이 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²” λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
release different signals over time.
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연ꡬ원듀은 재료λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
03:57
So in other words, we can orchestrate this Broadway show of cells
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λ°©μΆœν•΄μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보낼 수 있죠.
04:02
by giving them the correct stage, cues and props
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, 우린 μ„Έν¬μ—κ²Œ "λ ˆλ―Έμ œλΌλΈ”"을 "흑혈 식물 λŒ€μ†Œλ™"으둜
04:06
that can be changed for different tissues,
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μ„ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ λ•Œμ™€ 같이
04:08
just like a producer would change the set
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰직에 맞게 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ”
04:11
for "Les Mis" versus "Little Shop of Horrors."
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λ¬΄λŒ€, λ‹¨μ„œ 및 μ†Œν’ˆμ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ—¬
04:14
I'm combining specific types of signals
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λΈŒλ‘œλ“œμ›¨μ΄ μ‡Όμ˜ 세포λ₯Ό μ‘°μœ¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
that mimic how our body responds to injury to help us regenerate.
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μ €λŠ” 우리의 λͺΈμ΄ μƒμ²˜κ°€ 났을 λ•Œ
04:22
In the future, we could see a scar-proof band-aid,
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λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό ν˜Όν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
a moldable muscle filler or even a wound-healing vaccine.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ 흉터가 남지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ°΄λ“œ,
04:29
Now, we aren't going to wake up tomorrow and be able to heal like Wolverine.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•„λŸ¬λ‚˜, μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 백신을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Probably not next Tuesday, either.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μšΈλ²„λ¦°μ²˜λŸΌ λ‹€μŒλ‚ μ— λˆˆμ„ 뜨면 μƒμ²˜κ°€ νšŒλ³΅λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
But with these advances,
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그건 μ•„λ§ˆ λ‹€μŒμ£Ό ν™”μš”μΌ 쯀이면 회볡되겠죠.
04:36
and working with our immune system to help build tissue and heal wounds,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 μ§„λ³΄λŠ”
04:40
we could begin seeing products on the market
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쑰직을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ , μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ©΄μ—­ 체계와 ν•¨κ»˜
04:43
that work with our body's defense system to help us regenerate,
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μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ λ°©μ–΄ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό 같이 움직여 μž¬μƒμ— 도움이 λ˜λŠ” μ œν’ˆμ„
04:46
and maybe one day be able to keep pace with a salamander.
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μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 있게 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 도둱뇽과 μ–΄κΉ¨λ₯Ό λ‚˜λž€νžˆ ν•  수 있겠죠.
04:51
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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