Paddy Ashdown: The global power shift

141,607 views ใƒป 2012-01-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Eran Givoni ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
There's a poem written
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘
00:17
by a very famous English poet
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ืข"ื™ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื
00:19
at the end of the 19th century.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19.
00:21
It was said to echo in Churchill's brain
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ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื”ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ
00:24
in the 1930s.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30.
00:26
And the poem goes:
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืจ:
00:28
"On the idle hill of summer,
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ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื” ื‘ืงื™ืฅ,
00:30
lazy with the flow of streams,
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ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ื ื—ืœื™ื,
00:32
hark I hear a distant drummer,
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ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืคืฃ,
00:34
drumming like a sound in dreams,
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ื•ืงื•ืœื• ื›ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืœื•ื,
00:36
far and near and low and louder on the roads of earth go by,
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ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืžืงืจื•ื‘, ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ,
00:39
dear to friend and food to powder,
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ื™ืงื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืื‘ืงื”,
00:42
soldiers marching,
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ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
00:44
soon to die."
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ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืชื.
00:46
Those who are interested in poetry,
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ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื”,
00:48
the poem is "A Shropshire Lad" written by A.E. Housman.
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ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” "ื ืขืจ ืžืฉืจื•ืคืฉื™ื™ืจ" ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ื.ื. ื”ืื•ืกืžืŸ.
00:51
But what Housman understood,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืื•ืกืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
00:53
and you hear it in the symphonies of Nielsen too,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืœืกืŸ,
00:57
was that the long, hot, silvan summers
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื
01:01
of stability of the 19th century
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19
01:03
were coming to a close,
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ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืœืกื™ื•ืžื,
01:05
and that we were about to move
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ื•ืฉืขืžื“ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
01:07
into one of those terrifying periods of history
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ืœืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
01:09
when power changes.
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื— ืžืฉืชื ื”.
01:11
And these are always periods, ladies and gentlemen,
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
01:13
accompanied by turbulence,
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ืฉืžืœื•ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช,
01:16
and all too often by blood.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ื.
01:18
And my message for you
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ื•ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื™ ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื
01:20
is that I believe we are condemned, if you like,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ืื ื›ืš ืชืจืฆื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื”,
01:22
to live at just one of those moments in history
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ืจื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
01:25
when the gimbals upon which
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ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฉืชืช
01:27
the established order of power is beginning to change
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ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
01:30
and the new look of the world,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
01:32
the new powers that exist in the world,
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ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:35
are beginning to take form.
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฆื•ืจื”.
01:37
And these are -- and we see it very clearly today --
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ื•ืืœื• ื–ืžื ื™ื - ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:40
nearly always highly turbulent times, highly difficult times,
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ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ ืชื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช,
01:43
and all too often very bloody times.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื.
01:45
By the way, it happens about once every century.
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ื“"ื, ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ืžืื”.
01:48
You might argue that the last time it happened --
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื”,
01:50
and that's what Housman felt coming and what Churchill felt too --
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืื•ืกืžืŸ ื•ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื’ื,
01:53
was that when power passed from the old nations,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื— ืžื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช,
01:56
the old powers of Europe,
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ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
01:58
across the Atlantic to the new emerging power
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœืื ื˜ื™ ืืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
02:00
of the United States of America --
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ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช -
02:02
the beginning of the American century.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช.
02:04
And of course, into the vacuum
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื•ืืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
02:06
where the too-old European powers used to be
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ื—ืœืฉื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช
02:09
were played the two bloody catastrophes
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ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืงื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื
02:12
of the last century --
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช
02:14
the one in the first part and the one in the second part: the two great World Wars.
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ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืฉื ื™: ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:17
Mao Zedong used to refer to them as the European civil wars,
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ืžืื• ื“ื–ื”-ื“ื•ื ื’ ืงืจื ืœื”ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช.
02:20
and it's probably a more accurate way of describing them.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
02:23
Well, ladies and gentlemen,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
02:25
we live at one of those times.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื”.
02:27
But for us, I want to talk about three factors today.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื.
02:30
And the first of these, the first two of these,
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ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
02:33
is about a shift in power.
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ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ื›ื—.
02:35
And the second is about some new dimension which I want to refer to,
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•,
02:38
which has never quite happened in the way it's happening now.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:41
But let's talk about the shifts of power that are occurring to the world.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื— ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:44
And what is happening today
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:46
is, in one sense, frightening
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืคื—ื™ื“
02:48
because it's never happened before.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:51
We have seen lateral shifts of power --
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื›ื— ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“:
02:53
the power of Greece passed to Rome
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ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืจื•ืžื,
02:56
and the power shifts that occurred
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ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื— ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•
02:58
during the European civilizations --
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช.
03:01
but we are seeing something slightly different.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”.
03:03
For power is not just moving laterally
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ื”ื›ื— ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื–ื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:05
from nation to nation.
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ืžืื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืžื”.
03:07
It's also moving vertically.
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ื”ื›ื— ื ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื ื›ื™ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืง.
03:09
What's happening today is that the power that was encased,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ืŸ,
03:12
held to accountability, held to the rule of law,
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ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ืข"ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืข"ื™ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
03:15
within the institution of the nation state
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืœืื•ื
03:18
has now migrated in very large measure onto the global stage.
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ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
03:21
The globalization of power --
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ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื—
03:23
we talk about the globalization of markets,
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ืื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืฉื•ืง
03:25
but actually it's the globalization of real power.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื— ืืžื™ืชื™.
03:29
And where, at the nation state level
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
03:31
that power is held to accountability
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ืื•ืชื• ื›ื— ื”ื™ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
03:33
subject to the rule of law,
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ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
03:35
on the international stage it is not.
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ื‘ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื”.
03:38
The international stage and the global stage where power now resides:
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ื”ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื— ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
03:41
the power of the Internet, the power of the satellite broadcasters,
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ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื›ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ,
03:44
the power of the money changers --
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ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ื
03:47
this vast money-go-round
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืขืฆื•ื
03:49
that circulates now 32 times the amount of money necessary
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ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™ 32 ืžื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ
03:53
for the trade it's supposed to be there to finance --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืžืžืŸ
03:56
the money changers, if you like,
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ื—ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ื, ืื ืชืจืฆื•,
03:58
the financial speculators
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ืื•ืชื ืกืคื•ืงืœื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื
04:00
that have brought us all to our knees quite recently,
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ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง,
04:03
the power of the multinational corporations
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ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
04:05
now developing budgets
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื
04:08
often bigger than medium-sized countries.
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ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
04:10
These live in a global space
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ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
04:12
which is largely unregulated,
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ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืกื“ืจ,
04:14
not subject to the rule of law,
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
04:17
and in which people may act free of constraint.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
04:19
Now that suits the powerful
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืจื”
04:22
up to a moment.
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ืขื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
04:24
It's always suitable for those who have the most power
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื—
04:27
to operate in spaces without constraint,
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ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช,
04:30
but the lesson of history is that, sooner or later,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื‘ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
04:33
unregulated space --
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ืจ,
04:35
space not subject to the rule of law --
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง
04:37
becomes populated, not just by the things you wanted --
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ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื:
04:40
international trade, the Internet, etc. --
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ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื›ื•'.
04:42
but also by the things you don't want --
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ืืœื ื’ื ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื:
04:44
international criminality, international terrorism.
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ืคืฉืข ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™, ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™.
04:47
The revelation of 9/11
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ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ
04:49
is that even if you are the most powerful nation on earth,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื ืื ืืชื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:54
nevertheless,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
04:57
those who inhabit that space can attack you
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ืืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืš
04:59
even in your most iconic of cities
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืŸ ืกืžืœื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืš
05:01
one bright September morning.
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.
05:03
It's said that something like 60 percent
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
05:05
of the four million dollars that was taken to fund 9/11
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ืžืืจื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื”-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ
05:08
actually passed through the institutions of the Twin Towers
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ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื
05:11
which 9/11 destroyed.
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ืื•ืชื ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื”ืชืงืคื”.
05:13
You see, our enemies also use this space --
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ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
05:15
the space of mass travel, the Internet, satellite broadcasters --
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ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ,
05:18
to be able to get around their poison,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืขืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
05:21
which is about destroying our systems and our ways.
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ืฉืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:24
Sooner or later,
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ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื‘ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
05:26
sooner or later,
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ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื‘ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
05:28
the rule of history
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™
05:30
is that where power goes
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ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื— ื”ื•ืœืš
05:32
governance must follow.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื’ื ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ืกื“ืจ.
05:35
And if it is therefore the case, as I believe it is,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ,
05:37
that one of the phenomenon of our time
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ืฉืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•
05:39
is the globalization of power,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื—,
05:41
then it follows that one of the challenges of our time
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•
05:44
is to bring governance to the global space.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ.
05:47
And I believe that the decades ahead of us now
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•
05:50
will be to a greater or lesser extent turbulent
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ื™ื”ื™ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืกื•ืขืจื™ื
05:54
the more or less we are able to achieve that aim:
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ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”:
05:57
to bring governance to the global space.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ืกื“ืจ ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
05:59
Now notice, I'm not talking about government.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง - ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืžืฉืœื”.
06:01
I'm not talking about setting up
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช
06:03
some global democratic institution.
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ืžื•ืกื“ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™.
06:06
My own view, by the way, ladies and gentlemen,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
06:08
is that this is unlikely to be done
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ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”
06:10
by spawning more U.N. institutions.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืข"ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื•"ื.
06:12
If we didn't have the U.N., we'd have to invent it.
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ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื•"ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
06:14
The world needs an international forum.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืคื•ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ื "ืœ.
06:16
It needs a means by which you can legitimize international action.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
06:20
But when it comes to governance of the global space,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
06:22
my guess is this won't happen
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”
06:25
through the creation of more U.N. institutions.
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ืข"ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืื•"ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
06:27
It will actually happen by the powerful coming together
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ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื
06:30
and making treaty-based systems,
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ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช,
06:32
treaty-based agreements,
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ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช,
06:34
to govern that global space.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืžืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
06:36
And if you look, you can see them happening, already beginning to emerge.
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
06:39
The World Trade Organization: treaty-based organization,
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช,
06:42
entirely treaty-based,
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ื‘ื›ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช,
06:44
and yet, powerful enough to hold even the most powerful, the United States,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื–ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘
06:47
to account if necessary.
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ืœืชืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ.
06:49
Kyoto: the beginnings of struggling to create
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ืงื™ื•ื˜ื• ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
06:51
a treaty-based organization.
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช.
06:53
The G20:
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ื”-G20:
06:55
we know now that we have to put together an institution
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืกื“
06:57
which is capable of bringing governance
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ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช
06:59
to that financial space for financial speculation.
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ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื•ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกืคื•ืงืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช.
07:02
And that's what the G20 is, a treaty-based institution.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”-G20, ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืืžื ื•ืช.
07:05
Now there's a problem there,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืคื”,
07:07
and we'll come back to it in a minute,
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ื•ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”,
07:09
which is that if you bring the most powerful together
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:12
to make the rules in treaty-based institutions,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืืžื ื•ืช,
07:14
to fill that governance space,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
07:17
then what happens to the weak who are left out?
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ื”ื™ื: ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื—ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืœืืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืžื ื”?
07:20
And that's a big problem,
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ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
07:22
and we'll return to it in just a second.
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ื•ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”.
07:24
So there's my first message,
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ืื– ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื,
07:26
that if you are to pass through these turbulent times
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ืฉืื ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:29
more or less turbulently,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื•ืขืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช,
07:32
then our success in doing that
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ืื– ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช
07:34
will in large measure depend on our capacity
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
07:36
to bring sensible governance
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
07:38
to the global space.
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ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
07:40
And watch that beginning to happen.
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
07:43
My second point is,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื,
07:45
and I know I don't have to talk to an audience like this
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš
07:47
about such a thing,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
07:49
but power is not just shifting vertically,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื— ื–ื– ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื ื›ื™ืช, ืžื’ื•ืจื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
07:52
it's also shifting horizontally.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ืช.
07:54
You might argue that the story, the history of civilizations,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช,
07:57
has been civilizations gathered around seas --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื,
08:00
with the first ones around the Mediterranean,
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ื›ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:03
the more recent ones in the ascendents of Western power around the Atlantic.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
08:07
Well it seems to me
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™
08:09
that we're now seeing a fundamental shift of power, broadly speaking,
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ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื—, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ืช,
08:12
away from nations gathered around the Atlantic [seaboard]
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ืžื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™
08:15
to the nations gathered around the Pacific rim.
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ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืฆืื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
08:17
Now that begins with economic power,
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื›ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™,
08:19
but that's the way it always begins.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืชืžื™ื“.
08:21
You already begin to see the development of foreign policies,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
08:24
the augmentation of military budgets
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ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื
08:26
occurring in the other growing powers in the world.
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:29
I think actually
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”
08:31
this is not so much a shift from the West to the East;
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื–ืช ื›ื— ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืžื–ืจื—.
08:33
something different is happening.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืงื•ืจื”.
08:35
My guess is, for what it's worth,
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ื”ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื,
08:37
is that the United States will remain
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ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ืชืฉืืจ
08:39
the most powerful nation on earth
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ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:41
for the next 10 years, 15,
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ืœ-10 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ 15,
08:44
but the context in which she holds her power
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ื— ืฉืœื”
08:47
has now radically altered; it has radically changed.
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ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื›ื— ืฉืœื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
08:50
We are coming out of 50 years,
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ 50 ืฉื ื™ื,
08:52
most unusual years, of history
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ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
08:54
in which we have had a totally mono-polar world,
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
08:57
in which every compass needle
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ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืžื—ื˜ ืžืฆืคืŸ
08:59
for or against
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ื‘ืขื“ ืื• ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•
09:01
has to be referenced by its position to Washington --
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืžื“ื“ ืข"ื™ ื™ื—ืกื” ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ -
09:04
a world bestrode by a single colossus.
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ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ ืข"ื™ ืขื ืง ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“.
09:08
But that's not a usual case in history.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืงืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
09:10
In fact, what's now emerging
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
09:12
is the much more normal case of history.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
09:14
You're beginning to see the emergence
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื•
09:16
of a multi-polar world.
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ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™.
09:18
Up until now,
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:20
the United States has been the dominant feature of our world.
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื— ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื•.
09:23
They will remain the most powerful nation,
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ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:25
but they will be the most powerful nation
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื”
09:27
in an increasingly multi-polar world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื‘-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™.
09:29
And you begin to see the alternative centers of power building up --
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื›ื— ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ,
09:32
in China, of course,
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
09:34
though my own guess is that China's ascent to greatness is not smooth.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืงื”.
09:37
It's going to be quite grumpy
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคืช ืžื”ืžื•ืจื•ืช
09:39
as China begins to democratize her society
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ื›ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช
09:41
after liberalizing her economy.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœืชื”.
09:43
But that's a subject of a different discussion.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
09:46
You see India, you see Brazil.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
09:48
You see increasingly
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช
09:50
that the world now looks actually, for us Europeans,
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื
09:53
much more like Europe in the 19th century.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19.
09:56
Europe in the 19th century:
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ืื•ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
09:58
a great British foreign secretary, Lord Canning,
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ืฉืฉืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ืฆ'ืื ื™ื ื’,
10:00
used to describe it as the "European concert of powers."
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ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื” ื›"ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™".
10:03
There was a balance, a five-sided balance.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืื–ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ 5 ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
10:05
Britain always played to the balance.
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ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช.
10:08
If Paris got together with Berlin,
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ืื ืคืืจื™ืก ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ,
10:10
Britain got together with Vienna and Rome to provide a counterbalance.
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ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื•ื™ื ื” ื•ืจื•ืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืžืฉืงืœ ื ื’ื“.
10:13
Now notice,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘,
10:15
in a period which is dominated by a mono-polar world,
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ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™,
10:17
you have fixed alliances --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช:
10:19
NATO, the Warsaw Pact.
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ื ืื˜"ื•, ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืจืฉื”.
10:21
A fixed polarity of power
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ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ื— ืงื‘ื•ืขื”
10:23
means fixed alliances.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
10:25
But a multiple polarity of power
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘-ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™
10:27
means shifting and changing alliances.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
10:29
And that's the world we're coming into,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื™ื• ืื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื,
10:31
in which we will increasingly see
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:33
that our alliances are not fixed.
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ืฉื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
10:35
Canning, the great British foreign secretary once said,
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ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืงืื ื™ื ื’, ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืžืจ ืคืขื,
10:37
"Britain has a common interest,
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"ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ,
10:39
but no common allies."
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื."
10:41
And we will see increasingly
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ื•ืื ื• ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจ
10:43
that even we in the West
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื‘
10:45
will reach out, have to reach out,
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ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
10:47
beyond the cozy circle of the Atlantic powers
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื ื— ืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ื•ืช
10:49
to make alliances with others
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ืข"ืž ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื
10:51
if we want to get things done in the world.
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ืื ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
10:54
Note, that when we went into Libya,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืชืงืคื ื• ื‘ืœื•ื‘,
10:56
it was not good enough for the West to do it alone;
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“.
10:58
we had to bring others in.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:00
We had to bring, in this case, the Arab League in.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
11:03
My guess is Iraq and Afghanistan are the last times
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ื”ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื™ืจืง ื”ื™ื• ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
11:06
when the West has tried to do it themselves,
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื“,
11:08
and we haven't succeeded.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•.
11:10
My guess
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
11:12
is that we're reaching the beginning of the end of 400 years --
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืช 400 ืฉื ื™ื,
11:15
I say 400 years because it's the end of the Ottoman Empire --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ 400 ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืช'ืžื ื™ืช,
11:18
of the hegemony of Western power,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืžื•ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช,
11:20
Western institutions and Western values.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื.
11:24
You know, up until now, if the West got its act together,
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉื™ื ืก ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื,
11:27
it could propose and dispose
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืข ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช
11:29
in every corner of the world.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ.
11:31
But that's no longer true.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:33
Take the last financial crisis
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
11:35
after the Second World War.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ื”"ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
11:37
The West got together --
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ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืชืื—ื“:
11:39
the Bretton Woods Institution, World Bank, International Monetary Fund --
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ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืŸ-ื•ื•ื“ืก ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืงืžื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื•: ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื "ืœ
11:42
the problem solved.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืคืชืจื”.
11:44
Now we have to call in others.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:46
Now we have to create the G20.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”-G20.
11:48
Now we have to reach beyond the cozy circle
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื ื•ื—
11:50
of our Western friends.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื‘.
11:52
Let me make a prediction for you,
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
11:54
which is probably even more startling.
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“.
11:57
I suspect we are now reaching the end
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื”
12:00
of 400 years
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ื‘ืช 400 ืฉื ื™ื
12:02
when Western power was enough.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง.
12:04
People say to me, "The Chinese, of course,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ "ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
12:06
they'll never get themselves involved
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืขืจื‘ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื
12:08
in peace-making, multilateral peace-making around the world."
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ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื, ื‘ืžื•"ืžื™ื ืจื‘ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
12:10
Oh yes? Why not?
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ื•ืœืžื” ืœื?
12:12
How many Chinese troops
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืกื™ื ื™ื
12:14
are serving under the blue beret, serving under the blue flag,
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ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืžืชื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื”, ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ,
12:16
serving under the U.N. command in the world today?
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ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ืื•"ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื?
12:18
3,700.
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3,700.
12:20
How many Americans? 11.
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ื›ืžื” ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื? 11.
12:23
What is the largest naval contingent
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื›ื— ื”ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:25
tackling the issue of Somali pirates?
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ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืžืืœื™ื™ื?
12:28
The Chinese naval contingent.
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ื”ื›ื— ื”ื™ืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื ื™.
12:30
Of course they are, they are a mercantilist nation.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื ืื•ืžื” ืกื•ื—ืจืช.
12:32
They want to keep the sea lanes open.
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ื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
12:34
Increasingly, we are going to have to do business
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื™ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
12:37
with people with whom we do not share values,
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ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื,
12:40
but with whom, for the moment, we share common interests.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืื™ืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื•ืœื• ืœืจื’ืข, ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
12:43
It's a whole new different way
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
12:45
of looking at the world that is now emerging.
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ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฆืฅ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•.
12:48
And here's the third factor,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
12:50
which is totally different.
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ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
12:53
Today in our modern world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
12:55
because of the Internet,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
12:57
because of the kinds of things people have been talking about here,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืคื”,
13:00
everything is connected to everything.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ืœ.
13:04
We are now interdependent.
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ืื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™.
13:06
We are now interlocked,
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
13:08
as nations, as individuals,
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ื›ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ืคืจื˜ื™ื,
13:10
in a way which has never been the case before,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื•ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
13:12
never been the case before.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืจืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
13:15
The interrelationship of nations,
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
13:17
well it's always existed.
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ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
13:19
Diplomacy is about managing the interrelationship of nations.
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ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
13:22
But now we are intimately locked together.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
13:24
You get swine flu in Mexico,
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ืื ืžืชืคืจืฆืช ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
13:26
it's a problem for Charles de Gaulle Airport
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืคืืจื™ืก
13:28
24 hours later.
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24 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:30
Lehman Brothers goes down, the whole lot collapses.
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ืœื™ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื“ืจืก ืคื•ืฉื˜ืช ืจื’ืœ - ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜.
13:33
There are fires in the steppes of Russia,
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ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”
13:36
food riots in Africa.
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
13:38
We are all now deeply, deeply, deeply interconnected.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:42
And what that means
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
13:45
is the idea of a nation state acting alone,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืœืคื™ื” ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœื‘ื“ื”,
13:49
not connected with others,
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
13:51
not working with others,
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ืœืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื,
13:53
is no longer a viable proposition.
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ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:55
Because the actions of a nation state
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช
13:58
are neither confined to itself,
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ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœื”,
14:00
nor is it sufficient for the nation state itself
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืžื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื”
14:02
to control its own territory,
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ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื”,
14:04
because the effects outside the nation state
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
14:07
are now beginning to affect what happens inside them.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
14:10
I was a young soldier
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
14:12
in the last of the small empire wars of Britain.
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื ืœื—ืžื” ื›ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื”.
14:16
At that time, the defense of my country
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
14:18
was about one thing and one thing only:
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ื ืฉืื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“:
14:21
how strong was our army, how strong was our air force,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
14:24
how strong was our navy and how strong were our allies.
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ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ื ื•.
14:26
That was when the enemy was outside the walls.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.
14:28
Now the enemy is inside the walls.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
14:31
Now if I want to talk about the defense of my country,
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
14:33
I have to speak to the Minister of Health
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
14:35
because pandemic disease is a threat to my security,
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ื›ื™ ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™,
14:38
I have to speak to the Minister of Agriculture
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
14:40
because food security is a threat to my security,
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ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™,
14:42
I have to speak to the Minister of Industry
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžืกื—ืจ
14:46
because the fragility of our hi-tech infrastructure
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ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ืฉืœื ื•
14:49
is now a point of attack for our enemies --
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ืฉืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ
14:51
as we see from cyber warfare --
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ืžืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ.
14:53
I have to speak to the Minister of Home Affairs
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื
14:56
because who has entered my country,
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ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
14:58
who lives in that terraced house in that inner city
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ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืขืจื™ื
15:01
has a direct effect on what happens in my country --
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
15:03
as we in London saw in the 7/7 bombings.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005.
15:07
It's no longer the case that the security of a country
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ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
15:10
is simply a matter for its soldiers and its ministry of defense.
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ื ืžื“ื“ ืข"ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
15:13
It's its capacity to lock together its institutions.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืขื”.
15:16
And this tells you something very important.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
15:19
It tells you that, in fact,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
15:21
our governments, vertically constructed,
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ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”,
15:24
constructed on the economic model of the Industrial Revolution --
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ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช -
15:26
vertical hierarchy, specialization of tasks,
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ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช,
15:29
command structures --
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ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช,
15:31
have got the wrong structures completely.
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ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
15:33
You in business know
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
15:35
that the paradigm structure of our time, ladies and gentlemen,
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ืฉื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
15:37
is the network.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฉืช.
15:39
It's your capacity to network that matters,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืชื— ืจืฉืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืขื”,
15:41
both within your governments and externally.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื•ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืชื™ื›ื.
15:44
So here is Ashdown's third law.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื—ื•ืง ืืฉื“ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
15:46
By the way, don't ask me about Ashdown's first law and second law
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ืืœ ืชืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืืฉื“ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™
15:49
because I haven't invented those yet;
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ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื•ืชื.
15:51
it always sounds better if there's a third law, doesn't it?
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืžืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืœื?
15:53
Ashdown's third law is that in the modern age,
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ื—ื•ืง ืืฉื“ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
15:56
where everything is connected to everything,
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ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื›ืœ,
15:58
the most important thing about what you can do
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
16:01
is what you can do with others.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื.
16:03
The most important bit about your structure --
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
16:05
whether you're a government, whether you're an army regiment,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืืชื ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื’ื“ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืื™,
16:07
whether you're a business --
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ืื• ืื ืืชื ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื,
16:09
is your docking points, your interconnectors,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงื” ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
16:11
your capacity to network with others.
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคืชื— ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื.
16:13
You understand that in industry;
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ืืชื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
16:15
governments don't.
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื.
16:18
But now one final thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
16:20
If it is the case, ladies and gentlemen -- and it is --
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ืื ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื”, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื”,
16:23
that we are now locked together
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ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™
16:25
in a way that has never been quite the same before,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืืชื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
16:27
then it's also the case that we share a destiny with each other.
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ืื– ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
16:31
Suddenly and for the very first time,
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
16:34
collective defense, the thing that has dominated us
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜
16:37
as the concept of securing our nations,
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ื›ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
16:39
is no longer enough.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง.
16:41
It used to be the case
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ืš
16:43
that if my tribe was more powerful than their tribe, I was safe;
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ืฉืื ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœืš. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
16:45
if my country was more powerful than their country, I was safe;
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ืื ืืจืฆื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจืฆืš, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
16:48
my alliance, like NATO, was more powerful than their alliance, I was safe.
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ืื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ืื˜"ื•, ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœืš, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
16:51
It is no longer the case.
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืžืงืจื”.
16:53
The advent of the interconnectedness
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ื”ื•ืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื”
16:56
and of the weapons of mass destruction
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช
16:58
means that, increasingly,
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:00
I share a destiny with my enemy.
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ื’ื•ืจืœื™ ืฉืœื™ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™.
17:02
When I was a diplomat
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื™ ื›ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜
17:04
negotiating the disarmament treaties with the Soviet Union
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ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื•"ืž ืขื ื‘ืจื”"ืž ืขืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืจื•ืง ื ืฉืง
17:07
in Geneva in the 1970s,
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ื‘ื–'ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70,
17:09
we succeeded because we understood
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื•
17:11
we shared a destiny with them.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื”ื.
17:13
Collective security is not enough.
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ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง.
17:16
Peace has come to Northern Ireland
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื”ืกื›ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื
17:18
because both sides realized that the zero-sum game couldn't work.
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ื›ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืกื›ื•ื-ืืคืก ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
17:21
They shared a destiny with their enemies.
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ื”ื ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœื ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื.
17:24
One of the great barriers to peace in the Middle East
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
17:26
is that both sides, both Israel and, I think, the Palestinians,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืื™ื,
17:29
do not understand
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ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
17:31
that they share a collective destiny.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืœื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
17:34
And so suddenly, ladies and gentlemen,
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ื•ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื”, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
17:36
what has been the proposition
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืžื
17:38
of visionaries and poets down the ages
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
17:41
becomes something we have to take seriously
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
17:43
as a matter of public policy.
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ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
17:45
I started with a poem, I'll end with one.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ืฉื™ืจ, ื•ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืื—ื“.
17:48
The great poem of John Donne's.
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ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ.
17:51
"Send not for whom the bell tolls."
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"ืืœ ืชืฉืืœ ืœืžื™ ืฆืœืฆืœื• ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื."
17:55
The poem is called "No Man is an Island."
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ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื ืงืจื ื’ื "ืฉื•ื ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืื™."
17:57
And it goes:
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš:
17:59
"Every man's death affected me,
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ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžืคื—ืช ื‘ื™,
18:02
for I am involved in mankind,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ืจื’ ื‘ื’ื–ืข ื”ืื“ื,
18:04
send not to ask
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืฉืœื—
18:06
for whom the bell tolls,
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืžื™ ืฆืœืฆืœื• ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื,
18:08
it tolls for thee."
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ืœืš ื”ื ืžืฆืœืฆืœื™ื."
18:10
For John Donne, a recommendation of morality.
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ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช, ืข"ืค ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ.
18:13
For us, I think,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ืขื ื–ืืช,
18:15
part of the equation for our survival.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
18:18
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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