Johanna Blakely: Lessons from fashion's free culture

202,691 views ใƒป 2010-05-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gabriela Elazar ืžื‘ืงืจ: Amit segal
00:16
I heard this amazing story about Miuccia Prada.
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื•ืฆ'ื” ืคืจืื“ื”.
00:18
She's an Italian fashion designer.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช.
00:20
She goes to this vintage store in Paris
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื‘ืคืจื™ื–
00:22
with a friend of hers.
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ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื”.
00:24
She's rooting around, she finds this one jacket by Balenciaga --
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ื”ื–'ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืœื ืกื™ืื’ื”.
00:28
she loves it.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” ืขืœื™ื•.
00:30
She's turning it inside out.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื•.
00:32
She's looking at the seams. She's looking at the construction.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืจื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื–ืจื”.
00:35
Her friend says, "Buy it already."
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื” "ื ื•, ืงื ื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ!".
00:37
She said, "I'll buy it, but I'm also going to replicate it."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ืืงื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืืขืชื™ืง ืื•ืชื•"
00:42
Now, the academics in this audience may think,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
00:45
"Well, that sounds like plagiarism."
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"ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช"
00:47
But to a fashionista, what it really is
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ "ืคืฉื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื”" ื™ืจืื” ื‘ื–ื”
00:49
is a sign of Prada's genius:
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ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื’ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจืื“ื”,
00:51
that she can root through the history of fashion
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
00:53
and pick the one jacket
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ื•ืœื”ืจื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–'ืืงื˜
00:55
that doesn't need to be changed by one iota,
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
00:57
and to be current and to be now.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™.
01:00
You might also be asking whether it's possible
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ืื ื™ืชื›ืŸ
01:03
that this is illegal for her to do this.
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ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™?
01:06
Well, it turns out that it's actually not illegal.
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ื”ืืžืช, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™
01:09
In the fashion industry, there's very little
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“
01:11
intellectual property protection.
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™
01:14
They have trademark protection,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ,
01:16
but no copyright protection
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
01:18
and no patent protection to speak of.
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ื•ืฉื•ื ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื.
01:21
All they have, really, is trademark protection,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจืง ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™.
01:23
and so it means that anybody
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“
01:25
could copy any garment
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“
01:27
on any person in this room
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
01:29
and sell it as their own design.
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ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•.
01:31
The only thing that they can't copy
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง
01:33
is the actual trademark label
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื’ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืขืฆืžื•
01:35
within that piece of apparel.
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ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื’ื“.
01:37
That's one reason that you see logos
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื•ืื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:39
splattered all over these products.
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ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:41
It's because it's a lot harder for knock-off artists
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ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืœืื•ืžื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืืœื”
01:43
to knock off these designs
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ืœื—ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:45
because they can't knock off the logo.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื•.
01:48
But if you go to Santee Alley, yeah.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืœื›ื• ืœืกื ื˜ื™ ืืœื™ (ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก )
01:51
(Laughter) Well, yeah.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืŸ.
01:53
Canal Street, I know.
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ืงืื ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช.
01:55
And sometimes these are fun, right?
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:57
Now, the reason for this, the reason that the fashion industry
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
02:00
doesn't have any copyright protection
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ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
02:02
is because the courts decided long ago
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ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
02:05
that apparel is too utilitarian
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ืฉื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืžื“ื™
02:07
to qualify for copyright protection.
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ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
02:09
They didn't want a handful of designers
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืฉืœืงื•ืžืฅ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
02:11
owning the seminal building blocks of our clothing.
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ืชื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:14
And then everybody else would have to license this cuff or this sleeve
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืคืช ืื• ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
02:17
because Joe Blow owns it.
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืคืœื•ื ื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.
02:21
But too utilitarian? I mean is that the way you think of fashion?
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ืื‘ืœ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืžื“ื™? ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื ื›ืš ืืชื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืื•ืคื ื”?
02:24
This is Vivienne Westwood. No!
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ื–ื• ื•ื™ื•ื™ืืŸ ื•ืกื˜ื•ื•ื“. ืœื!!
02:27
We think of it as maybe too silly,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื˜ืคืฉื™ ืžื“ื™,
02:29
too unnecessary.
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ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื ื—ื•ืฅ.
02:31
Now, those of you who are familiar with the logic
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ืืœื” ืžื›ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ
02:33
behind copyright protection --
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
02:35
which is that without ownership, there is no incentive to innovate --
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ืœืคื™ื• ืœืœื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
02:38
might be really surprised
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื
02:40
by both the critical success of the fashion industry
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ืžื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
02:43
and the economic success of this industry.
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ื•ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ื•.
02:46
What I'm going to argue today is that
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื
02:48
because there's no copyright protection
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ืฉืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
02:50
in the fashion industry,
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืคื ื”,
02:52
fashion designers have actually been able to elevate
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืจื•ืžื
02:55
utilitarian design,
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชื•ืขืœืชื ื™,
02:57
things to cover our naked bodies,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•,
02:59
into something that we consider art.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
03:01
Because there's no copyright protection
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
03:03
in this industry,
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ื•,
03:05
there's a very open and creative
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ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ
03:07
ecology of creativity.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช.
03:09
Unlike their creative brothers and sisters,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื—ื™ื”ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ืชื™ื™ื,
03:11
who are sculptors or photographers
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ืคืกืœื™ื ืื• ืฆืœืžื™ื
03:14
or filmmakers or musicians,
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ื‘ืžืื™ื ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื
03:17
fashion designers can sample
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื’ื•ื
03:19
from all their peers' designs.
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื”ื.
03:21
They can take any element from any garment
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“
03:23
from the history of fashion
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ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
03:25
and incorporate it into their own design.
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ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
03:27
They're also notorious for riffing off of the zeitgeist.
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:30
And here, I suspect,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“ืช,
03:32
they were influenced by the costumes in Avatar.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘"ืื•ื•ื˜ืืจ"
03:35
Maybe just a little.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืจืง ืงืฆืช.
03:37
Can't copyright a costume either.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช.
03:39
Now, fashion designers have
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ืœืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”
03:41
the broadest palette imaginable
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:43
in this creative industry.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ื–ื•.
03:45
This wedding dress here
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ืฉืžืœืช ื›ืœื” ื–ื•
03:47
is actually made of sporks,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื›ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื–ืœื’ื•ืช.
03:50
and this dress is actually made of aluminum.
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ื•ืฉืžืœื” ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื.
03:53
I've heard this dress actually sort of sounds like wind chimes
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืฉืžืœื” ื–ื• ื ืฉืžืขืช ื›ืžื• ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ ืจื•ื—
03:55
as they walk through.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
03:57
So, one of the magical side effects
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ื›ืš ืฉืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืงืกื•ืžื•ืช
03:59
of having a culture of copying,
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ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืชืงื™ื
04:01
which is really what it is,
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ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:03
is the establishment of trends.
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ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื.
04:05
People think this is a magical thing. How does it happen?
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืกื•ื. ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
04:07
Well, it's because it's legal for people to copy one another.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืงื™.
04:10
Some people believe that
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ
04:12
there are a few people at the top of the fashion food chain
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ืฉืžืขื˜ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
04:15
who sort of dictate to us what we're all going to wear,
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ื•ื”ื ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื” ื ืœื‘ืฉ.
04:18
but if you talk to any designer at any level,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืžืขืฆื‘, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืžื”,
04:20
including these high-end designers,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™-ืขืœ ืืœื”,
04:22
they always say
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ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•
04:24
their main inspiration comes from the street:
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ืฉื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘,
04:26
where people like you and me remix and match
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ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื• ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื
04:28
our own fashion looks.
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ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
04:30
And that's where they really get a lot of their
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื
04:32
creative inspiration,
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ืืช ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:35
so it's both a top-down and a bottom-up kind of industry.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”-ืžื˜ื” ื•ืžื˜ื”-ืžืขืœื”.
04:39
Now, the fast fashion giants have
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ืขื ืงื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
04:41
probably benefited the most
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”
04:43
from the lack of copyright protection in the fashion industry.
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ืžื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”.
04:46
They are notorious for knocking off high-end designs
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ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืคื ืช ืขืœื™ืช
04:49
and selling them at very low prices.
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ื”ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื.
04:51
And they've been faced with a lot of lawsuits,
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ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื ื’ื“ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช,
04:54
but those lawsuits are usually not won by fashion designers.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘, ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”.
04:57
The courts have said over and over again, "You don't need
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื,
04:59
any more intellectual property protection."
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"ืืชื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™"
05:02
When you look at copies like this,
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ื›ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืขืชืงื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
05:05
you wonder: How do the luxury high-end brands
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœืชื”ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื
05:07
remain in business?
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ืœื ืคื•ืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ?
05:09
If you can get it for 200 bucks, why pay a thousand?
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ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘-200 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืœืžื” ืœืฉืœื ืืœืฃ?
05:12
Well, that's one reason we had a conference here at USC a few years ago.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขืจื›ื ื• ื›ื ืก, ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื“ืจื•ื ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
05:15
We invited Tom Ford to come --
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ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืืช ื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืจื“.
05:17
the conference was called, "Ready to Share:
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ืฉื ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ื™ื”: "ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ:
05:19
Fashion and the Ownership of Creativity" --
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ืื•ืคื ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช"
05:22
and we asked him exactly this question.
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ืฉืืœื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:24
Here's what he had to say.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื”.
05:26
He had just come off a successful stint as the lead designer at Gucci,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื™ื™ื ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ืืฆืœ ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™,
05:29
in case you didn't know.
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ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื.
05:31
Tom Ford: And we found after much research
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ื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืจื“: "ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง
05:34
that -- actually not much research, quite simple research --
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžืื•ื“, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
05:36
that the counterfeit customer was not our customer.
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ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•"
05:39
Johanna Blakley: Imagine that.
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ื’'ื•ืื ื” ื‘ืœืงืœื™: "ืชืืจื• ืœื›ื...
05:41
The people on Santee Alley
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘"ืกื ื˜ื™ ืืœื™"
05:43
are not the ones who shop at Gucci.
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฆ'ื™."
05:45
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:48
This is a very different demographic.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”.
05:52
And, you know, a knock-off is never the same
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ื•ื”ืขืชืง ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”
05:55
as an original high-end design,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™,
05:58
at least in terms of the materials; they're always made of cheaper materials.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ื”ื”ืขืชืงื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:01
But even sometimes a cheaper version
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืขืชืง ื”ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:04
can actually have some charming aspects,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื—ืžื“,
06:06
can breathe a little extra life into a dying trend.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื’ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื ืขืœืžืช,
06:10
There's lots of virtues of copying.
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ืœื”ืขืชืงื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
06:12
One that a lot of cultural critics have pointed to
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ืื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืžื‘ืงืจื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื
06:15
is that we now have
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขืชื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
06:17
a much broader palette
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ื›ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘
06:19
of design choices to choose from than we ever have before,
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ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ.
06:22
and this is mainly because of the fast fashion industry, actually.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”.
06:25
And this is a good thing. We need lots of options.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:27
Fashion, whether you like it or not,
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ืื•ืคื ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืื• ืœื,
06:29
helps you project who you are to the world.
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ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•.
06:33
Because of fast fashion,
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”,
06:35
global trends actually get established much more quickly than they used to.
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ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
06:38
And this, actually, is good news to trendsetters;
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ื•ืืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช.
06:41
they want trends to be set
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื’ืžื•ืช
06:43
so that they can move product.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
06:46
For fashionistas,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”"ืคืฉื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื",
06:48
they want to stay ahead of the curve.
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ื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื’ืœ.
06:50
They don't want to be wearing what everybody else is wearing.
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ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื.
06:53
And so, they want to move on to the next trend
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืื”
06:56
as soon as possible.
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ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
06:58
I tell you, there is no rest for the fashionable.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื, ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ื ื—ื™ื ืœืจื’ืข.
07:01
Every season, these designers have to struggle
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื”, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง
07:03
to come up with the new fabulous idea that everybody's going to love.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืื”ื‘ื•.
07:06
And this, let me tell you,
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ื•ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื,
07:08
is very good for the bottom line.
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ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”.
07:11
Now of course, there's a bunch of effects
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืชืงื•ืช
07:13
that this culture of copying has
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
07:15
on the creative process.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
07:17
And Stuart Weitzman is a very successful shoe designer.
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ืกื˜ื•ื™ืืจื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆื‘ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—.
07:19
He has complained a lot about people copying him,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื“ื’ืžื™ื•.
07:22
but in one interview I read,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืงืจืืชื™,
07:24
he said it has really forced him to up his game.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืœื•ืš.
07:27
He had to come up with new ideas,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
07:29
new things that would be hard to copy.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง.
07:31
He came up with this Bowden-wedge heel
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื–ื”, "ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื‘ืื•ื“ืŸ"
07:34
that has to be made out of steel or titanium;
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืคืœื“ื” ืื• ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื.
07:36
if you make it from some sort of cheaper material,
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ืื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:38
it'll actually crack in two.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืกื“ืง ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื.
07:40
It forced him to be a little more innovative. (Music)
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™.
07:43
And that actually reminded me
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™
07:45
of jazz great, Charlie Parker.
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ืืžืŸ ื’'ืื– ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฆ'ืจืœื™ ืคืืจืงืจ.
07:47
I don't know if you've heard this anecdote, but I have.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
07:50
He said that one of the reasons he invented bebop
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืค ื”ื™ืชื”
07:53
was that he was pretty sure
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
07:55
that white musicians wouldn't be able to replicate the sound. (Laughter)
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ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ.
08:01
He wanted to make it too difficult to copy,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื.
08:05
and that's what fashion designers are doing all the time.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:07
They're trying to put together
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ
08:09
a signature look, an aesthetic
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ืื™ื–ื• ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื™ื–ื• ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื”,
08:11
that reflects who they are.
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ืฉืชืฉืงืฃ ืื•ืชื.
08:13
When people knock it off, everybody knows
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
08:16
because they've put that look out on the runway,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ,
08:18
and it's a coherent aesthetic.
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ื•ื–ื• ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
08:22
I love these Gallianos.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ืื ื• ื”ืืœื”.
08:24
Okay, we'll move on. (Laughter)
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ืžืฉื™ืš.
08:26
This is not unlike the world of comedy.
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ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”.
08:29
I don't know if you know that jokes
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
08:31
also can't be copyright protected.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช.
08:33
So when one-liners were really popular,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช,
08:36
everybody stole them from one another.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™.
08:38
But now, we have a different kind of comic.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ.
08:40
They develop a persona,
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ื”ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืคืจืกื•ื ื”, ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืžื•ืช,
08:42
a signature style, much like fashion designers.
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ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”.
08:45
And their jokes,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
08:47
much like the fashion designs by a fashion designer,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืคื ื”,
08:49
really only work within that aesthetic.
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ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช.
08:51
If somebody steals a joke
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื’ื ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”
08:53
from Larry David, for instance,
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ืฉืœ ืœืืจื™ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืœืžืฉืœ,
08:55
it's not as funny.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”.
08:57
Now, the other thing that fashion designers have done
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ
08:59
to survive in this culture of copying
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืชืงื•ืช.
09:01
is they've learned how to copy themselves.
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ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืžืขืฆืžื.
09:03
They knock themselves off.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉื›ืคืœื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื”ื.
09:05
They make deals with the fast fashion giants
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืขื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”,
09:08
and they come up with a way to sell their product
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืฆืื• ื“ืจืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื”ื
09:10
to a whole new demographic:
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™,
09:12
the Santee Alley demographic.
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ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช "ืกื ื˜ื™ ืืœื™".
09:14
Now, some fashion designers will say,
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
09:17
"It's only in the United States that we don't have any respect.
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"ืจืง ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื’ื ื”, ืœื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
09:20
In other countries there is protection
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื ื”
09:22
for our artful designs."
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•".
09:25
But if you take a look at the two other biggest markets in the world,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
09:27
it turns out that the protection that's offered
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช
09:30
is really ineffectual.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”.
09:32
In Japan, for instance, which I think is the third largest market,
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ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื•,
09:35
they have a design law; it protects apparel,
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ืงื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืง ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ,
09:38
but the novelty standard is so high,
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ืืš ืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
09:40
you have to prove that your garment has never existed before,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ืชื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
09:43
it's totally unique.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•.
09:45
And that's sort of like
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”
09:47
the novelty standard for a U.S. patent,
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ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
09:49
which fashion designers never get --
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ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื•,
09:51
rarely get here in the states.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
09:53
In the European Union, they went in the other direction.
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ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™.
09:56
Very low novelty standard,
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ืชืงืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“,
09:58
anybody can register anything.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
10:00
But even though it's the home of the fast fashion industry
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ื– ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
10:02
and you have a lot of luxury designers there,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช,
10:04
they don't register their garments, generally,
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ื”ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื“ื’ืžื™ื”ื,
10:07
and there's not a lot of litigation.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช.
10:09
It turns out it's because the novelty standard is too low.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชืงืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“.
10:12
A person can come in and take somebody else's gown,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื’ืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
10:15
cut off three inches from the bottom,
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ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”,
10:18
go to the E.U. and register it as a new, original design.
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ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ื•ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืงื•ืจื™.
10:21
So, that does not stop the knock-off artists.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืื•ืžื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™.
10:23
If you look at the registry, actually,
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ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื,
10:25
a lot of the registered things in the E.U.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื
10:27
are Nike T-shirts
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืง
10:29
that are almost identical to one another.
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ืืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื”ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.
10:32
But this has not stopped Diane von Furstenberg.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืขืฆืจ ืืช ื“ื™ืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจืกื˜ื ื‘ืจื’.
10:34
She is the head of
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ
10:36
the Council of Fashion Designers of America,
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ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
10:39
and she has told her constituency that
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื”
10:41
she is going to get copyright protection
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ื’ื ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
10:44
for fashion designs.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื”.
10:46
The retailers have kind of quashed this notion though.
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ื”ืงื™ืžืขื•ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืคืกืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
10:48
I don't think the legislation is going anywhere,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
10:50
because they realized it is so hard
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ
10:53
to tell the difference between a pirated design
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืคื™ืจืื˜ื™
10:55
and something that's just part of a global trend.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื’ืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
10:58
Who owns a look?
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ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืจืื”?
11:00
That is a very difficult question to answer.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช.
11:02
It takes lots of lawyers and lots of court time,
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ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜.
11:05
and the retailers decided that would be way too expensive.
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ื•ื”ืงื™ืžืขื•ื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื™ืงืจ.
11:10
You know, it's not just the fashion industry
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืœืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
11:12
that doesn't have copyright protection.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
11:14
There's a bunch of other industries that don't have copyright protection,
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื–ื•,
11:17
including the food industry.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
11:19
You cannot copyright a recipe
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื
11:21
because it's a set of instructions, it's fact,
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ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
11:24
and you cannot copyright the look and feel
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ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ
11:26
of even the most unique dish.
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ืžื ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ื, ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ื”ื™ื”.
11:29
Same with automobiles.
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ื›ื "ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
11:31
It doesn't matter how wacky they look or how cool they look,
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ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื™ืจืื” ืื• ื›ืžื” "ืงื•ืœ",
11:34
you cannot copyright the sculptural design.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™.
11:37
It's a utilitarian article, that's why.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
11:40
Same with furniture,
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ื›ื "ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜
11:42
it's too utilitarian.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืžื“ื™.
11:45
Magic tricks, I think they're instructions, sort of like recipes:
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ืชื›ืกื™ืกื™ ืงื•ืกืžื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช.
11:48
no copyright protection.
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ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
11:50
Hairdos, no copyright protection.
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ืชืกืจื•ืงื•ืช- ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
11:52
Open source software, these guys decided
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—, ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
11:54
they didn't want copyright protection.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
11:56
They thought it'd be more innovative without it.
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ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื”.
11:59
It's really hard to get copyright for databases.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกื“ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
12:02
Tattoo artists, they don't want it; it's not cool.
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ืืžื ื™ ืงืขืงื•ืข ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”- ื–ื” ืœื "ืงื•ืœ".
12:05
They share their designs.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
12:08
Jokes, no copyright protection.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
12:10
Fireworks displays,
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ืžื•ืคืขื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื.
12:12
the rules of games,
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ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง.
12:14
the smell of perfume: no.
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ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื‘ื•ืฉื- ืœื.
12:17
And some of these industries may seem
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช
12:19
sort of marginal to you,
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ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื,
12:21
but these are the gross sales
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช
12:24
for low I.P. industries,
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ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื ืžื•ืš,
12:26
industries with very little copyright protection,
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ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
12:28
and there's the gross sales of
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ื•ืืœื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช
12:30
films and books.
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ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื.
12:32
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:35
It ain't pretty.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:37
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:39
So you talk to people in the fashion industry
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ืื– ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื”
12:41
and they're like, "Shhh!
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืฉืฉืฉืฉืฉืฉืฉืฉืฉ!
12:43
Don't tell anybody
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ืืœ ืชืกืคืจื• ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“
12:45
we can actually steal from each other's designs.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
12:47
It's embarrassing."
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืš"
12:49
But you know what? It's revolutionary,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ื–ื” ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™.
12:51
and it's a model that a lot of other industries --
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
12:54
like the ones we just saw with the really small bars --
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช,
12:57
they might have to think about this.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
12:59
Because right now, those industries with a lot of copyright protection
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ื›ื™ ื›ืจื’ืข, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
13:02
are operating in an atmosphere
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ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื” ื ืจืื”
13:04
where it's as if they don't have any protection,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื’ื ื”.
13:07
and they don't know what to do.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
13:11
When I found out that there are a whole bunch of industries
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ื›ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช
13:14
that didn't have copyright protection,
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ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื,
13:16
I thought, "What exactly is the underlying logic?
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื”?
13:19
I want a picture." And the lawyers do not provide a picture,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืืš ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื”.
13:22
so I made one.
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ืื– ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืื—ืช.
13:24
These are the two main
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื
13:27
sort of binary oppositions within the logic of copyright law.
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ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
13:30
It is more complex than this, but this will do.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืกืคื™ืง.
13:33
First: Is something an artistic object?
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™?
13:36
Then it deserves protection.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
13:38
Is it a utilitarian object?
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ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™?
13:40
Then no, it does not deserve protection.
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ืื ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
13:42
This is a difficult, unstable binary.
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™, ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘.
13:45
The other one is: Is it an idea?
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ?
13:48
Is it something that needs to
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ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš
13:50
freely circulate in a free society?
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ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”?
13:52
No protection.
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ืื ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
13:54
Or is it a physically fixed
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ืื• ืฉืžื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘
13:56
expression of an idea:
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ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
13:58
something that somebody made
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื”,
14:00
and they deserve to own it for a while and make money from it?
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ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ืš ื›ืกืฃ?
14:03
The problem is that digital technology
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
14:05
has completely subverted the logic
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ืขืจืขืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ
14:07
of this physically fixed, expression
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข
14:09
versus idea concept.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
14:12
Nowadays,
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ื›ื™ื•ื,
14:14
we don't really recognize a book
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืกืคืจ
14:16
as something that sits on our shelf
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ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ืืฆืœื ื•
14:18
or music as something that is
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ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ื—ืคืฅ
14:20
a physical object that we can hold.
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ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง.
14:22
It's a digital file.
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
14:24
It is barely tethered to any sort of
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ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’
14:26
physical reality in our minds.
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ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•.
14:28
And these things, because we can copy and transmit them so easily,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
14:31
actually circulate within our culture
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
14:34
a lot more like ideas
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
14:36
than like physically instantiated objects.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื—ืช.
14:39
Now, the conceptual issues are truly profound
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ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช
14:42
when you talk about creativity
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
14:44
and ownership
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ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช.
14:46
and, let me tell you, we don't want to leave this just to lawyers to figure out.
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ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
14:49
They're smart.
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ื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
14:51
I'm with one. He's my boyfriend, he's okay.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™. ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
14:54
He's smart, he's smart.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื›ื. ื”ื•ื ื—ื›ื.
14:56
But you want an interdisciplinary team of people
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
14:58
hashing this out,
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ืฉื™ืคืจืงื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื,
15:00
trying to figure out: What is the kind of ownership model,
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ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช
15:03
in a digital world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
15:05
that's going to lead to the most innovation?
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
15:07
And my suggestion is that
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ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื
15:09
fashion might be a really good place
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ืฉืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
15:11
to start looking for a model
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ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ
15:13
for creative industries in the future.
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
15:16
If you want more information about this research project,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”,
15:19
please visit our website: it's ReadyToShare.org.
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ื‘ืงืจื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ReadyToShare.org
15:23
And I really want to thank Veronica Jauriqui
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื•ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื’'ืื•ืจื™ืงื™
15:25
for making this very fashionable presentation.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื”.
15:27
Thank you so much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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