Johanna Blakely: Lessons from fashion's free culture

202,691 views ใƒป 2010-05-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hanna Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yenah Lee
00:16
I heard this amazing story about Miuccia Prada.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ์šฐ์น˜์•„ ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
She's an Italian fashion designer.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์˜์ƒ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:20
She goes to this vintage store in Paris
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ œ์˜๋ฅ˜(๋นˆํ‹ฐ์ง€) ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—
00:22
with a friend of hers.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
00:24
She's rooting around, she finds this one jacket by Balenciaga --
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋’ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฐœ๋ Œ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž์ผ“ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:28
she loves it.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ผ“์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:30
She's turning it inside out.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ผ“์˜ ์•ˆ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
00:32
She's looking at the seams. She's looking at the construction.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ท์˜ ์†”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์˜ท์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ดค์ฃ .
00:35
Her friend says, "Buy it already."
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ "์–ผ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:37
She said, "I'll buy it, but I'm also going to replicate it."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”, "์‚ด๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋‹ค ๋‚œ ์ด ์˜ท์„ ๋ณต์ œํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
00:42
Now, the academics in this audience may think,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ด€์ค‘์— ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ํ•™๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
00:45
"Well, that sounds like plagiarism."
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"๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด๊ฑด ํ‘œ์ ˆ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
00:47
But to a fashionista, what it really is
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒจ์…”๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
00:49
is a sign of Prada's genius:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ค์˜ ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
00:51
that she can root through the history of fashion
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํŒจ์…˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
00:53
and pick the one jacket
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ํ•œ ์ž์ผ“์„ ๊ณจ๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ
00:55
that doesn't need to be changed by one iota,
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๊ทธ ์ž์ผ“์€ ํ•œ ์น˜๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:57
and to be current and to be now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ ํ–‰์—๋„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋’ค์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:00
You might also be asking whether it's possible
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋„
01:03
that this is illegal for her to do this.
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๋ฒ•์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:06
Well, it turns out that it's actually not illegal.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
01:09
In the fashion industry, there's very little
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
01:11
intellectual property protection.
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์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:14
They have trademark protection,
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ‘œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:16
but no copyright protection
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋„,
01:18
and no patent protection to speak of.
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ํŠนํ—ˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:21
All they have, really, is trademark protection,
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒํ‘œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:23
and so it means that anybody
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜
01:25
could copy any garment
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์ด ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์˜
01:27
on any person in this room
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์˜ท์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•ด์„œ
01:29
and sell it as their own design.
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ด์š”.
01:31
The only thing that they can't copy
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ฑ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
01:33
is the actual trademark label
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์˜๋ณต์— ์žˆ๋Š”
01:35
within that piece of apparel.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ‘œ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:37
That's one reason that you see logos
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์— ๋กœ๊ณ ๊ฐ€
01:39
splattered all over these products.
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๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
01:41
It's because it's a lot harder for knock-off artists
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ œ์กฐ์ž๋“ค์ด
01:43
to knock off these designs
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์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ƒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:45
because they can't knock off the logo.
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๋” ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:48
But if you go to Santee Alley, yeah.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Santee ๊ณจ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌ์ฃ .
01:51
(Laughter) Well, yeah.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋„ค...
01:53
Canal Street, I know.
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Canal ๊ธธ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
01:55
And sometimes these are fun, right?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
01:57
Now, the reason for this, the reason that the fashion industry
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€
02:00
doesn't have any copyright protection
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
02:02
is because the courts decided long ago
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ
02:05
that apparel is too utilitarian
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์˜๋ณต์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:07
to qualify for copyright protection.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
02:09
They didn't want a handful of designers
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด
02:11
owning the seminal building blocks of our clothing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ท์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:14
And then everybody else would have to license this cuff or this sleeve
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŒ๊ถŒ์„ ์†Œ์œ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
02:17
because Joe Blow owns it.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋งค๋‹จ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์†Œ๋งค์˜ ํŒ๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:21
But too utilitarian? I mean is that the way you think of fashion?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๋ผ์„œ ๋ผ๋‹ˆ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ํŒจ์…˜์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:24
This is Vivienne Westwood. No!
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์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋น„๋น„์•ˆ ์›จ์ŠคํŠธ์šฐ๋“œ์˜ˆ์š”. ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:27
We think of it as maybe too silly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ ,
02:29
too unnecessary.
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์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
02:31
Now, those of you who are familiar with the logic
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์ด์ œ, ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š”
02:33
behind copyright protection --
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:35
which is that without ownership, there is no incentive to innovate --
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์•Œ๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€,
02:38
might be really surprised
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„ํ‰์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ
02:40
by both the critical success of the fashion industry
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ๋ฉด
02:43
and the economic success of this industry.
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๋งŽ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”
02:46
What I'm going to argue today is that
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€,
02:48
because there's no copyright protection
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š”
02:50
in the fashion industry,
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:52
fashion designers have actually been able to elevate
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์˜์ƒ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€
02:55
utilitarian design,
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์˜๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ,
02:57
things to cover our naked bodies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‚˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
02:59
into something that we consider art.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ์Šนํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:01
Because there's no copyright protection
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์ด ์—…๊ณ„๋Š”,
03:03
in this industry,
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:05
there's a very open and creative
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ
03:07
ecology of creativity.
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
03:09
Unlike their creative brothers and sisters,
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚จ๋งค ๋ป˜์ธ
03:11
who are sculptors or photographers
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์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ฐ€๋“ค,
03:14
or filmmakers or musicians,
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์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž์™€ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
03:17
fashion designers can sample
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์˜์ƒ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜
03:19
from all their peers' designs.
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๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋œฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:21
They can take any element from any garment
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ „ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ
03:23
from the history of fashion
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜์ƒ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์†Œ์ด๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
03:25
and incorporate it into their own design.
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋„์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:27
They're also notorious for riffing off of the zeitgeist.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ •์‹ ์„ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:30
And here, I suspect,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์˜์ƒ๋“ค์ด,
03:32
they were influenced by the costumes in Avatar.
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์˜ํ™” ์•„๋ฐ”ํƒ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
03:35
Maybe just a little.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:37
Can't copyright a costume either.
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์˜ํ™” ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
03:39
Now, fashion designers have
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์˜์ƒ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€
03:41
the broadest palette imaginable
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ
03:43
in this creative industry.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ทจํ–ฅ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ธต๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:45
This wedding dress here
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์ด ์›จ๋”ฉ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š”
03:47
is actually made of sporks,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํฌํฌ ๊ฒธ์šฉ ์ˆŸ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
03:50
and this dress is actually made of aluminum.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
03:53
I've heard this dress actually sort of sounds like wind chimes
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉด
03:55
as they walk through.
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ํ’๊ฒฝ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:57
So, one of the magical side effects
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณต์ œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜
03:59
of having a culture of copying,
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๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
04:01
which is really what it is,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
04:03
is the establishment of trends.
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์œ ํ–‰์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
04:05
People think this is a magical thing. How does it happen?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”. ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
04:07
Well, it's because it's legal for people to copy one another.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:10
Some people believe that
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:12
there are a few people at the top of the fashion food chain
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋…์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด
04:15
who sort of dictate to us what we're all going to wear,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ์ž…์„์ง€ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
04:18
but if you talk to any designer at any level,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์„
04:20
including these high-end designers,
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ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋“ ,
04:22
they always say
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
04:24
their main inspiration comes from the street:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:26
where people like you and me remix and match
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ท๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์˜ท๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
04:28
our own fashion looks.
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์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”.
04:30
And that's where they really get a lot of their
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ
04:32
creative inspiration,
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
04:35
so it's both a top-down and a bottom-up kind of industry.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์‹๊ณผ ์ƒํ–ฅ์‹ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์ธ ์—…๊ณ„์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:39
Now, the fast fashion giants have
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๋ฐœ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
04:41
probably benefited the most
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:43
from the lack of copyright protection in the fashion industry.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ต์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:46
They are notorious for knocking off high-end designs
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•ด์„œ
04:49
and selling them at very low prices.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:51
And they've been faced with a lot of lawsuits,
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์†ก๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹นํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:54
but those lawsuits are usually not won by fashion designers.
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์˜์ƒ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์†ก์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:57
The courts have said over and over again, "You don't need
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๋ฒ•์ •์€, "๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง€์  ์žฌ์‚ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ 
04:59
any more intellectual property protection."
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๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ•ด์™”์–ด์š”.
05:02
When you look at copies like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณต์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
05:05
you wonder: How do the luxury high-end brands
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๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ช…ํ’ˆ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์ง€? ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:07
remain in business?
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๊ถ๊ตผํ•ด ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:09
If you can get it for 200 bucks, why pay a thousand?
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200๋ถˆ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์™œ 1000๋ถˆ์„ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ?
05:12
Well, that's one reason we had a conference here at USC a few years ago.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „์— U.S.C์—์„œ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:15
We invited Tom Ford to come --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ†ฐ ํฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:17
the conference was called, "Ready to Share:
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ํšŒ์˜์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ๋‹ค :
05:19
Fashion and the Ownership of Creativity" --
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ํŒจ์…˜๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ." ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:22
and we asked him exactly this question.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
05:24
Here's what he had to say.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:26
He had just come off a successful stint as the lead designer at Gucci,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋•Œ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ๊ตฌ์ฐŒ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:29
in case you didn't know.
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊นŒ๋ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:31
Tom Ford: And we found after much research
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ํ†ฐ ํฌ๋“œ : ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด,
05:34
that -- actually not much research, quite simple research --
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด,
05:36
that the counterfeit customer was not our customer.
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๋ณต์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ธต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Johanna Blakley: Imagine that.
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์กฐํ•œ๋‚˜ ๋ธ”๋ผํด๋ฆฌ: ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:41
The people on Santee Alley
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Santee Alley์—์„œ ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:43
are not the ones who shop at Gucci.
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๊ตฌ์ฐŒ์—์„œ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:48
This is a very different demographic.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต๊ณ„์˜ˆ์š”.
05:52
And, you know, a knock-off is never the same
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ณต์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์€
05:55
as an original high-end design,
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์›๋ฃŒ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:58
at least in terms of the materials; they're always made of cheaper materials.
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์›๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
06:01
But even sometimes a cheaper version
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–จ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์‹ผ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
06:04
can actually have some charming aspects,
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:06
can breathe a little extra life into a dying trend.
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์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ™œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:10
There's lots of virtues of copying.
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๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:12
One that a lot of cultural critics have pointed to
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ ์žฅ์ ์€,
06:15
is that we now have
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
06:17
a much broader palette
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ
06:19
of design choices to choose from than we ever have before,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
06:22
and this is mainly because of the fast fashion industry, actually.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฃผ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
06:25
And this is a good thing. We need lots of options.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜ˆ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:27
Fashion, whether you like it or not,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋˜ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋˜๊ฐ„์—, ํŒจ์…˜์€
06:29
helps you project who you are to the world.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Because of fast fashion,
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ํŒจ์…˜์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
06:35
global trends actually get established much more quickly than they used to.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
06:38
And this, actually, is good news to trendsetters;
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฑด ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ ์„ธํ„ฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
06:41
they want trends to be set
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์œ ํ†ต์‹œํ‚ค๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:43
so that they can move product.
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์œ ํ–‰์ด(ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ) ์–ผ๋ฅธ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฃ .
06:46
For fashionistas,
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ํŒจ์…”๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ€(๋ฉ‹์Ÿ์ด)๋“ค์€
06:48
they want to stay ahead of the curve.
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๋‚จ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฃ .
06:50
They don't want to be wearing what everybody else is wearing.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž…๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์˜ท๋‘˜์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
06:53
And so, they want to move on to the next trend
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
06:56
as soon as possible.
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๋‹ค์Œ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:58
I tell you, there is no rest for the fashionable.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฉ‹์Ÿ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‰ด ํ‹ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:01
Every season, these designers have to struggle
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๋งค ์‹œ์ฆŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:03
to come up with the new fabulous idea that everybody's going to love.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์• ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And this, let me tell you,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
07:08
is very good for the bottom line.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:11
Now of course, there's a bunch of effects
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
07:13
that this culture of copying has
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณต์ œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€
07:15
on the creative process.
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๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:17
And Stuart Weitzman is a very successful shoe designer.
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Stuart Weitzman(์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ ์™€์ด์ธ ๋งจ)์€ ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ฐœ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜€์–ด์š”.
07:19
He has complained a lot about people copying him,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:22
but in one interview I read,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์€ ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
07:24
he said it has really forced him to up his game.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
07:27
He had to come up with new ideas,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด
07:29
new things that would be hard to copy.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:31
He came up with this Bowden-wedge heel
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ฒ  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
07:34
that has to be made out of steel or titanium;
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๋ณด์šฐ๋ด-์›จ์ง€ ํž์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
07:36
if you make it from some sort of cheaper material,
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์ข€ ๋” ์‹ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด,
07:38
it'll actually crack in two.
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์ด ์‹ ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ์š”.
07:40
It forced him to be a little more innovative. (Music)
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:43
And that actually reminded me
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์žฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ช…์žฅ ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒŒ์ปค(Charlie Parker)๊ฐ€
07:45
of jazz great, Charlie Parker.
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์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
07:47
I don't know if you've heard this anecdote, but I have.
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์ด ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „ ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
07:50
He said that one of the reasons he invented bebop
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”,
07:53
was that he was pretty sure
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์ด ์Œ์•…์„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
07:55
that white musicians wouldn't be able to replicate the sound. (Laughter)
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ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:01
He wanted to make it too difficult to copy,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์Œ์•…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:05
and that's what fashion designers are doing all the time.
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ํŒจ์…˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:07
They're trying to put together
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ
08:09
a signature look, an aesthetic
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์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋งˆํฌ์ธ ์˜ท๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:11
that reflects who they are.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
08:13
When people knock it off, everybody knows
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์˜ท์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด
08:16
because they've put that look out on the runway,
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ํŒจ์…˜์‡ผ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜ท์„ ๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ ๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
08:18
and it's a coherent aesthetic.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ์˜ท๋“ค์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:22
I love these Gallianos.
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์ „ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋…ธ์˜ ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์š”.
08:24
Okay, we'll move on. (Laughter)
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
08:26
This is not unlike the world of comedy.
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๊ฐœ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
08:29
I don't know if you know that jokes
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๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:31
also can't be copyright protected.
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๊ฐœ๊ทธ๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜์š”.
08:33
So when one-liners were really popular,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ํ–‰์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
08:36
everybody stole them from one another.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฒ ๋ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:38
But now, we have a different kind of comic.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:40
They develop a persona,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์˜ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋งˆํฌ ์˜ท์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:42
a signature style, much like fashion designers.
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์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์ฃ .
08:45
And their jokes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ทธ๋Š”
08:47
much like the fashion designs by a fashion designer,
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:49
really only work within that aesthetic.
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์˜ค์ง ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์–ด์šธ๋ ค์š”.
08:51
If somebody steals a joke
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ(Larry David)์˜
08:53
from Larry David, for instance,
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๊ฐœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ๋ผ๋ฉด,
08:55
it's not as funny.
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์›ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:57
Now, the other thing that fashion designers have done
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋˜ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ฒƒ์€,
08:59
to survive in this culture of copying
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๋ณต์ œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:01
is they've learned how to copy themselves.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฒ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
09:03
They knock themselves off.
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์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:05
They make deals with the fast fashion giants
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
09:08
and they come up with a way to sell their product
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ธต์ธ
09:10
to a whole new demographic:
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์‚ฐํ‹ฐ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ(Santee Alley)์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ธต์—๊ฒŒ
09:12
the Santee Alley demographic.
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ํŒ”์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
09:14
Now, some fashion designers will say,
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์ž, ์–ด๋–ค ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
09:17
"It's only in the United States that we don't have any respect.
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"๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:20
In other countries there is protection
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ์„
09:22
for our artful designs."
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
09:25
But if you take a look at the two other biggest markets in the world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:27
it turns out that the protection that's offered
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค
09:30
is really ineffectual.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:32
In Japan, for instance, which I think is the third largest market,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ์ผ๋ณธ(์•„๋งˆ๋„ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์„ ๊บผ์˜ˆ์š”)์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด,
09:35
they have a design law; it protects apparel,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ณต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:38
but the novelty standard is so high,
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์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
09:40
you have to prove that your garment has never existed before,
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๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
09:43
it's totally unique.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ฃ .
09:45
And that's sort of like
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜
09:47
the novelty standard for a U.S. patent,
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ณณ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:49
which fashion designers never get --
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
09:51
rarely get here in the states.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
09:53
In the European Union, they went in the other direction.
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์œ ๋ ต ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:56
Very low novelty standard,
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์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ ,
09:58
anybody can register anything.
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์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:00
But even though it's the home of the fast fashion industry
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:02
and you have a lot of luxury designers there,
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๋ช…ํ’ˆ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
10:04
they don't register their garments, generally,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”.
10:07
and there's not a lot of litigation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ์†ก์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์–ด์š”.
10:09
It turns out it's because the novelty standard is too low.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
10:12
A person can come in and take somebody else's gown,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ท์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
10:15
cut off three inches from the bottom,
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๋ฐ‘์„ 3์ธ์น˜ ์ž๋ฅธ ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€
10:18
go to the E.U. and register it as a new, original design.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ์™€ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:21
So, that does not stop the knock-off artists.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ง‰์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
10:23
If you look at the registry, actually,
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์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:25
a lot of the registered things in the E.U.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋œ ์˜์ƒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
10:27
are Nike T-shirts
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๋‚˜์ดํ‚ค(Nike) ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ  ๊ฐ™์€
10:29
that are almost identical to one another.
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์˜ท๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
10:32
But this has not stopped Diane von Furstenberg.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์ด์•ค ๋ณธ ํผ์Šคํ…๋ฒ„๊ทธ (Diane von Furstenberg)๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:34
She is the head of
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜
10:36
the Council of Fashion Designers of America,
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ํ˜‘ํšŒ์žฅ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
10:39
and she has told her constituency that
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ˜‘ํšŒ์—๊ฒŒ
10:41
she is going to get copyright protection
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์˜์ƒ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
10:44
for fashion designs.
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๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:46
The retailers have kind of quashed this notion though.
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์†Œ๋งค์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:48
I don't think the legislation is going anywhere,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด ๋ฒ•๋ น์€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
10:50
because they realized it is so hard
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด์ ํŒ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ
10:53
to tell the difference between a pirated design
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ ํ–‰(ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ)์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„
10:55
and something that's just part of a global trend.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
10:58
Who owns a look?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฃฉ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
11:00
That is a very difficult question to answer.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:02
It takes lots of lawyers and lots of court time,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ •์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:05
and the retailers decided that would be way too expensive.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋งค ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:10
You know, it's not just the fashion industry
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„๋งŒ
11:12
that doesn't have copyright protection.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:14
There's a bunch of other industries that don't have copyright protection,
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์‹ํ’ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค๋„
11:17
including the food industry.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:19
You cannot copyright a recipe
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”,
11:21
because it's a set of instructions, it's fact,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
11:24
and you cannot copyright the look and feel
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์Œ์‹๋„
11:26
of even the most unique dish.
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๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์Šต์˜ ํŒ๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:29
Same with automobiles.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
11:31
It doesn't matter how wacky they look or how cool they look,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋˜์ง€, ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋˜์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:34
you cannot copyright the sculptural design.
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ์ˆœ ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:37
It's a utilitarian article, that's why.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
11:40
Same with furniture,
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
11:42
it's too utilitarian.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
11:45
Magic tricks, I think they're instructions, sort of like recipes:
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์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋งˆ์ˆ ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
11:48
no copyright protection.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:50
Hairdos, no copyright protection.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:52
Open source software, these guys decided
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๊ณต๋™ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
11:54
they didn't want copyright protection.
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:56
They thought it'd be more innovative without it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
11:59
It's really hard to get copyright for databases.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ํŒ๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
12:02
Tattoo artists, they don't want it; it's not cool.
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๋ฌธ์‹ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”; ์ฟจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:05
They share their designs.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋””์ž์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์š”.
12:08
Jokes, no copyright protection.
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๊ฐœ๊ทธ๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:10
Fireworks displays,
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๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ ๋†€์ด
12:12
the rules of games,
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๋„
12:14
the smell of perfume: no.
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ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
12:17
And some of these industries may seem
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค ์ค‘์—
12:19
sort of marginal to you,
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ํŒ๋งค์œจ์ด ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:21
but these are the gross sales
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€,
12:24
for low I.P. industries,
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์ฆ‰ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค์˜
12:26
industries with very little copyright protection,
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์ด ๋งค์ถœ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:28
and there's the gross sales of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์˜ํ™”์™€ ์ฑ…๋“ค์˜
12:30
films and books.
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์ด ๋งค์ถœ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:35
It ain't pretty.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ ?
12:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:39
So you talk to people in the fashion industry
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์˜๋ฅ˜ ์—…๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
12:41
and they're like, "Shhh!
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์‰ฟ!
12:43
Don't tell anybody
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ›”์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
12:45
we can actually steal from each other's designs.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:47
It's embarrassing."
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๋ฏผ๋งํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:49
But you know what? It's revolutionary,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฑด ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:51
and it's a model that a lot of other industries --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๊นŒ ํ‘œ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ ์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค์ด
12:54
like the ones we just saw with the really small bars --
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๋ณธ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
12:57
they might have to think about this.
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๊ทธ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
12:59
Because right now, those industries with a lot of copyright protection
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค์€
13:02
are operating in an atmosphere
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:04
where it's as if they don't have any protection,
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์–ด์ฉ”์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ผํ•˜๋Š”
13:07
and they don't know what to do.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:11
When I found out that there are a whole bunch of industries
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๋งŽ์€ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
13:14
that didn't have copyright protection,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
13:16
I thought, "What exactly is the underlying logic?
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์šด์˜์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€? ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:19
I want a picture." And the lawyers do not provide a picture,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
13:22
so I made one.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:24
These are the two main
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ๋ฒ• ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์˜
13:27
sort of binary oppositions within the logic of copyright law.
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” 2์›์ฒด์˜ˆ์š”.
13:30
It is more complex than this, but this will do.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์š”.
13:33
First: Is something an artistic object?
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:36
Then it deserves protection.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•ด์š”.
13:38
Is it a utilitarian object?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:40
Then no, it does not deserve protection.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
13:42
This is a difficult, unstable binary.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
13:45
The other one is: Is it an idea?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ์ด๊ฑด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:48
Is it something that needs to
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
13:50
freely circulate in a free society?
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ†ต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
13:52
No protection.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
13:54
Or is it a physically fixed
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ 
13:56
expression of an idea:
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
13:58
something that somebody made
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์ž ์‹œ ์†Œ์œ ํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์•ผ ๋งˆ๋•…ํ•œ์ง€
14:00
and they deserve to own it for a while and make money from it?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
14:03
The problem is that digital technology
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด
14:05
has completely subverted the logic
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์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
14:07
of this physically fixed, expression
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์ปจ์…‰๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ
14:09
versus idea concept.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ „๋ณต์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
14:12
Nowadays,
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์š”์ฆ˜,
14:14
we don't really recognize a book
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฑ…์žฅ์— ๊ฝ‚ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
14:16
as something that sits on our shelf
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€์•Š์•„์š”,
14:18
or music as something that is
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๋˜ ์Œ์•…์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:20
a physical object that we can hold.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:22
It's a digital file.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
14:24
It is barely tethered to any sort of
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
14:26
physical reality in our minds.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:28
And these things, because we can copy and transmit them so easily,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
14:31
actually circulate within our culture
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ
14:34
a lot more like ideas
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
14:36
than like physically instantiated objects.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:39
Now, the conceptual issues are truly profound
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์ž, ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ
14:42
when you talk about creativity
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์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜
14:44
and ownership
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๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊นŠ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:46
and, let me tell you, we don't want to leave this just to lawyers to figure out.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:49
They're smart.
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๋ฌผ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:51
I'm with one. He's my boyfriend, he's okay.
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์ œ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ผ์„œ ์•Œ์•„์š”.
14:54
He's smart, he's smart.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์š”. ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:56
But you want an interdisciplinary team of people
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฑธ์ณ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:58
hashing this out,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š”
15:00
trying to figure out: What is the kind of ownership model,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด
15:03
in a digital world,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ 
15:05
that's going to lead to the most innovation?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๊บผ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:07
And my suggestion is that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด๋ฐ,
15:09
fashion might be a really good place
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์—…๊ณ„๋“ค์ด
15:11
to start looking for a model
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๊ท€๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
15:13
for creative industries in the future.
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ํŒจ์…˜์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
15:16
If you want more information about this research project,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด,
15:19
please visit our website: it's ReadyToShare.org.
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์ €ํฌ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ReadyToShare.org ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
And I really want to thank Veronica Jauriqui
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฒ ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์นด ์ž์šฐ๋ฆฌํ‚ค(Veronica Jauriqui)์—๊ฒŒ
15:25
for making this very fashionable presentation.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŒจ์…”๋„ˆ๋ธ”ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
Thank you so much. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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