Chris Bliss: Comedy is translation

61,855 views ใƒป 2012-02-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Gabriel Garcรญa Mรกrquez is one of my favorite writers,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื’ืจืกื™ื” ืžืจืงื– ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™,
00:17
for his storytelling,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื•,
00:19
but even more, I think,
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ืืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
00:21
for the beauty and precision of his prose.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื•.
00:23
And whether it's the opening line from "One Hundred Years of Solitude"
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ "ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช",
00:27
or the fantastical stream of consciousness
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ืื• ื–ืจื ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœื
00:29
in "Autumn of the Patriarch,"
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ื‘"ื”ืกืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ",
00:31
where the words rush by,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืœื™ื ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
00:33
page after page of unpunctuated imagery
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ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืคื™ืกื•ืง
00:35
sweeping the reader along
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ื”ืกื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื
00:37
like some wild river
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ื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื” ื ื”ืจ ืคืจื
00:39
twisting through a primal South American jungle,
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ืฉืžืชืคืชืœ ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœ ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืงื“ื•ื,
00:41
reading Mรกrquez is a visceral experience.
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืžืจืงื– ื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื”ืคื›ืช-ืงืจื‘ื™ื™ื.
00:44
Which struck me as particularly remarkable
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืœื˜ ืœืขื™ื ื™,
00:46
during one session with the novel
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืกืคืจื•,
00:48
when I realized that I was being swept along
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ื›ืฉืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืกื—ืฃ
00:50
on this remarkable, vivid journey
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ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืก ื”ื–ื”
00:53
in translation.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื.
00:55
Now I was a comparative literature major in college,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžื’ืžืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื’',
00:57
which is like an English major,
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
00:59
only instead of being stuck studying Chaucer for three months,
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ืจืง ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืชืงืข ืขื ืฆ'ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
01:01
we got to read great literature in translation
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ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ื“ื’ื•ืœื” ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžืช
01:03
from around the world.
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:05
And as great as these books were,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื™ื,
01:07
you could always tell
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ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื“ืขืช
01:09
that you were getting close to the full effect.
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ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืืคืงื˜ ื”ืžืœื.
01:11
But not so with Mรกrquez
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจืงื–,
01:13
who once praised his translator's versions
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ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ืœืœ ืืช ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช
01:15
as being better than his own,
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ื›ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืœื” ืฉืœื•,
01:18
which is an astonishing compliment.
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ื•ื–ื• ืžื—ืžืื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
01:21
So when I heard that the translator, Gregory Rabassa,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืชืจื’ื, ื’ืจื’ื•ืจื™ ืจื‘ืืกื”,
01:23
had written his own book on the subject,
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ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
01:25
I couldn't wait to read it.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื•.
01:27
It's called apropos of the Italian adage
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ื›ื•ืชืจืชื• ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžื”ืžื™ืžืจื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช
01:29
that I lifted from his forward,
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ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฉืœื•,
01:31
"If This Be Treason."
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"ืœื• ืชื”ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื”".
01:33
And it's a charming read.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืงืจื™ืื” ืžืงืกื™ื.
01:35
It's highly recommended for anyone who's interested
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
01:37
in the translator's art.
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ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื.
01:39
But the reason that I mention it
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ืืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•
01:41
is that early on, Rabassa offers
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ืืกื” ืžืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”
01:43
this elegantly simple insight:
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ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื”:
01:47
"Every act of communication
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"ื›ืœ ืืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
01:49
is an act of translation."
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ื”ื•ื ืืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืจื’ื•ื."
01:52
Now maybe that's been obvious to all of you for a long time,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื,
01:55
but for me,
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ืืš ืื ื™,
01:57
as often as I'd encountered
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื›ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
01:59
that exact difficulty on a daily basis,
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•,
02:01
I had never seen the inherent challenge of communication
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื”
02:04
in so crystalline a light.
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ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื” ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.
02:06
Ever since I can remember
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ืžืื– ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
02:08
thinking consciously about such things,
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
02:10
communication has been my central passion.
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉื ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื™.
02:12
Even as a child,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื™ืœื“,
02:14
I remember thinking that what I really wanted most in life
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
02:17
was to be able to understand everything
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ
02:20
and then to communicate it to everyone else.
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ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื.
02:23
So no ego problems.
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ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืื’ื•.
02:26
It's funny, my wife, Daisy,
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ืžืฆื—ื™ืง: ืืฉืชื™, ื“ื™ื™ื–ื™,
02:28
whose family is littered with schizophrenics --
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ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื–ืจื•ืขื” ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื --
02:30
and I mean littered with them --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื–ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื”ื --
02:33
once said to me, "Chris, I already have a brother who thinks he's God.
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ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืคืขื, "ื›ืจื™ืก, ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื— ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
02:37
I don't need a husband who wants to be."
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื."
02:39
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
02:41
Anyway, as I plunged through my 20s
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
02:43
ever more aware of how unobtainable
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื•ื
02:45
the first part of my childhood ambition was,
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ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
02:48
it was that second part,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื”,
02:50
being able to successfully communicate to others
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื
02:52
whatever knowledge I was gaining,
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ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ืจ,
02:54
where the futility of my quest really set in.
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ืฉื ื‘ืืžืช ืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
02:57
Time after time,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
02:59
whenever I set out to share some great truth
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ื–ื• ืืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
03:01
with a soon-to-be grateful recipient,
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ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืืกื™ืจ-ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™,
03:03
it had the opposite effect.
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ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.
03:06
Interestingly, when your opening line of communication is,
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ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœืš
03:08
"Hey, listen up,
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ื”ื™ื, "ื”ื™ื™, ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘,
03:10
because I'm about to drop some serious knowledge on you,"
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ื™ื“ืข ืจืฆื™ื ื™",
03:14
it's amazing how quickly you'll discover
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ
03:16
both ice and the firing squad.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืงืคื•ืื” ื•ื›ื™ืชืช-ื™ื•ืจื™ื.
03:20
Finally, after about 10 years
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื
03:22
of alienating friends and strangers alike,
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื—ืงืชื™ ืžืขืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืื—ื“,
03:25
I finally got it,
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ื ืคืœ ืœื™ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ,
03:27
a new personal truth all my own,
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”:
03:30
that if I was going to ever communicate well with other people
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืื™-ืคืขื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื
03:34
the ideas that I was gaining,
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ื›ืฉ,
03:36
I'd better find a different way of going about it.
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
03:38
And that's when I discovered comedy.
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ื•ืื– ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”.
03:41
Now comedy travels along a distinct wavelength
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ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจืš-ื’ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง
03:44
from other forms of language.
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
03:46
If I had to place it on an arbitrary spectrum,
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ืื ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™,
03:48
I'd say it falls somewhere
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื
03:50
between poetry and lies.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืฉืงืจื™ื.
03:54
And I'm not talking about all comedy here,
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”,
03:56
because, clearly, there's plenty of humor
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ
03:58
that colors safely within the lines of what we already think and feel.
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ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ-ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
04:01
What I want to talk about
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
04:03
is the unique ability that the best comedy and satire has
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื”
04:06
at circumventing our ingrained perspectives --
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ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื• --
04:09
comedy as the philosopher's stone.
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ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
04:12
It takes the base metal of our conventional wisdom
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ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:15
and transforms it through ridicule
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื—ื•ืš
04:17
into a different way of seeing
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ืœื“ืจืš-ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”
04:19
and ultimately being in the world.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
04:21
Because that's what I take
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืื™ืชื™
04:23
from the theme of this conference: Gained in Translation.
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ืžื ื•ืฉื ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ื–ื”: ืœืฆืืช ื ืฉื›ืจ ืžื”ืชืจื’ื•ื.
04:26
That it's about communication
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
04:28
that doesn't just produce greater understanding
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:30
within the individual,
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ืืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื,
04:32
but leads to real change.
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ืืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
04:34
Which in my experience means communication
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ื•ื–ื•, ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
04:36
that manages to speak to and expand
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ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘
04:39
our concept of self-interest.
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ืืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:42
Now I'm big on speaking to people's self-interest
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
04:44
because we're all wired for that.
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ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื›ืš.
04:46
It's part of our survival package,
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:48
and that's why it's become so important for us,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•,
04:51
and that's why we're always listening at that level.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:54
And also because that's where,
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ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
04:57
in terms of our own self-interest,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
04:59
we finally begin to grasp
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ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ืœืชืคื•ืก
05:01
our ability to respond, our responsibility
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ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:04
to the rest of the world.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:06
Now as to what I mean by the best comedy and satire,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขืœ "ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื”",
05:09
I mean work that comes first and foremost
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
05:11
from a place of honesty and integrity.
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ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”.
05:14
Now if you think back
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ืื ืชื™ื–ื›ืจื•
05:16
on Tina Fey's impersonations on Saturday Night Live
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ื‘ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื˜ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื™ ื‘"ืกื˜ืจื“ื™ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื‘"
05:19
of the newly nominated vice presidential candidate
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ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืกื’ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื,
05:21
Sarah Palin,
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ืฉืจื” ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ,
05:23
they were devastating.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื—ืฆื™ื.
05:25
Fey demonstrated far more effectively than any political pundit
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ืคื™ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื•ื’ื”-ื“ืขื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
05:28
the candidate's fundamental lack of seriousness,
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ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:31
cementing an impression
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืจื•ืฉื ืื™ืชืŸ
05:33
that the majority of the American public still holds today.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื•.
05:36
And the key detail of this
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ื•ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื,
05:38
is that Fey's scripts weren't written by her
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ืฉื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”
05:40
and they weren't written by the SNL writers.
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ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืกื˜ืจื“ื™ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื‘".
05:42
They were lifted verbatim
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื
05:44
from Palin's own remarks.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”.
05:46
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:50
Here was a Palin impersonator
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื—ืงื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ
05:52
quoting Palin word for word.
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ืฉืžืฆื˜ื˜ืช ืืช ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื”.
05:54
Now that's honesty and integrity,
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ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”,
05:56
and it's also why Fey's performances
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ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™
05:58
left such a lasting impression.
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ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืจื•ืฉื ื›ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืš.
06:00
On the other side of the political spectrum,
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ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช,
06:03
the first time that I heard Rush Limbaugh
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืจืฉ ืœื™ืžื‘ืื•
06:05
refer to presidential hopeful John Edwards as the Breck girl
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ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื•ืืฃ-ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื’'ื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ืก ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ื ืขืจืช ื”ืฉืžืคื•"
06:09
I knew that he'd made a direct hit.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื•ืœ.
06:12
Now it's not often that I'm going to associate
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืงืฉืจ
06:14
the words honesty and integrity with Limbaugh,
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ืืช ื”ืžืœื™ื "ื›ื ื•ืช" ื•"ื™ื•ืฉืจื”" ืขื ืœื™ืžื‘ืื•,
06:17
but it's really hard to argue with that punchline.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขื ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฅ ื”ื–ื•.
06:20
The description perfectly captured
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ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœื›ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง
06:22
Edwards' personal vanity.
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ืืช ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ืก.
06:24
And guess what?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
06:26
That ended up being the exact personality trait
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช
06:28
that was at the core of the scandal that ended his political career.
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ืฉืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืฉืžื” ืงืฅ ืœืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
06:33
Now The Daily Show with John Stewart
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ื”"ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื•" ืขื ื’'ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜
06:35
is by far the most --
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ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื”ื›ื™--
06:37
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
06:44
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:46
it's by far the most well-documented example
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ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช
06:49
of the effectiveness of this kind of comedy.
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ืœื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”.
06:52
Survey after survey,
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ืกืงืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืกืงืจ,
06:54
from Pew Research to the Annenberg Center for Public Policy,
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ืž"ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื™ื•" ื•ืขื“ "ืžืจื›ื– ืื ื ื‘ืจื’ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช",
06:57
has found that Daily Show viewers are better informed about current events
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ืžืฆืื• ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ ื”"ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื•" ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื
07:00
than the viewers of all major network and cable news shows.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ื.
07:04
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
07:07
Now whether this says more
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:09
about the conflict between integrity and profitability
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ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช
07:12
of corporate journalism
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ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ืช,
07:14
than it does about the attentiveness of Stewart's viewers,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜,
07:16
the larger point remains
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื”:
07:18
that Stewart's material
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜
07:20
is always grounded in a commitment to the facts --
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ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช --
07:23
not because his intent is to inform. It's not.
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื“ื•ื•ื—. ื”ื•ื ืœื.
07:25
His intent is to be funny.
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ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื—ื™ืง.
07:27
It just so happens that Stewart's brand of funny
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืืจื˜
07:30
doesn't work unless the facts are true.
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ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
07:33
And the result is great comedy
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช
07:35
that's also an information delivery system
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ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข
07:38
that scores markedly higher in both credibility and retention
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ืขื ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
07:41
than the professional news media.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื.
07:44
Now this is doubly ironic
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ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ืคื•ืœื”;
07:46
when you consider that what gives comedy its edge
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื”
07:49
at reaching around people's walls
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ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื,
07:51
is the way that it uses deliberate misdirection.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ื˜ืขื™ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช.
07:54
A great piece of comedy is a verbal magic trick,
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ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฉื”-ืงืกืžื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™,
07:57
where you think it's going over here
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืืŸ,
07:59
and then all of a sudden you're transported over here.
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื›ืืŸ.
08:02
And there's this mental delight
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืขื•ื ื’ ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”,
08:04
that's followed by the physical response of laughter,
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ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง,
08:06
which, not coincidentally,
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ืืฉืจ ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื”,
08:08
releases endorphins in the brain.
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ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ืื ื“ื•ืจืคื™ื ื™ื.
08:10
And just like that, you've been seduced
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ืคื™ืชื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื”
08:12
into a different way of looking at something
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช,
08:14
because the endorphins have brought down your defenses.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื ื“ื•ืจืคื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื’ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื.
08:17
This is the exact opposite
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ
08:19
of the way that anger and fear and panic,
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ืžื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื›ืขืก, ื”ืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืœื”,
08:21
all of the flight-or-fight responses, operate.
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ื›ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื”-ืื•-ืœื—ื™ืžื”.
08:24
Flight-or-fight releases adrenalin,
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื”-ืื•-ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ,
08:27
which throws our walls up sky-high.
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ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื.
08:29
And the comedy comes along,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”,
08:31
dealing with a lot of the same areas
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ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขื ืื•ืชื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื
08:33
where our defenses are the strongest --
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช--
08:35
race, religion, politics, sexuality --
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ื’ื–ืข, ื“ืช, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช --
08:38
only by approaching them through humor instead of adrenalin,
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ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ,
08:41
we get endorphins
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ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื ื“ื•ืจืคื™ื ื™ื
08:43
and the alchemy of laughter turns our walls into windows,
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ื•ื”ืืœื™ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช,
08:46
revealing a fresh and unexpected point of view.
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ื•ืžื’ืœื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืขื ื ื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™ื”.
08:49
Now let me give you an example from my act.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื”ืžื•ืคืข ืฉืœื™.
08:52
I have some material
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™
08:54
about the so-called radical gay agenda,
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ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™",
08:56
which starts off by asking,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืืœื”,
08:58
how radical is the gay agenda?
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ื›ืžื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืื™?
09:00
Because from what I can tell, the three things gay Americans seem to want most
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ื›ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื ืชื™, ื ืจืื” ืฉ-3 ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื•ืžื• ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”
09:03
are to join the military, get married and start a family.
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ื”ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื, ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
09:06
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:10
Three things I've tried to avoid my entire life.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™.
09:14
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:16
Have at it you radical bastards. The field is yours.
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
09:19
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:22
And that's followed by these lines
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
09:24
about gay adoption:
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ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื•ืžื•ืื™:
09:26
What is the problem with gay adoption?
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ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื•ืžื•ืื™?
09:28
Why is this remotely controversial?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช?
09:30
If you have a baby and you think that baby's gay,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืœื“ืขืชืš ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ืžื•,
09:33
you should be allowed to put it up for adoption.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ.
09:35
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:37
You have given birth to an abomination.
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ื™ืœื“ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ.
09:39
Remove it from your household.
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ืกืœืงื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.
09:43
Now by taking the biblical epithet "abomination"
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ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืชื "ื›ื™ "ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ"
09:46
and attaching it to the ultimate image of innocence, a baby,
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ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง,
09:50
this joke short circuits the emotional wiring
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ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื
09:52
behind the debate
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ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—
09:54
and it leaves the audience with the opportunity, through their laughter,
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ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ื”ืฆื—ื•ืง ืฉืœื•,
09:57
to question its validity.
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ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืชืงืคื•ืชื•.
09:59
Misdirection isn't the only trick
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ื”ื˜ืขื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืชื›ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
10:01
that comedy has up its sleeve.
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ืฉื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื”.
10:03
Economy of language
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ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช
10:05
is another real strong suit of great comedy.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืงืœืฃ ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
10:07
There are few phrases
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ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
10:09
that pack a more concentrated dose of subject and symbol
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ืฉืžืงืคืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืกืžืœื™ื•ืช
10:12
than the perfect punchline.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.
10:14
Bill Hicks -- and if you don't know his work,
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ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืงืก - ื•ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•,
10:16
you should really Google him --
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ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ื ืžืื“ ืœื’ื’ืœ ืื•ืชื• --
10:18
Hicks had a routine
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ื”ื™ืงืก ืžืกืชื‘ืš ื“ืจืš-ืฉื’ืจื”
10:20
about getting into one of those childhood bragging contests on the playground,
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ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื,
10:23
where finally the other kid says to him,
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
10:25
"Huh? Well my dad can beat up your dad,"
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"ื›ืŸ? ืื– ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืœืื‘ื ืฉืœืš!"
10:28
to which Hicks replies,
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ื•ื”ื™ืงืก ืขื•ื ื”,
10:30
"Really? How soon?"
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"ื‘ืืžืช? ืžืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ?"
10:32
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:37
That's an entire childhood
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ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช
10:39
in three words.
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ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืœื™ื.
10:41
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:44
Not to mention what it reveals
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ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืฉืฃ
10:46
about the adult who's speaking them.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
10:48
And one last powerful attribute
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืขื•ื“ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืจื‘ืช-ืขื•ืฆืžื”
10:50
that comedy has as communication
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
10:52
is that it's inherently viral.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื”.
10:54
People can't wait
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื
10:56
to pass along that new great joke.
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ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืขื•ืœื”.
10:58
And this isn't some new phenomenon of our wired world.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:01
Comedy has been crossing country
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ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ืฆืชื” ืืจืฆื•ืช
11:03
with remarkable speed
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ
11:05
way before the Internet, social media,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
11:07
even cable TV.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ืœื™ื.
11:09
Back in 1980
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ื‘-1980,
11:11
when comedian Richard Pryor accidentally set himself on fire
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ื›ืฉื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ืคืจื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช
11:14
during a freebasing accident,
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ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื™ื,
11:16
I was in Los Angeles the day after it happened
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ืก-ืื ื’'ืœืก ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื”
11:18
and then I was in Washington D.C. two days after that.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื - ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”.
11:22
And I heard the exact same punchline on both coasts --
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืฉื•ืจืช-ืžื—ืฅ --
11:25
something about the Ignited Negro College Fund.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืคื•ื—ื.
11:29
Clearly, it didn't come out of a Tonight Show monologue.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื ืžืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ "ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”".
11:33
And my guess here -- and I have no research on this --
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ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื™-- ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื›ืš --
11:35
is that if you really were to look back at it and if you could research it,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
11:38
you'd find out that comedy
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื”
11:40
is the second oldest viral profession.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
11:42
First there were drums
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื-ื˜ื,
11:44
and then knock-knock jokes.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื - ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”"ืžื™ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืคืง ื‘ื“ืœืช?"
11:46
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:48
But it's when you put all of these elements together --
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ืืš ืจืง ื›ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื --
11:51
when you get the viral appeal of a great joke
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ื›ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืกื ื”ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”
11:54
with a powerful punchline
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ื‘ืขืœืช ืฉื•ืจืช-ืžื—ืฅ ื—ื–ืงื”
11:56
that's crafted from honesty and integrity,
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ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจื”,
11:58
it can have a real world impact
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
12:01
at changing a conversation.
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ื•ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—.
12:03
Now I have a close friend, Joel Pett,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื’'ื•ืืœ ืคื˜,
12:05
who's the editorial cartoonist
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ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
12:07
for the Lexington Herald-Leader.
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ื‘"ืœืงืกื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืœื“-ืœื™ื“ืจ".
12:09
And he used to be the USA Today Monday morning guy.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ื‘' ื‘"ื™ื•-ืืก-ืื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื“ื™ื™".
12:12
I was visiting with Joel
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื ื’'ื•ืืœ
12:14
the weekend before the Copenhagen conference on climate change opened
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ื‘ืกื•ืค"ืฉ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
12:17
in December of 2009.
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ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2009.
12:19
And Joel was explaining to me
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ื•ื’'ื•ืืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™
12:21
that, because USA Today
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ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”"ื™ื•-ืืก-ืื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื“ื™ื™"
12:23
was one of America's four papers of record,
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืž-4 ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
12:25
it would be scanned by virtually everyone in attendance at the conference,
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื™ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•,
12:29
which meant that, if he hit it out of the park with his cartoon
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ืื– ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืœื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ืฉืœื•
12:32
on Monday, the opening day of the conference,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘', ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืขื™ื“ื”,
12:34
it could get passed around
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืคืฅ
12:36
at the highest level among actual decision-makers.
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:39
So we started talking about climate change.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
12:42
And it turned out that Joel and I
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ื•ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืืช ื’'ื•ืืœ ื•ืื•ืชื™
12:44
were both bothered by the same thing,
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ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
12:46
which was how so much of the debate
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ื•ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื
12:48
was still focused on the science
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืžื“ืขื™
12:50
and how complete it was or wasn't,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืื• ืœื,
12:52
which, to both of us,
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ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•,
12:54
seems somewhat intentionally off point.
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ื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื-ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
12:57
Because first of all, there's this false premise
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ื›ื™, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื›ื•ื–ื‘ืช
13:00
that such a thing as complete science exists.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื“ืข ืžื•ืฉืœื.
13:04
Now Governor Perry of my newly-adopted state of Texas
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ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ืคืจื™, ืžื˜ืงืกืก, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื™,
13:07
was pushing this same line this past summer
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ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
13:10
at the beginning of his oops-fated campaign
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกืข ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•
13:14
for the Republican presidential nomination,
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ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช,
13:17
proclaiming over and over that the science wasn't complete
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ื›ืฉื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœื,
13:20
at the same time that 250
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ื›ืฉืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘-250 ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช
13:23
out of 254 counties in the state of Texas
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ืžืชื•ืš 254 ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื˜ืงืกืก
13:26
were on fire.
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื• ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช.
13:29
And Perry's policy solution
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™,
13:31
was to ask the people of Texas
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื˜ืงืกืก
13:33
to pray for rain.
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ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื’ืฉื.
13:36
Personally, I was praying for four more fires
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ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืขื•ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช
13:38
so we could finally complete the damn science.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฉืœื.
13:41
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
13:46
But back in 2009,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘-2009,
13:48
the question Joel and I kept turning over and over
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื’'ื•ืืœ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ื”
13:51
was why this late in the game
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง
13:53
so much energy was being spent talking about the science
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ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ืข
13:56
when the policies necessary to address climate change
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
13:59
were unequivocally beneficial for humanity in the long run
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ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกืคืง,
14:03
regardless of the science.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื“ืข.
14:05
So we tossed it back and forth until Joel came up with this.
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ืื– ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ืขื ื–ื” ืงืฆืช, ื•ื’'ื•ืืœ ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื”:
14:08
Cartoon: "What if it's a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing?"
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ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื”: "ืžื” ืื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื™ื—ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื ื?"
14:16
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:19
You've got to love that idea.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื.
14:21
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
14:28
How about that? How about we create a better world for nothing?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื? ืžื” ืื ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื ื?
14:32
Not for God, not for country, not for profit --
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ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช, ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจื•ื•ื— --
14:35
just as a basic metric for global decision-making.
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ืกืชื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
14:39
And this cartoon hit the bull's eye.
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ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ื•ืœ.
14:42
Shortly after the conference was over,
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ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”,
14:44
Joel got a request for a signed copy
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ื’'ื•ืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืขื•ืชืง ื—ืชื•ื
14:46
from the head of the EPA in Washington
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ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
14:48
whose wall it now hangs on.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ืืฆืœื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ.
14:50
And not long after that, he got another request for a copy
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ื•ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืขื•ืชืง ื ื•ืกืฃ
14:53
from the head of the EPA in California
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ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
14:55
who used it as part of her presentation
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœื”
14:58
at an international conference on climate change
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ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
15:01
in Sacramento last year.
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ื‘ืกืงืจืžื ื˜ื•, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
15:03
And it didn't stop there.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื”.
15:05
To date, Joel's gotten requests from over 40 environmental groups,
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ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’'ื•ืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื,
15:08
in the United States, Canada and Europe.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืงื ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
15:11
And earlier this year,
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ื•ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”,
15:13
he got a request from the Green Party in Australia
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”
15:15
who used it in their campaign
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”
15:17
where it became part of the debate
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—
15:19
that resulted in the Australian parliament
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™
15:22
adopting the most rigorous carbon tax regime
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ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืžืกื™-ื”ืคื—ื ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:24
of any country in the world.
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ืžื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
15:27
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
15:32
That is a lot of punch
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฅ
15:34
for 14 words.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืช 11 ืžืœื™ื.
15:37
So my suggestion to those of you out here
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืืœื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื,
15:39
who are seriously focused on creating a better world
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ืฉืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
15:42
is to take a little bit of time each day
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ืงื—ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ
15:44
and practice thinking funny,
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ื•ื”ืชืืžื ื• ื‘ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื”,
15:47
because you might just find the question that you've been looking for.
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ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืš ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉืชื.
15:50
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
15:52
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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