Chris Bliss: Comedy is translation

61,773 views ใƒป 2012-02-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Young-ho Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:15
Gabriel Garcรญa Mรกrquez is one of my favorite writers,
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๊ฐ€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์—˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์•„ ๋งˆ์ผ€์ฆˆ๋Š”
00:17
for his storytelling,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ธ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š”
00:19
but even more, I think,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์˜
00:21
for the beauty and precision of his prose.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๊ณผ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And whether it's the opening line from "One Hundred Years of Solitude"
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด '100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ณ ๋…' ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜
00:27
or the fantastical stream of consciousness
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๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ •๊ธ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
00:29
in "Autumn of the Patriarch,"
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๋น„ํ‹€์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š”
00:31
where the words rush by,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€์—์„œ ์‰ผ์„ธ์—†์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
00:33
page after page of unpunctuated imagery
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค๋กœ ๋…์ž๋“ค์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด
00:35
sweeping the reader along
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์ˆจ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ, ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” [*์—ญ,ํ™”๋ฉด: ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒฉ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋ ๋ผ๋…ธ ๋ถ€์—”๋””์•„ ๋Œ€๋ น์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ž๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ์˜คํ›„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.]๊ฐ€๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์—˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ๋งˆ์ผ€์ฆˆ "traanslator, traitor" ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์†๋‹ด]
00:37
like some wild river
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๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ธ '์กฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„'์—์„œ์˜ [Many years later, as he faced the firing sqauad, Colonel Aureliano Buendia was to remember that distant afternoon when his father tool him to discover ice." ]
00:39
twisting through a primal South American jungle,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ด๋˜
00:41
reading Mรกrquez is a visceral experience.
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๋งˆ์ผ€์ฆˆ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์ง€์š”.
00:44
Which struck me as particularly remarkable
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:46
during one session with the novel
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ์— ํœฉ์“ธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:48
when I realized that I was being swept along
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
00:50
on this remarkable, vivid journey
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ
00:53
in translation.
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์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:55
Now I was a comparative literature major in college,
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ•™์„ ์ „๊ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:57
which is like an English major,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
00:59
only instead of being stuck studying Chaucer for three months,
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์„ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์ดˆ์„œ๋งŒ [*์˜์‹œ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฐ ์˜๊ตญ ์‹œ์ธ]
01:01
we got to read great literature in translation
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ
01:03
from around the world.
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๋ฌธํ•™์„ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:05
And as great as these books were,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
01:07
you could always tell
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ
01:09
that you were getting close to the full effect.
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์›๋ฌธ๋งŒ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
01:11
But not so with Mรกrquez
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ผ€์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜
01:13
who once praised his translator's versions
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์›๋ณธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:15
as being better than his own,
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์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:18
which is an astonishing compliment.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€์š”.
01:21
So when I heard that the translator, Gregory Rabassa,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํŒ๋“ค์„ ์“ด ๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋ผ๋ฐ”์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š”
01:23
had written his own book on the subject,
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„
01:25
I couldn't wait to read it.
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๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•™์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:27
It's called apropos of the Italian adage
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด "If This Be Treason"์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:29
that I lifted from his forward,
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์ฑ…์˜ '์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์†๋‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ'์—์„œ
01:31
"If This Be Treason."
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๋ฒ ๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:33
And it's a charming read.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
It's highly recommended for anyone who's interested
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์™„๊ณผ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
01:37
in the translator's art.
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๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ € ์—†์ด ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
But the reason that I mention it
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:41
is that early on, Rabassa offers
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ผ๋ฐ”์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
01:43
this elegantly simple insight:
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:47
"Every act of communication
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ†ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์€
01:49
is an act of translation."
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋‹ค."
01:52
Now maybe that's been obvious to all of you for a long time,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
01:55
but for me,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„
01:57
as often as I'd encountered
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š”
01:59
that exact difficulty on a daily basis,
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ
02:01
I had never seen the inherent challenge of communication
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์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
02:04
in so crystalline a light.
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๋Š๊ปด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:06
Ever since I can remember
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ
02:08
thinking consciously about such things,
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—
02:10
communication has been my central passion.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ์™”์ฃ .
02:12
Even as a child,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„
02:14
I remember thinking that what I really wanted most in life
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
02:17
was to be able to understand everything
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
02:20
and then to communicate it to everyone else.
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์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So no ego problems.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์ชฝ์œผ๋ก  ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
02:26
It's funny, my wife, Daisy,
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๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์™€์ดํ”„์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
02:28
whose family is littered with schizophrenics --
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์ •์‹  ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ธ€๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ --
02:30
and I mean littered with them --
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ œ ์™€์ดํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
02:33
once said to me, "Chris, I already have a brother who thinks he's God.
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"์—ฌ๋ณด, ๋‚œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋น ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:37
I don't need a husband who wants to be."
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์‹ ์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:41
Anyway, as I plunged through my 20s
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ํ•˜์—ฌํŠผ, ์ €๋Š” 20๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
02:43
ever more aware of how unobtainable
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜
02:45
the first part of my childhood ambition was,
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์•ผ๋ง์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:48
it was that second part,
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์ ์  ๋” ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:50
being able to successfully communicate to others
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ป๋Š” ์ง€์‹์„ ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:52
whatever knowledge I was gaining,
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์ „ํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•ผ๋ง์ด ๋ถ€์งˆ์—†๋Š”
02:54
where the futility of my quest really set in.
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ํฌ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:57
Time after time,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑฐ์ฐฝํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ
02:59
whenever I set out to share some great truth
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์ „ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ
03:01
with a soon-to-be grateful recipient,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
03:03
it had the opposite effect.
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๊ทธ์™€ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:06
Interestingly, when your opening line of communication is,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ „ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
03:08
"Hey, listen up,
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„
03:10
because I'm about to drop some serious knowledge on you,"
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์ „๋‹ฌ ํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์œผ์‡ผ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฒซ๋งˆ๋””๋ฅผ
03:14
it's amazing how quickly you'll discover
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๋˜์ง€๋ฉด ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์—
03:16
both ice and the firing squad.
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์ฐ๋ ํ•จ๊ณผ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:20
Finally, after about 10 years
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 10๋…„๊ฐ„
03:22
of alienating friends and strangers alike,
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์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์™ธ๋‹นํ•œ ํ›„
03:25
I finally got it,
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์ €๋Š” ๋“œ๋””์–ด
03:27
a new personal truth all my own,
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์ œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ
03:30
that if I was going to ever communicate well with other people
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์ „ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ
03:34
the ideas that I was gaining,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:36
I'd better find a different way of going about it.
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์ฒ ์น™์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:38
And that's when I discovered comedy.
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์ฆ‰, ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:41
Now comedy travels along a distinct wavelength
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ
03:44
from other forms of language.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€์š”.
03:46
If I had to place it on an arbitrary spectrum,
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž„์˜์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ
03:48
I'd say it falls somewhere
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ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
03:50
between poetry and lies.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋””์ฏค ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:54
And I'm not talking about all comedy here,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด์—์„œ
03:56
because, clearly, there's plenty of humor
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์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:58
that colors safely within the lines of what we already think and feel.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:01
What I want to talk about
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:03
is the unique ability that the best comedy and satire has
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์ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์™€ ํ’์ž๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฐด
04:06
at circumventing our ingrained perspectives --
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์„ ์ž…๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์šฐํšŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
04:09
comedy as the philosopher's stone.
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๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:12
It takes the base metal of our conventional wisdom
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”
04:15
and transforms it through ridicule
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'ํ˜„์ž์˜ ๋Œ'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋น„์›ƒ์Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:17
into a different way of seeing
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๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
04:19
and ultimately being in the world.
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์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:21
Because that's what I take
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:23
from the theme of this conference: Gained in Translation.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ '๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
That it's about communication
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์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ
04:28
that doesn't just produce greater understanding
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๋” ํฐ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:30
within the individual,
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์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š”
04:32
but leads to real change.
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:34
Which in my experience means communication
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:36
that manages to speak to and expand
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š”
04:39
our concept of self-interest.
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:42
Now I'm big on speaking to people's self-interest
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ
04:44
because we're all wired for that.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
It's part of our survival package,
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์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์กด์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์—
04:48
and that's why it's become so important for us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:51
and that's why we're always listening at that level.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€์š”.
04:54
And also because that's where,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์ด์ต์„
04:57
in terms of our own self-interest,
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์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด
04:59
we finally begin to grasp
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ
05:01
our ability to respond, our responsibility
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:04
to the rest of the world.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์ฃ .
05:06
Now as to what I mean by the best comedy and satire,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์™€ ํ’์ž์—์„œ
05:09
I mean work that comes first and foremost
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ 
05:11
from a place of honesty and integrity.
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์ง„์‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Now if you think back
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ํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ํŽ˜์ด๊ฐ€ Saturday Night Live
05:16
on Tina Fey's impersonations on Saturday Night Live
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ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
05:19
of the newly nominated vice presidential candidate
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๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ›„๋ณด ์‚ฌ๋ผ ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ์„
05:21
Sarah Palin,
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ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”
05:23
they were devastating.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:25
Fey demonstrated far more effectively than any political pundit
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ํŽ˜์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ
05:28
the candidate's fundamental lack of seriousness,
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๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ›„๋ณด๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค
05:31
cementing an impression
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์ •์น˜ ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ
05:33
that the majority of the American public still holds today.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:36
And the key detail of this
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:38
is that Fey's scripts weren't written by her
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ํŽ˜์ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
05:40
and they weren't written by the SNL writers.
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SNL ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
They were lifted verbatim
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ํŽ˜์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ์ด ํ•œ ๋ง๋“ค์„
05:44
from Palin's own remarks.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ์ž ํ•œ์ž ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:50
Here was a Palin impersonator
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ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŽ˜์ผ๋ฆฐ์˜
05:52
quoting Palin word for word.
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๋ง์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:54
Now that's honesty and integrity,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰ ํŽ˜์ด์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ 
05:56
and it's also why Fey's performances
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์ง„์‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:58
left such a lasting impression.
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์˜ค๋žœ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:00
On the other side of the political spectrum,
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๊ทธ์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ธ
06:03
the first time that I heard Rush Limbaugh
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ ๋ฆผ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ นํ›„๋ณด
06:05
refer to presidential hopeful John Edwards as the Breck girl
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์กด ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰ ์ƒดํ‘ธ๊ด‘๊ณ ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š”
06:09
I knew that he'd made a direct hit.
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๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง๊ฒฉํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
06:12
Now it's not often that I'm going to associate
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฆผ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:14
the words honesty and integrity with Limbaugh,
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'์ •์ง' ์ด๋‚˜ '์ง„์‹ค' ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
06:17
but it's really hard to argue with that punchline.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ง์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
06:20
The description perfectly captured
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ƒดํ‘ธ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด
06:22
Edwards' personal vanity.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ—ˆ์˜์„ ํ•จ์ถ•์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:24
And guess what?
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:26
That ended up being the exact personality trait
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค์˜
06:28
that was at the core of the scandal that ended his political career.
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์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”. [*์Šค์บ”๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋กœ ์ •๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚จ]
06:33
Now The Daily Show with John Stewart
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๋ฐ์ผ๋ฆฌ ์‡ผ์˜ ์ฃค ์ŠคํŠœ์›ŒํŠธ๋Š”
06:35
is by far the most --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ --
06:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:46
it's by far the most well-documented example
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
06:49
of the effectiveness of this kind of comedy.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋œ ์˜ˆ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:52
Survey after survey,
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ํ“จ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:54
from Pew Research to the Annenberg Center for Public Policy,
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์•„๋„จ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ณต์ •์ฑ…์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š”
06:57
has found that Daily Show viewers are better informed about current events
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๋ฐ์ผ๋ฆฌ์‡ผ์˜ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋‰ด์Šค ์‡ผ์˜
07:00
than the viewers of all major network and cable news shows.
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์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์งˆ ๋†’์€ ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€์š”.
07:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:07
Now whether this says more
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜
07:09
about the conflict between integrity and profitability
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๋‰ด์Šค์˜ ์„ฑ์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์ต์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€
07:12
of corporate journalism
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์ŠคํŠœ์›ŒํŠธ์‡ผ์˜ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์ด
07:14
than it does about the attentiveness of Stewart's viewers,
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๋” ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ฒญ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
07:16
the larger point remains
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ŠคํŠœ์›ŒํŠธ์˜
07:18
that Stewart's material
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์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ
07:20
is always grounded in a commitment to the facts --
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๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ
07:23
not because his intent is to inform. It's not.
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์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
07:25
His intent is to be funny.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:27
It just so happens that Stewart's brand of funny
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ŠคํŠœ์›ŒํŠธ ์‹์˜ ์œ ๋จธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
07:30
doesn't work unless the facts are true.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋จนํžˆ์งˆ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:33
And the result is great comedy
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •๊ทœ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:35
that's also an information delivery system
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์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ  ๋‰ด์Šค ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
07:38
that scores markedly higher in both credibility and retention
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์ธ
07:41
than the professional news media.
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์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:44
Now this is doubly ironic
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:46
when you consider that what gives comedy its edge
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์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
07:49
at reaching around people's walls
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๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:51
is the way that it uses deliberate misdirection.
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๋”์šฑ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
A great piece of comedy is a verbal magic trick,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
07:57
where you think it's going over here
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ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
07:59
and then all of a sudden you're transported over here.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ง์žฅ๋‚œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:02
And there's this mental delight
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์— ๋’ค์ด์–ด
08:04
that's followed by the physical response of laughter,
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์œก์ฒด์ ์ธ ์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:06
which, not coincidentally,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ
08:08
releases endorphins in the brain.
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์—”๋Œํ•€์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€์š”.
08:10
And just like that, you've been seduced
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ๋กœ ์—”๋Œํ•€์ด
08:12
into a different way of looking at something
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๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋„ˆํŠธ๋ ค์„œ
08:14
because the endorphins have brought down your defenses.
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
08:17
This is the exact opposite
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ๊ณตํฌ,
08:19
of the way that anger and fear and panic,
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๋‹นํ™ฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ํˆฌ์Ÿ-๋„์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด
08:21
all of the flight-or-fight responses, operate.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ง€์š”.
08:24
Flight-or-fight releases adrenalin,
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ํˆฌ์ง•-๋„์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์—
08:27
which throws our walls up sky-high.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฐ๊ฐ™์ด ์Œ“์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
08:29
And the comedy comes along,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ธ์ข…, ์ข…๊ต, ์ •์น˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:31
dealing with a lot of the same areas
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์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ€
08:33
where our defenses are the strongest --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค๋ฉด
08:35
race, religion, politics, sexuality --
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์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์œ ๋จธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:38
only by approaching them through humor instead of adrenalin,
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์—”๋Œํ•€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ๋กœ
08:41
we get endorphins
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์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ
08:43
and the alchemy of laughter turns our walls into windows,
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ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
08:46
revealing a fresh and unexpected point of view.
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๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:49
Now let me give you an example from my act.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
08:52
I have some material
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์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:54
about the so-called radical gay agenda,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
08:56
which starts off by asking,
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'๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์˜์ œ'๊ฐ€
08:58
how radical is the gay agenda?
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:00
Because from what I can tell, the three things gay Americans seem to want most
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”
09:03
are to join the military, get married and start a family.
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3๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:10
Three things I've tried to avoid my entire life.
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์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:16
Have at it you radical bastards. The field is yours.
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์•ผ ๊ธ‰์ง„์  ๋†ˆ๋“ค์•„, ๋‹ˆ๋„ค๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋ง˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋จน์–ด!
09:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:22
And that's followed by these lines
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ ํ™”์ œ๋Š” ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋“ค์˜
09:24
about gay adoption:
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์ž…์–‘๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ :
09:26
What is the problem with gay adoption?
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๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž ์ž…์–‘๊ถŒ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:28
Why is this remotely controversial?
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์ด๊ฑด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:30
If you have a baby and you think that baby's gay,
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์ €๋Š” ๋™์„ฑ์• ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ“๋‚œ ์• ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด
09:33
you should be allowed to put it up for adoption.
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๋ง˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž…์–‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:37
You have given birth to an abomination.
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ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง‘์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ
09:39
Remove it from your household.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์•ผ์ฃ .
09:43
Now by taking the biblical epithet "abomination"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์š•์ ์ธ
09:46
and attaching it to the ultimate image of innocence, a baby,
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์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์ธ "ํ˜์˜ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆœ๊ฒฐ์˜
09:50
this joke short circuits the emotional wiring
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ธ ๊ฐ“๋‚œ์•„๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์ž„์œผ๋กœ์„œ
09:52
behind the debate
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๊ทธ ๋†๋‹ด์€ ํ† ๋ก ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์˜
09:54
and it leaves the audience with the opportunity, through their laughter,
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๋’ค์— ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
09:57
to question its validity.
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
09:59
Misdirection isn't the only trick
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
10:01
that comedy has up its sleeve.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„
10:03
Economy of language
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌ˜์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:05
is another real strong suit of great comedy.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:07
There are few phrases
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์œ ๋จธ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:09
that pack a more concentrated dose of subject and symbol
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์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ํ•จ์ถ•๋œ
10:12
than the perfect punchline.
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Bill Hicks -- and if you don't know his work,
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์–ธ ๋นŒ ํž‰์Šค -- ํ˜น์‹œ Bill Hicks๋ฅผ
10:16
you should really Google him --
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๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ผญ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Hicks had a routine
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ํž‰์Šค์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋”” ์†Œ์žฌ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—
10:20
about getting into one of those childhood bragging contests on the playground,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์•  ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์ž˜๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹คํˆฌ๋Š”
10:23
where finally the other kid says to him,
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์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด
10:25
"Huh? Well my dad can beat up your dad,"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋น ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋„ค ์•„๋น ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด."
10:28
to which Hicks replies,
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์€ ๊ผฌ๋งˆ๊ฐ€
10:30
"Really? How soon?"
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"์ •๋ง? ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:37
That's an entire childhood
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์ „ ์œ ๋…„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ [์—ญ: ์›๋ฌธ์€ Really? How soon?]
10:39
in three words.
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ํ•จ์ถ•๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:44
Not to mention what it reveals
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์• ๋“ค์˜
10:46
about the adult who's speaking them.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ์ง€์š”.
10:48
And one last powerful attribute
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๊ฐ€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜
10:50
that comedy has as communication
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๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํž˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š”
10:52
is that it's inherently viral.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:54
People can't wait
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์€ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋†๋‹ด์„
10:56
to pass along that new great joke.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
10:58
And this isn't some new phenomenon of our wired world.
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ์ƒ๊ธด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:01
Comedy has been crossing country
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด,
11:03
with remarkable speed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” TV๊ฐ€
11:05
way before the Internet, social media,
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์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋„ ์ „๊ตญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
11:07
even cable TV.
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์œ ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:09
Back in 1980
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1980๋…„์— ์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์–ธ
11:11
when comedian Richard Pryor accidentally set himself on fire
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๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ํƒœ์›Œ์„œ ํก์ธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•ด์„œ
11:14
during a freebasing accident,
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชธ์— ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ถ™์˜€์„ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋Š”
11:16
I was in Los Angeles the day after it happened
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ์— LA์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚ ์—๋Š”
11:18
and then I was in Washington D.C. two days after that.
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:22
And I heard the exact same punchline on both coasts --
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Ignited Negro College Fund๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๊ณ ์ €์ฉŒ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
11:25
something about the Ignited Negro College Fund.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:29
Clearly, it didn't come out of a Tonight Show monologue.
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๊ทธ ๋†๋‹ด์€ ํˆฌ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํผ์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:33
And my guess here -- and I have no research on this --
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ œ ์ถ”์ธก์ธ๋ฐ --
11:35
is that if you really were to look back at it and if you could research it,
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๋ญ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š” --
11:38
you'd find out that comedy
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
11:40
is the second oldest viral profession.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
First there were drums
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์ œ์ผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋“œ๋Ÿผ์ด๊ณ 
11:44
and then knock-knock jokes.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ '๋…ธํฌ๋…ธํฌ' ๋†๋‹ด์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:48
But it's when you put all of these elements together --
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์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์‹ค์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์ง„
11:51
when you get the viral appeal of a great joke
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
11:54
with a powerful punchline
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ๊ฒธ๋น„ํ•œ
11:56
that's crafted from honesty and integrity,
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””๋Š” ์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
11:58
it can have a real world impact
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:01
at changing a conversation.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:03
Now I have a close friend, Joel Pett,
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๋ ‰์‹ฑํ„ด ํ—ค๋Ÿด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜
12:05
who's the editorial cartoonist
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์‹œ์‚ฌ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€์ธ ์กฐ์—˜ ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋Š”
12:07
for the Lexington Herald-Leader.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ
12:09
And he used to be the USA Today Monday morning guy.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์—๋Š” USA ํˆฌ๋ฐ์ด ๋จผ๋ฐ์ด ๋ชจ๋‹์ง€์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:12
I was visiting with Joel
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์ €๋Š” 2009๋…„ 12์›”์— ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
12:14
the weekend before the Copenhagen conference on climate change opened
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์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ฃผ๋ง์—
12:17
in December of 2009.
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์กฐ์—˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:19
And Joel was explaining to me
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์กฐ์—˜์ด ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ
12:21
that, because USA Today
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USA Today๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜
12:23
was one of America's four papers of record,
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4๋Œ€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:25
it would be scanned by virtually everyone in attendance at the conference,
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์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€
12:29
which meant that, if he hit it out of the park with his cartoon
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ํ›‘์–ด ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
12:32
on Monday, the opening day of the conference,
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์›”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ํžˆํŠธ ์น˜๋Š” ์นดํˆฐ์„ ์‹ค์œผ๋ฉด
12:34
it could get passed around
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
12:36
at the highest level among actual decision-makers.
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๊ทธ ์นดํˆฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:39
So we started talking about climate change.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:42
And it turned out that Joel and I
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:44
were both bothered by the same thing,
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์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:46
which was how so much of the debate
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ํ† ๋ก  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
12:48
was still focused on the science
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ์ง€์—
12:50
and how complete it was or wasn't,
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์ง‘์ค‘๋ผ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ† ๋ก ์˜
12:52
which, to both of us,
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:54
seems somewhat intentionally off point.
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ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์ง€์š”.
12:57
Because first of all, there's this false premise
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
13:00
that such a thing as complete science exists.
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๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์— ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:04
Now Governor Perry of my newly-adopted state of Texas
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ์ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ„ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์ฃผ์˜ ํŽ˜๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š”
13:07
was pushing this same line this past summer
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์ž‘๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ํ›„๋ณด ๊ฒฝ์„ ์—์„œ
13:10
at the beginning of his oops-fated campaign
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์„  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Š”
13:14
for the Republican presidential nomination,
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 254๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ
13:17
proclaiming over and over that the science wasn't complete
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250๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
13:20
at the same time that 250
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์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:23
out of 254 counties in the state of Texas
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:26
were on fire.
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:29
And Perry's policy solution
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ํŽ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€
13:31
was to ask the people of Texas
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ
13:33
to pray for rain.
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๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ• ๋†ˆ์˜
13:36
Personally, I was praying for four more fires
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
13:38
so we could finally complete the damn science.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 4๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:46
But back in 2009,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2009๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ
13:48
the question Joel and I kept turning over and over
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์กฐ์—˜๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
13:51
was why this late in the game
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
13:53
so much energy was being spent talking about the science
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
13:56
when the policies necessary to address climate change
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ตํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ๋ฐ ์™œ ์•„์ง๋„
13:59
were unequivocally beneficial for humanity in the long run
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
14:03
regardless of the science.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:05
So we tossed it back and forth until Joel came up with this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ์„๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งœ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นดํˆฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:08
Cartoon: "What if it's a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing?"
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์นดํˆฐ: "์ด๊ฒŒ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†์ด ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•˜์ง€?"
14:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:19
You've got to love that idea.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋ง‰ํžŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ฃ .
14:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:28
How about that? How about we create a better world for nothing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
14:32
Not for God, not for country, not for profit --
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์‹ ์ด๋‚˜, ์กฐ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜, ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ
14:35
just as a basic metric for global decision-making.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:39
And this cartoon hit the bull's eye.
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์ด ์นดํˆฐ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด์ง€์š”.
14:42
Shortly after the conference was over,
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์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ์งํ›„ ์กฐ์—˜์€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ†ค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
14:44
Joel got a request for a signed copy
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฒญ(EPA) ์ฒญ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ธ์ธ๋œ
14:46
from the head of the EPA in Washington
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๋ณต์‚ฌํŒ์„ ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:48
whose wall it now hangs on.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ์ฃ .
14:50
And not long after that, he got another request for a copy
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋ผ์„œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ EPA ์ฒญ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„
14:53
from the head of the EPA in California
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๋ณต์‚ฌํŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
14:55
who used it as part of her presentation
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ์‚ฌํฌ๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ๋˜
14:58
at an international conference on climate change
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„
15:01
in Sacramento last year.
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ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:03
And it didn't stop there.
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์กฐ์—˜์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€
15:05
To date, Joel's gotten requests from over 40 environmental groups,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 40๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:08
in the United States, Canada and Europe.
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๋ณต์‚ฌํŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
15:11
And earlier this year,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ์— ์กฐ์—˜์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜
15:13
he got a request from the Green Party in Australia
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ทธ ์นดํˆฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š”
15:15
who used it in their campaign
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์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋Š”
15:17
where it became part of the debate
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ๊ทธ ์นดํˆฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
15:19
that resulted in the Australian parliament
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๊ตญํšŒ๋Š”
15:22
adopting the most rigorous carbon tax regime
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ
15:24
of any country in the world.
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ํƒ„์†Œ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
15:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:32
That is a lot of punch
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 14๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ
15:34
for 14 words.
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์–ป์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ง€์š”.
15:37
So my suggestion to those of you out here
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ 
15:39
who are seriously focused on creating a better world
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์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
15:42
is to take a little bit of time each day
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๋ง์”€์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์‹ ์œ ๋จธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
15:44
and practice thinking funny,
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์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
because you might just find the question that you've been looking for.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:50
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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