Nina Tandon: Could tissue engineering mean personalized medicine?

128,447 views ใƒป 2012-12-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I'd like to show you a video of some of the models
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช
00:18
I work with.
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ืื™ืชืŸ ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
00:19
They're all the perfect size, and they don't have an ounce of fat.
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ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ.
00:23
Did I mention they're gorgeous?
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ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช?
00:25
And they're scientific models? (Laughs)
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ื•ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช? [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:28
As you might have guessed, I'm a tissue engineer,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื, ืื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช,
00:31
and this is a video of some of the beating heart
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ื•ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื‘ ื”ืคื•ืขื
00:33
that I've engineered in the lab.
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ืฉืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
00:35
And one day we hope that these tissues
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืืœื”
00:37
can serve as replacement parts for the human body.
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ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื—ืœืงื™-ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
00:40
But what I'm going to tell you about today
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ืืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
00:43
is how these tissues make awesome models.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช.
00:47
Well, let's think about the drug screening process for a moment.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจื’ืข ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
00:50
You go from drug formulation, lab testing, animal testing,
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ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื,
00:53
and then clinical trials, which you might call human testing,
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ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
00:55
before the drugs get to market.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื•ืง.
00:57
It costs a lot of money, a lot of time,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
01:01
and sometimes, even when a drug hits the market,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื•ืง,
01:03
it acts in an unpredictable way and actually hurts people.
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ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื–ื•ื™ ื•ืžืžืฉ ืžื–ื™ืงื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
01:07
And the later it fails, the worse the consequences.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื›ืฉืœ ืฉืœื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช.
01:11
It all boils down to two issues. One, humans are not rats,
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืœืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื', ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:16
and two, despite our incredible similarities to one another,
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ื•-ื‘', ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•,
01:20
actually those tiny differences between you and I
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ืœืื•ืชื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™
01:22
have huge impacts with how we metabolize drugs
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
01:25
and how those drugs affect us.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื•.
01:27
So what if we had better models in the lab
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
01:29
that could not only mimic us better than rats
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื
01:33
but also reflect our diversity?
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™?
01:37
Let's see how we can do it with tissue engineering.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช.
01:40
One of the key technologies that's really important
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ืื—ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:43
is what's called induced pluripotent stem cells.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืจื™ื".
01:46
They were developed in Japan pretty recently.
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ื”ื ืคื•ืชื—ื• ื“ื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ.
01:49
Okay, induced pluripotent stem cells.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืžื•ืฉืจื™ื.
01:51
They're a lot like embryonic stem cells
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ื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžืื“ ืœืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื™ื
01:53
except without the controversy.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช.
01:56
We induce cells, okay, say, skin cells,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืจื™ื ืชืื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืชืื™ ืขื•ืจ,
01:58
by adding a few genes to them, culturing them,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื ื™ื, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช,
02:01
and then harvesting them.
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ื•ืื– ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืื•ืชื.
02:03
So they're skin cells that can be tricked,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœื” ืชืื™ ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื,
02:05
kind of like cellular amnesia, into an embryonic state.
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื™ื›ื—ื” ืชืื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™.
02:08
So without the controversy, that's cool thing number one.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช, ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืžืก' ืื—ื“.
02:11
Cool thing number two, you can grow any type of tissue
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ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืžืก' ืฉื ื™ื™ื: ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืžื”ื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื”:
02:13
out of them: brain, heart, liver, you get the picture,
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ืจืงืžืช ืžื•ื—, ืœื‘, ื›ื‘ื“ - ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ -
02:16
but out of your cells.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืชืื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
02:18
So we can make a model of your heart, your brain
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
02:22
on a chip.
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ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘.
02:25
Generating tissues of predictable density and behavior
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ื”ืคืงืช ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช-ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™
02:27
is the second piece, and will be really key towards
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžืคืชื—
02:30
getting these models to be adopted for drug discovery.
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ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
02:33
And this is a schematic of a bioreactor we're developing in our lab
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ื–ื”ื• ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืชื ื•
02:36
to help engineer tissues in a more modular, scalable way.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ.
02:39
Going forward, imagine a massively parallel version of this
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ื ืžืฉื™ืš: ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื”
02:43
with thousands of pieces of human tissue.
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ืขื ืืœืคื™ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
02:45
It would be like having a clinical trial on a chip.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘.
02:49
But another thing about these induced pluripotent stem cells
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืžื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืœื”
02:53
is that if we take some skin cells, let's say,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื ื™ืงื— ืชืื™ ืขื•ืจ, ื ื ื™ื—,
02:56
from people with a genetic disease
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ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช
02:58
and we engineer tissues out of them,
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ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืก ืžื”ื ืจืงืžื•ืช,
03:00
we can actually use tissue-engineering techniques
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืฆืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช
03:02
to generate models of those diseases in the lab.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
03:05
Here's an example from Kevin Eggan's lab at Harvard.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืžืขื‘ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื”ืืจื•ื•ืจื“.
03:09
He generated neurons
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืง ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื
03:11
from these induced pluripotent stem cells
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ืžืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืžื•ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
03:14
from patients who have Lou Gehrig's Disease,
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ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ืžื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ืœื• ื’ืจื™ื’,
03:17
and he differentiated them into neurons, and what's amazing
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ื–ื™ื”ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื,
03:19
is that these neurons also show symptoms of the disease.
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ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
03:22
So with disease models like these, we can fight back
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ืื– ืขื ื“ื’ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ื›ืืœื”, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื”
03:24
faster than ever before and understand the disease better
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ืžื”ืจ ืžืื™-ืคืขื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:27
than ever before, and maybe discover drugs even faster.
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ืžืื™-ืคืขื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:31
This is another example of patient-specific stem cells
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ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื-ืœื—ื•ืœื”
03:34
that were engineered from someone with retinitis pigmentosa.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืกื• ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื˜ื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ื•ื–ื”.
03:38
This is a degeneration of the retina.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืชื™ืช.
03:40
It's a disease that runs in my family, and we really hope
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ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™, ื•ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื
03:43
that cells like these will help us find a cure.
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ืฉืชืื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื”.
03:45
So some people think that these models sound well and good,
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ,
03:48
but ask, "Well, are these really as good as the rat?"
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ื”ืื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช?
03:51
The rat is an entire organism, after all,
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ,
03:54
with interacting networks of organs.
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ืขื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”.
03:56
A drug for the heart can get metabolized in the liver,
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ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืœื‘ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืง ื‘ื›ื‘ื“,
04:00
and some of the byproducts may be stored in the fat.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืžืŸ.
04:03
Don't you miss all that with these tissue-engineered models?
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ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช?"
04:07
Well, this is another trend in the field.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ืžื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
04:09
By combining tissue engineering techniques with microfluidics,
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ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืข ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื,
04:12
the field is actually evolving towards just that,
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ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
04:14
a model of the entire ecosystem of the body,
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ืœื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
04:17
complete with multiple organ systems to be able to test
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ
04:19
how a drug you might take for your blood pressure
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ืื™ืš ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื
04:21
might affect your liver or an antidepressant might affect your heart.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืื• ืื™ืš ื ื•ื’ื“-ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘.
04:24
These systems are really hard to build, but we're just starting to be able to get there,
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ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืš,
04:28
and so, watch out.
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ืื– ืชืชื›ื•ื ื ื•.
04:32
But that's not even all of it, because once a drug is approved,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืข ืฉืžืืฉืจื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื”,
04:34
tissue engineering techniques can actually help us develop more personalized treatments.
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ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื-ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
04:38
This is an example that you might care about someday,
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ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื“ืื™ื’ ืืชื›ื ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•,
04:42
and I hope you never do,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
04:44
because imagine if you ever get that call
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ื›ื™ ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆื›ืžื ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื”
04:46
that gives you that bad news that you might have cancer.
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ืขื ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืขื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
04:49
Wouldn't you rather test to see if those cancer drugs
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ื”ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืกืจื˜ืŸ
04:52
you're going to take are going to work on your cancer?
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ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื?
04:55
This is an example from Karen Burg's lab, where they're
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืžืขื‘ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืงืืจืŸ ื‘ืจื’, ืฉื‘ื”
04:57
using inkjet technologies to print breast cancer cells
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืงืช-ื“ื™ื• ืœื”ื“ืคืกืช ืชืื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ-ืฉื“
05:00
and study its progressions and treatments.
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ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ื’ื“ื.
05:03
And some of our colleagues at Tufts are mixing models
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช "ื˜ืคื˜ืก" ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื“ื’ืžื™ื
05:05
like these with tissue-engineered bone to see how cancer
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืขื ืขืฆื ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกืช-ืจืงืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ
05:08
might spread from one part of the body to the next,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืžื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ,
05:11
and you can imagine those kinds of multi-tissue chips
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™-ืจืงืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
05:13
to be the next generation of these kinds of studies.
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ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:16
And so thinking about the models that we've just discussed,
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ืื– ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืกืงื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
05:19
you can see, going forward, that tissue engineering
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช
05:21
is actually poised to help revolutionize drug screening
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
05:23
at every single step of the path:
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš:
05:26
disease models making for better drug formulations,
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ื“ื’ืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
05:28
massively parallel human tissue models helping to revolutionize lab testing,
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ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืจืงืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
05:32
reduce animal testing and human testing in clinical trials,
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ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
05:36
and individualized therapies that disrupt
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ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื-ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™
05:38
what we even consider to be a market at all.
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™.
05:42
Essentially, we're dramatically speeding up that feedback
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื• ืžืื™ืฆื™ื ืžืื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”
05:44
between developing a molecule and learning about
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื•ื“ื•ืช
05:47
how it acts in the human body.
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ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
05:49
Our process for doing this is essentially transforming
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ืคืš
05:51
biotechnology and pharmacology into an information technology,
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ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:56
helping us discover and evaluate drugs faster,
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:59
more cheaply and more effectively.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
06:02
It gives new meaning to models against animal testing, doesn't it?
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:06
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7