Nina Tandon: Could tissue engineering mean personalized medicine?

128,321 views ・ 2012-12-06

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: K Bang κ²€ν† : 희상 κ°•
00:16
I'd like to show you a video of some of the models
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κ»˜ μ œκ°€ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡λͺ‡ λͺ¨λΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό
00:18
I work with.
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λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
00:19
They're all the perfect size, and they don't have an ounce of fat.
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ 크기도 μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ³ , 단 1 온슀(μ•½ 30그램)의 지방도 κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ£ .
00:23
Did I mention they're gorgeous?
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ΄ μ•„μ£Ό 멋지닀고 μ œκ°€ 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ˜κ°€μš”?
00:25
And they're scientific models? (Laughs)
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그것듀은 과학적인 λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ΄μ—μš”. (μ›ƒμŒ)
00:28
As you might have guessed, I'm a tissue engineer,
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λ‹€λ“€ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ‹ λŒ€λ‘œ, μ €λŠ” 쑰직 κ³΅ν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
and this is a video of some of the beating heart
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그리고 λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 것은 μ œκ°€ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  심μž₯이
00:33
that I've engineered in the lab.
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λ›°κ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
And one day we hope that these tissues
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μ €λŠ” μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 이런 쑰직이 인체 κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ 일뢀λ₯Ό
00:37
can serve as replacement parts for the human body.
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λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜λŠ” 날이 였기λ₯Ό 바라고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
But what I'm going to tell you about today
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였늘 μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 것은 이런 쑰직듀이
00:43
is how these tissues make awesome models.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 κΈ°λ§‰νžŒ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Well, let's think about the drug screening process for a moment.
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음, μš°μ„  μž μ‹œ μ‹ μ•½ 검사 과정을 생각해 λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
00:50
You go from drug formulation, lab testing, animal testing,
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λ¨Όμ € 신약이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λ©΄, μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈμ™€ 동물 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ κ±°μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
and then clinical trials, which you might call human testing,
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그리고, μ‹œνŒν•˜κΈ° μ „μ—λŠ” 인간을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”
00:55
before the drugs get to market.
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μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜μ„ 거치게 되죠.
00:57
It costs a lot of money, a lot of time,
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이 κ³Όμ •μ—λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 돈이 λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
and sometimes, even when a drug hits the market,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ”, 신약이 μ‹œνŒλœ 이후에
01:03
it acts in an unpredictable way and actually hurts people.
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μ˜ˆμƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ λΆ€μž‘μš©μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ ν•΄λ₯Ό λΌμΉ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
01:07
And the later it fails, the worse the consequences.
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그런 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 더 ν•΄λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
It all boils down to two issues. One, humans are not rats,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것은 두 가지 문제둜 κ·€κ²°λ˜λŠ”λ°μš”. ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ³ μš”.
01:16
and two, despite our incredible similarities to one another,
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 세상에 믿을 수 없을 μ •λ„λ‘œ μ„œλ‘œ λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것도
01:20
actually those tiny differences between you and I
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό μ € μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό λ―Έμ„Έν•œ 차이쑰차도
01:22
have huge impacts with how we metabolize drugs
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약을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, 그리고 약이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ—
01:25
and how those drugs affect us.
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따라 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 차이λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
So what if we had better models in the lab
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 인간에 가깝고
01:29
that could not only mimic us better than rats
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인간이 가진 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±κΉŒμ§€ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λΈμ„
01:33
but also reflect our diversity?
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
01:37
Let's see how we can do it with tissue engineering.
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쑰직 곡학을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그런 것듀이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œμ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
01:40
One of the key technologies that's really important
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정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 핡심 기술 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
01:43
is what's called induced pluripotent stem cells.
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μœ λ„ 만λŠ₯ 쀄기세포라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—μš”.
01:46
They were developed in Japan pretty recently.
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이건 μ•„μ£Ό μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Okay, induced pluripotent stem cells.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. μœ λ„ 만λŠ₯ μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬λŠ” 말이죠.
01:51
They're a lot like embryonic stem cells
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이 세포듀은 λ°°μ•„ 쀄기 세포와 맀우 ν‘μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
except without the controversy.
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윀리적 λ…Όλž€μ΄ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒλ§Œ μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ μš”.
01:56
We induce cells, okay, say, skin cells,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세포λ₯Ό λ°œμ•„μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”. ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포λ₯Ό 예둜 λ“€μ£ .
01:58
by adding a few genes to them, culturing them,
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ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포에 λͺ‡ 가지 μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό μ£Όμž…ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°μ–‘ν•œ ν›„,
02:01
and then harvesting them.
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이걸 μ±„μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
So they're skin cells that can be tricked,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 이것은 κ°€κ³΅λœ ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포죠,
02:05
kind of like cellular amnesia, into an embryonic state.
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λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ μΌμ’…μ˜ 기얡을 μžƒμ€ 세포인데, λ°°μ•„μ˜ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
02:08
So without the controversy, that's cool thing number one.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 윀리적 λ…Όλž€μ΄ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것이 첫 번째 μž₯μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Cool thing number two, you can grow any type of tissue
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두 번째 μž₯점은 이 μ„Έν¬λ“€λ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 신체 쑰직이라도 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
out of them: brain, heart, liver, you get the picture,
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λ‡Œ, 심μž₯, κ°„, μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ .
02:16
but out of your cells.
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이런 것듀을 μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ²΄μ„Έν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
So we can make a model of your heart, your brain
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ„Έν¬μΉ©μœΌλ‘œ 심μž₯μ΄λ‚˜ λ‡Œμ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„
02:22
on a chip.
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λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Generating tissues of predictable density and behavior
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예츑 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 밀도와 행동을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 쑰직을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 것이
02:27
is the second piece, and will be really key towards
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ λ‹¨κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이것은 신약을 κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ”λ° ν•„μš”ν•œ
02:30
getting these models to be adopted for drug discovery.
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λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”λ° 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 과정이죠.
02:33
And this is a schematic of a bioreactor we're developing in our lab
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이것은 우리 μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œν•œ μƒλ¬Όλ°˜μ‘κΈ°μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ μ„€κ³„λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
to help engineer tissues in a more modular, scalable way.
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쑰직을 μ‘°ν•©ν•˜κ³  ν™•μž₯ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데에 도움을 μ£ΌκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 개발된 것이죠.
02:39
Going forward, imagine a massively parallel version of this
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쑰금 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ, 이런 것을 λŒ€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ 병렬 μ—°κ²°μ‹œν‚¨ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:43
with thousands of pieces of human tissue.
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 쑰직이 수천 κ°œλ‚˜ λ“€μ–΄μžˆκ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
It would be like having a clinical trial on a chip.
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이건 마치 μž„μƒ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 세포칩 μœ„μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ .
02:49
But another thing about these induced pluripotent stem cells
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그런데 이 μœ λ„ 만λŠ₯ μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬λ“€μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 츑면은
02:53
is that if we take some skin cells, let's say,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포λ₯Ό 일뢀 μ±„μ·¨ν•΄μ„œ, λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄,
02:56
from people with a genetic disease
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μœ μ „μ  μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 세포λ₯Ό μ±„μ·¨ν•΄μ„œ
02:58
and we engineer tissues out of them,
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κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 신체 쑰직을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
03:00
we can actually use tissue-engineering techniques
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사싀 μ €ν¬λŠ” 이런 쑰직 곡학 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
03:02
to generate models of those diseases in the lab.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ 그런 μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
Here's an example from Kevin Eggan's lab at Harvard.
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μ—¬κΈ° 이것은 ν•˜λ²„λ“œλŒ€ν•™μ˜ μΌ€λΉˆ 이건(Kevin Eggan)의 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Έ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
He generated neurons
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 μœ λ„ 만λŠ₯ μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ
03:11
from these induced pluripotent stem cells
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μ‹ κ²½ 세포λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
03:14
from patients who have Lou Gehrig's Disease,
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루 게릭 병을 μ•“κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ μœ λ„ 만λŠ₯ μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ
03:17
and he differentiated them into neurons, and what's amazing
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μ‹ κ²½ 세포λ₯Ό 뢄리해 λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ†€λΌμš΄ 것은
03:19
is that these neurons also show symptoms of the disease.
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이 μ‹ κ²½ 세포듀도 κ·Έ λ³‘μ˜ 증상을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
So with disease models like these, we can fight back
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이런 μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨λΈλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 병에 λŒ€ν•΄
03:24
faster than ever before and understand the disease better
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μ˜ˆμ „λ³΄λ‹€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있고, 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μ„œ
03:27
than ever before, and maybe discover drugs even faster.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 더 일찍 μΉ˜λ£Œμ•½μ„ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
This is another example of patient-specific stem cells
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이것은 ν™˜μž λ§žμΆ€ν˜• μ€„κΈ°μ„Έν¬μ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λ‘€μΈλ°μš”,
03:34
that were engineered from someone with retinitis pigmentosa.
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이 쀄기세포듀은 μƒ‰μ†Œμ„± 망막염을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œμ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
This is a degeneration of the retina.
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이것은 망막이 ν‡΄ν™”λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
It's a disease that runs in my family, and we really hope
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μ œκ²Œλ„ 이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μ•“κ³  μžˆλŠ” 가쑱이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:43
that cells like these will help us find a cure.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ 이런 것이 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ μ°ΎλŠ”λ° 도움이 되길 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
So some people think that these models sound well and good,
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이런 λͺ¨λΈμ΄ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  쒋은 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은
03:48
but ask, "Well, are these really as good as the rat?"
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œλ„ 묻죠. "이런 것듀이 정말 μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯λ§ŒνΌ μ’‹μ€κ°€μš”?"λΌκ³ μš”.
03:51
The rat is an entire organism, after all,
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μ₯λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ 전체가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 생λͺ…μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
with interacting networks of organs.
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μž₯기듀이 μ„œλ‘œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜μ£ .
03:56
A drug for the heart can get metabolized in the liver,
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심μž₯병 약은 κ°„μ—μ„œ λŒ€μ‚¬λ  μˆ˜λ„ 있고
04:00
and some of the byproducts may be stored in the fat.
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μ–΄λ–€ 뢀산물듀은 지방에 좕적될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Don't you miss all that with these tissue-engineered models?
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이런 쑰직 곡학적 λͺ¨λΈμ—λŠ” 그런 게 μ—†μ„κΉŒμš”?
04:07
Well, this is another trend in the field.
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음, 이건 이 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μΆ”μ„Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
By combining tissue engineering techniques with microfluidics,
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쑰직 곡학 κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ―Έμ„Έ 유체 μ—­ν•™κ³Ό κ²°ν•©μ‹œμΌœ
04:12
the field is actually evolving towards just that,
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이 λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” 사싀 그런 것을 ν–₯ν•΄ μ§„ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:14
a model of the entire ecosystem of the body,
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μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ 전체 μƒνƒœμ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이 λͺ©ν‘œμ§€μš”.
04:17
complete with multiple organ systems to be able to test
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ³΅μš©ν•œ 약이 간에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€
04:19
how a drug you might take for your blood pressure
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ν˜Ήμ€ ν•­μš°μšΈμ¦ μΉ˜λ£Œμ œκ°€ 심μž₯에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€ μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
04:21
might affect your liver or an antidepressant might affect your heart.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μž₯κΈ° μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 가진 μ™„λ²½ν•œ λͺ¨λΈ 말이죠.
04:24
These systems are really hard to build, but we're just starting to be able to get there,
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이런 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ 정말 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 막 그런 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜λ €λŠ”
04:28
and so, watch out.
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첫 λ°œμ„ λ—€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€μΌœλ΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
04:32
But that's not even all of it, because once a drug is approved,
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그런데 그게 μ „λΆ€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 일단 신약이 ν—ˆκ°€λ˜λ©΄
04:34
tissue engineering techniques can actually help us develop more personalized treatments.
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쑰직 곡학적 기술이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” λ”μš± 개인 λ§žμΆ€ν™”λœ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ κ°œλ°œν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
This is an example that you might care about someday,
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이것은 μ–Έμ  κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 관심을 κ°–κ²Œ 될 ν•œ 가지 μ˜ˆμ—μš”.
04:42
and I hope you never do,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λΌμ§€λ§Œ,
04:44
because imagine if you ever get that call
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 암에 걸렸닀든지 ν•˜λŠ” 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό
04:46
that gives you that bad news that you might have cancer.
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λ“£κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 경우λ₯Ό 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:49
Wouldn't you rather test to see if those cancer drugs
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λ³΅μš©ν•˜κ²Œ 될 μ•” μΉ˜λ£Œμ•½μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 가진 암에
04:52
you're going to take are going to work on your cancer?
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μž‘λ™ν• μ§€λ₯Ό μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄λ³΄κ³  싢지 μ•Šκ² μ–΄μš”?
04:55
This is an example from Karen Burg's lab, where they're
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이것은 카렌 버그(Karen Burg)의 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Έ μ˜ˆμ—μš”.
04:57
using inkjet technologies to print breast cancer cells
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μž‰ν¬μ ― κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ μœ λ°©μ•” 세포λ₯Ό ν”„λ¦°νŠΈν•΄μ„œ
05:00
and study its progressions and treatments.
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진행 κ³Όμ •κ³Ό μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
And some of our colleagues at Tufts are mixing models
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ν„°ν”„μΈ (Tufts)λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 제 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€ 이런 쑰직 곡학적 뼈λ₯Ό 가지고
05:05
like these with tissue-engineered bone to see how cancer
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λͺ¨λΈμ„ μœ΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ 암이 μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ
05:08
might spread from one part of the body to the next,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳으둜 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°€λŠ”μ§€ λ³Ό 수 있게 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
and you can imagine those kinds of multi-tissue chips
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이런 닀쀑 쑰직 칩이 이런 λ₯˜μ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
05:13
to be the next generation of these kinds of studies.
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μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ μ£Όμžκ°€ 될 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
And so thinking about the models that we've just discussed,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ λ…Όμ˜ν–ˆλ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„ 생각해보면
05:19
you can see, going forward, that tissue engineering
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계속 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€, 쑰직 곡학이 사싀
05:21
is actually poised to help revolutionize drug screening
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λͺ¨λ“  치료 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 신약을 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜λŠ” 방법을
05:23
at every single step of the path:
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ν˜μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€λ €λŠ” μ°Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
05:26
disease models making for better drug formulations,
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μ§ˆλ³‘ λͺ¨λΈμ΄ 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ‹ μ•½ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄κ³ ,
05:28
massively parallel human tissue models helping to revolutionize lab testing,
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 볡제 인간 쑰직 λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ€ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ
05:32
reduce animal testing and human testing in clinical trials,
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동물 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈμ™€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μž„μƒ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
and individualized therapies that disrupt
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그리고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹œμž₯ν™” ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜
05:38
what we even consider to be a market at all.
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개인 λ§žμΆ€ν™”λœ μ²˜λ°©μ—λ„ 도움이 되고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:42
Essentially, we're dramatically speeding up that feedback
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근본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆ„μžλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 것과 그것이 μΈκ°„μ˜ λͺΈ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
05:44
between developing a molecule and learning about
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λ €λŠ” 것 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 반볡 κ³Όμ •μ˜
05:47
how it acts in the human body.
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속도가 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 빨라지고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:49
Our process for doing this is essentially transforming
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μ΄λŸ°κ±Έν•˜λŠ” 과정은 근본적으둜 생λͺ… 곡학과
05:51
biotechnology and pharmacology into an information technology,
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약리학을 정보 기술둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이죠.
05:56
helping us discover and evaluate drugs faster,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 신약을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ , 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³ ,
05:59
more cheaply and more effectively.
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더 κ°’μ‹Έκ³ , 더 효과적인 약을 λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
It gives new meaning to models against animal testing, doesn't it?
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이것은 동물 μ‹€ν—˜μ— λ§žμ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λΈμ΄λΌλŠ”, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λœ»μ„ κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
06:06
Thank you. (Applause)
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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