Biomimicry in action | Janine Benyus

317,041 views ใƒป 2009-08-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Amit segal ืžื‘ืงืจ: Etai Yaffe
00:18
If I could reveal anything
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืฉื”ื•
00:22
that is hidden from us,
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ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
00:24
at least in modern cultures,
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช,
00:28
it would be to reveal something that we've forgotten,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื›ื—ื ื•,
00:32
that we used to know
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
00:34
as well as we knew our own names.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืฉืžื ื•.
00:38
And that is that we live in a competent universe,
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ,
00:42
that we are part of a brilliant planet,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืคืœื ื˜ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”.
00:45
and that we are surrounded by genius.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช.
00:49
Biomimicry is a new discipline
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ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืกืฆื™ืคืœื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
00:52
that tries to learn from those geniuses,
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ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
00:54
and take advice from them, design advice.
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ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืžื”ื ืขืฆื”, ืขืฆืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
00:58
That's where I live,
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื”.
01:01
and it's my university as well.
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ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™.
01:04
I'm surrounded by genius. I cannot help but
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ื’ืื•ื ื™ื. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
01:08
remember the organisms and the ecosystems
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืงื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืžื” (ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”)
01:13
that know how to live here gracefully on this planet.
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ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:18
This is what I would tell you to remember
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
01:20
if you ever forget this again.
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ืื ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
01:23
Remember this.
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ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื–ื”.
01:25
This is what happens every year.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
01:29
This is what keeps its promise.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•.
01:32
While we're doing bailouts, this is what happened.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืœื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
01:35
Spring.
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ืื‘ื™ื‘.
01:37
Imagine designing spring.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื–ื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘.
01:42
Imagine that orchestration.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:44
You think TED is hard to organize. (Laughter) Right?
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืช TED ืงืฉื” ืœืืจื’ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:48
Imagine, and if you haven't done this in a while, do.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ืื ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ืขืฉื•.
01:53
Imagine the timing, the coordination,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื™ืื•ื,
01:57
all without top-down laws,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ืชื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”,
02:01
or policies, or climate change protocols.
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ืื• ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
02:04
This happens every year.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
02:07
There is lots of showing off.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืื•ื•ืชื ื•ืช.
02:11
There is lots of love in the air.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
02:16
There's lots of grand openings.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
02:21
And the organisms, I promise you,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื,ืฉื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื,
02:23
have all of their priorities in order.
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:27
I have this neighbor that keeps me in touch with this,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื–ื”.
02:31
because he's living, usually on his back,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘,
02:33
looking up at those grasses.
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ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
02:36
And one time he came up to me --
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ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœื™ื™,
02:38
he was about seven or eight years old -- he came up to me.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื”.
02:40
And there was a wasp's nest
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืจืขื•ืช
02:42
that I had let grow in my yard,
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ืฉืืคืฉืจืชื™ ืœื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืฉืœื™.
02:44
right outside my door.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื“ืœืช ืฉืœื™.
02:47
And most people knock them down when they're small.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืฉื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
02:49
But it was fascinating to me,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืชืง.
02:51
because I was looking at this sort of fine Italian end papers.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™.
02:54
And he came up to me and he knocked.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœื™ื™ ื•ื“ืคืง.
02:56
He would come every day with something to show me.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื™.
02:59
And like, knock like a woodpecker on my door until I opened it up.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื ืงืจ, ื“ื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืื•ืชื”.
03:02
And he asked me
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™
03:06
how I had made the house for those wasps,
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ืื™ืš ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฆืจืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
03:13
because he had never seen one this big.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื” ืงืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:16
And I told him, "You know, Cody,
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืงื•ื“ื™,
03:19
the wasps actually made that."
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ื”ืฆืจืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”."
03:21
And we looked at it together.
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
03:23
And I could see why he thought,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘,
03:27
you know -- it was so beautifully done.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืš ื™ืคื”.
03:29
It was so architectural. It was so precise.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื™. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง.
03:32
But it occurred to me, how in his small life
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™, ืื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื
03:36
had he already believed the myth
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืก
03:40
that if something was that well done,
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ืฉืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘,
03:44
that we must have done it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
03:46
How did he not know --
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ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ืข,
03:49
it's what we've all forgotten --
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื›ื—ื ื•.
03:52
that we're not the first ones to build.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
03:55
We're not the first ones to process cellulose.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฆืœื•ืœื•ื–ื”.
03:58
We're not the first ones to make paper. We're not the first ones
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ืจ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
04:00
to try to optimize packing space,
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ื—ืœืœ ืืจื™ื–ื”,
04:03
or to waterproof, or to try to heat and cool a structure.
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ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื™ื™ื, ืื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืงืจืจ / ืœื—ืžื ืžื‘ื ื”.
04:06
We're not the first ones to build houses for our young.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:12
What's happening now, in this field called biomimicry,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
04:16
is that people are beginning to remember
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ื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ
04:19
that organisms, other organisms,
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ืฉืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื™ื, ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:23
the rest of the natural world,
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ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
04:25
are doing things very similar to what we need to do.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
04:29
But in fact they are doing them in a way
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš
04:31
that have allowed them to live gracefully on this planet
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื”ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
04:33
for billions of years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
04:36
So these people, biomimics,
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ืื– ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื,
04:39
are nature's apprentices.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
04:41
And they're focusing on function.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“.
04:43
What I'd like to do is show you a few of the things
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:46
that they're learning.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื.
04:49
They have asked themselves,
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
04:51
"What if, every time I started to invent something,
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"ืžื” ืื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•,
04:55
I asked, 'How would nature solve this?'"
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœ, "ืื™ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืชืจ ืืช ื–ื”?"
04:58
And here is what they're learning.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื.
05:00
This is an amazing picture from a Czech photographer named Jack Hedley.
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ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฆืœื ืฆ'ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื’'ืง ื”ื“ืœื™.
05:03
This is a story about an engineer at J.R. West.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ื’'ื™ื™ ืืจ ื•ื•ืกื˜
05:06
They're the people who make the bullet train.
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ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื™ืข (ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ)
05:08
It was called the bullet train
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืื” ืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืœื™ืข
05:10
because it was rounded in front,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืžื”.
05:12
but every time it went into a tunnel
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžื ื”ืจื”
05:14
it would build up a pressure wave,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื’ืœื™ ืœื—ืฅ (ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ืจื‘).
05:16
and then it would create like a sonic boom when it exited.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžื™ืขื” ื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืงื•ืœื™.
05:19
So the engineer's boss said,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืืžืจ,
05:21
"Find a way to quiet this train."
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"ืชืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•."
05:24
He happened to be a birder.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคืจ.
05:26
He went to the equivalent of an Audubon Society meeting.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืื•ื“ื•ื‘ื•ืŸ (ื—ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช).
05:30
And he studied -- there was a film about king fishers.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืกืจื˜ ืขืœ ืฉืœื“ื’ ื’ืžื“ื™.
05:32
And he thought to himself, "They go from one density of medium,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื•, "ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช,
05:35
the air, into another density of medium, water,
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ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืš ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช, ืžื™ื™ื,
05:38
without a splash. Look at this picture.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื– ื˜ื™ืคื”. ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:41
Without a splash, so they can see the fish.
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ืœืœื ื ืชื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื.
05:44
And he thought, "What if we do this?"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘, "ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช?"
05:47
Quieted the train.
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ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช.
05:50
Made it go 10 percent faster on 15 percent less electricity.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ 10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื 15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
05:55
How does nature repel bacteria?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื•ื—ื” ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื?
05:57
We're not the first ones to have to protect ourselves
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ืื ื• ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื
06:00
from some bacteria.
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ืžื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
06:02
Turns out that -- this is a Galapagos Shark.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉ -- ื–ื” ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืœืืคืื’ื•ืก.
06:06
It has no bacteria on its surface, no fouling on its surface, no barnacles.
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ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื’ื•ืคื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื—ืช ( ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฆืžื“ื™ื ืืœื™ื•),
06:11
And it's not because it goes fast.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
06:13
It actually basks. It's a slow-moving shark.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชื—ืžื. ื–ื” ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื– ืœืื˜.
06:16
So how does it keep its body free of bacteria build-up?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ืข ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื•?
06:19
It doesn't do it with a chemical.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
06:21
It does it, it turns out, with the same denticles
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
06:23
that you had on Speedo bathing suits,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื“ื•,
06:27
that broke all those records in the Olympics,
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ืื™ืชื ืฉื‘ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”.
06:29
but it's a particular kind of pattern.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
06:31
And that pattern, the architecture of that pattern
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ื•ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช
06:34
on its skin denticles
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ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืจื•
06:37
keep bacteria from being able to land and adhere.
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ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง.
06:41
There is a company called Sharklet Technologies
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืฉืจืงืœื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
06:43
that's now putting this on the surfaces in hospitals
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืžื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
06:47
to keep bacteria from landing,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ืืœื™ื”ื.
06:49
which is better than dousing it with anti-bacterials or harsh cleansers
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ืฉื–ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
06:55
that many, many organisms are now becoming drug resistant.
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื.
06:59
Hospital-acquired infections are now killing
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
07:01
more people every year in the United States
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
07:04
than die from AIDS or cancer or car accidents combined --
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื ืžืื™ื™ื“ืก, ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืื• ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
07:09
about 100,000.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ืืœืฃ.
07:11
This is a little critter that's in the Namibian desert.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืžื™ื‘ื™ื”.
07:14
It has no fresh water that it's able to drink,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
07:17
but it drinks water out of fog.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื” ืžื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจืคืœ.
07:20
It's got bumps on the back of its wing covers.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
07:23
And those bumps act like a magnet for water.
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื’ื ื˜ ืœืžื™ื™ื.
07:26
They have water-loving tips, and waxy sides.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื™ื,ื•ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื.
07:29
And the fog comes in and it builds up on the tips.
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ื•ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช.
07:32
And it goes down the sides and goes into the critter's mouth.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืง ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืœืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
07:35
There is actually a scientist here at Oxford
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ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ืขืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงืกื•ืคืจื“
07:38
who studied this, Andrew Parker.
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ืฉืœืžื“ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื“ืจื• ืคืจืงืจ.
07:40
And now kinetic and architectural firms like Grimshaw
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช (ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืชื ื•ืขื”) ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’ืจื™ืžืฉื•
07:44
are starting to look at this as a way
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ืจืš
07:46
of coating buildings
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
07:49
so that they gather water from the fog.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ืื’ืจื• ืžื™ื™ื ืžืขืจืคืœ.
07:51
10 times better than our fog-catching nets.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืžืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชื•ืคืกื•ืช ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
07:56
CO2 as a building block.
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“.
07:58
Organisms don't think of CO2 as a poison.
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ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘CO2 ื›ืจืขืœ.
08:01
Plants and organisms that make shells,
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ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช,
08:03
coral, think of it as a building block.
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ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“.
08:06
There is now a cement manufacturing company
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
08:09
starting in the United States called Calera.
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืงืœืจื”.
08:12
They've borrowed the recipe from the coral reef,
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ื”ื ืœื•ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ.
08:15
and they're using CO2 as a building block
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘CO2 ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“
08:18
in cement, in concrete.
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ื‘ืžืœื˜, ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ.
08:20
Instead of -- cement usually
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืœื˜ ื‘ื“ืจ"ื›,
08:22
emits a ton of CO2 for every ton of cement.
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ืคื•ืœื˜ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ CO2 ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ.
08:25
Now it's reversing that equation,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื”ืคื›ืช.
08:27
and actually sequestering half a ton of CO2
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ CO2
08:30
thanks to the recipe from the coral.
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ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื.
08:32
None of these are using the organisms.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื.
08:34
They're really only using the blueprints or the recipes
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื
08:36
from the organisms.
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื.
08:39
How does nature gather the sun's energy?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื•ืกืฃ ืืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ?
08:42
This is a new kind of solar cell
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ื–ื”ื• ืชื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ
08:44
that's based on how a leaf works.
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ืš ืฉืขืœื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
08:46
It's self-assembling.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืฆืžื•
08:48
It can be put down on any substrate whatsoever.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฆืข ืฉื”ื•ื
08:50
It's extremely inexpensive
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื™ืงืจ.
08:52
and rechargeable every five years.
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ื•ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:55
It's actually a company a company that I'm involved in called OneSun,
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ื•ื•ืืŸ ืกืืŸ (ืฉืžืฉ ืื—ืช),
08:58
with Paul Hawken.
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ืขื ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ืงืŸ.
09:00
There are many many ways that nature filters water
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืกื ืŸ ืžื™ื
09:04
that takes salt out of water.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืœื— ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืžื™ื™ื.
09:07
We take water and push it against a membrane.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืžื‘ืจื ื” (ืงืจื•ืžื™ืช).
09:10
And then we wonder why the membrane clogs
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื” ื ืกืชืžืช
09:12
and why it takes so much electricity.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืฉืžืœ.
09:14
Nature does something much more elegant.
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™.
09:16
And it's in every cell.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื.
09:18
Every red blood cell of your body right now
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื“ื ืื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
09:21
has these hourglass-shaped pores
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ื™ืฉ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืœ
09:23
called aquaporins.
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ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืืงื•ื•ื” ืคื•ืจื™ืŸ (ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืคื•ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืžืžื‘ืจื ืช ื”ืชื).
09:25
They actually export water molecules through.
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ื.
09:28
It's kind of a forward osmosis.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืื•ืกืžื•ื–ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
09:30
They export water molecules through,
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ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ,
09:32
and leave solutes on the other side.
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ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืžืก ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
09:35
A company called Aquaporin is starting to make desalination
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืืงื•ื•ื” ืคื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื‘ืจื ื•ืช
09:38
membranes mimicking this technology.
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ื”ืชืคืœื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•.
09:42
Trees and bones are constantly reforming themselves
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ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื
09:47
along lines of stress.
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ื“ืจืš ืงื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ.
09:49
This algorithm has been put into a software program
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ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื ื”
09:53
that's now being used to make bridges lightweight,
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ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืงืœ,
09:55
to make building beams lightweight.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœ.
09:58
Actually G.M. Opel used it
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื•ืคืœ ืฉืœ ื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื”
10:00
to create that skeleton you see,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
10:04
in what's called their bionic car.
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ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
10:07
It lightweighted that skeleton using a minimum amount of material,
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ื”ื™ื ืงืœืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืœื“ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ,
10:10
as an organism must,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื— ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื,
10:13
for the maximum amount of strength.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื—.
10:17
This beetle, unlike this chip bag here,
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ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ ื›ืืŸ,
10:21
this beetle uses one material, chitin.
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ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื—ื“, ื›ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื—ื•ืžืจ ืงืจื ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืงื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื).
10:24
And it finds many many ways
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
10:26
to put many functions into it.
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ืœืžืงืกื ืื•ืชื•.
10:28
It's waterproof.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื™ื.
10:30
It's strong and resilient.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉ.
10:32
It's breathable. It creates color through structure.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฆื‘ืข ื“ืจืš ืžื‘ื ื”.
10:36
Whereas that chip bag has about seven layers to do all of those things.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉื‘ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:40
One of our major inventions
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:43
that we need to be able to do
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ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช
10:45
to come even close to what these organisms can do
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
10:47
is to find a way
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ื–ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš
10:51
to minimize the amount of material, the kind of material we use,
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ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื,
10:54
and to add design to it.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
10:56
We use five polymers in the natural world
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืœื™ืžืจื™ื (ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื”-ืคืจื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช) ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
10:59
to do everything that you see.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
11:01
In our world we use about 350 polymers
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘350 ืคื•ืœื™ืžืจื™ื.
11:05
to make all this.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
11:10
Nature is nano.
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื ื ื• (ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“).
11:12
Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, you hear a lot of worry about this.
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ื ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ื ื ื•, ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืื’ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื–ื”.
11:17
Loose nanoparticles. What is really interesting to me
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ื ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื. ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™
11:21
is that not many people have been asking,
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ืฉืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื,
11:24
"How can we consult nature about how to make nanotechnology safe?"
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"ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”?"
11:29
Nature has been doing that for a long time.
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
11:31
Embedding nanoparticles in a material for instance, always.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืฆื™ืข ื ื ื• ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืชืžื™ื“.
11:35
In fact, sulfur-reducing bacteria,
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ื”ืืžืช, ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชืช ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช,
11:37
as part of their synthesis,
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” (ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื) ืฉืœื”ื,
11:40
they will emit, as a byproduct,
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ื”ื ื™ืคืœื˜ื•, ื›ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื•ื•ืื™,
11:42
nanoparticles into the water.
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ื ื ื• ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื.
11:44
But then right after that, they emit a protein
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืžื™ื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื”ื ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ
11:46
that actually gathers and aggregates those nanoparticles
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื•ืกืฃ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื ื ื• ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื.
11:49
so that they fall out of solution.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืชืžื™ืกื”.
11:54
Energy use. Organisms sip energy,
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ืื•ื’ืจื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืžืขื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
11:59
because they have to work or barter for every single bit that they get.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื˜ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืก ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
12:04
And one of the largest fields right now,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
12:07
in the world of energy grids,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
12:09
you hear about the smart grid.
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ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื”.
12:11
One of the largest consultants are the social insects.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื.
12:15
Swarm technology. There is a company called Regen.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืœ. ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืจื™ื’ืŸ.
12:18
They are looking at how ants and bees
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
12:21
find their food and their flowers
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ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ
12:24
in the most effective way
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:26
as a whole hive.
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ื›ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืœืžื”.
12:28
And they're having appliances in your home
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื
12:31
talk to one another through that algorithm,
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ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื,
12:34
and determine how to minimize peak power use.
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ื•ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื›ื—.
12:40
There's a group of scientists in Cornell
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืœ
12:43
that are making what they call a synthetic tree,
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ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขืฅ ืกื™ื ื˜ื˜ื™.
12:45
because they are saying, "There is no pump at the bottom of a tree."
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืขืฅ."
12:49
It's capillary action and transpiration pulls
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ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืช
12:53
water up, a drop at a time,
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”, ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
12:55
pulling it, releasing it from a leaf and pulling it up through the roots.
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ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ืขืœื” ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื.
13:00
And they're creating -- you can think of it as a kind of wallpaper.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื --- ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ื˜ืคื˜.
13:03
They're thinking about putting it on the insides of buildings
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
13:07
to move water up without pumps.
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ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืžื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืœื ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช,
13:13
Amazon electric eel -- incredibly endangered,
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ืฆืœื•ืคื— ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืžื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก. ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”,
13:15
some of these species --
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
13:17
create 600 volts of electricity
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื 600 ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื—ืฉืžืœ
13:21
with the chemicals that are in your body.
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ืžื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื.
13:24
Even more interesting to me is that
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
13:26
600 volts doesn't fry it.
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ืฉ600 ื•ื•ืœื˜ ืœื ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
13:29
You know we use PVC, and we sheath wires
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘PVC. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื
13:32
with PVC for insulation.
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ืขื PVC ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“.
13:34
These organisms, how are they insulating
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ื”ืื•ื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
13:36
against their own electric charge?
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืœื”ื?
13:39
These are some questions that we've yet to ask.
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืฉืืœื•.
13:42
Here's a wind turbine manufacturer that went to a whale.
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ื”ื ื” ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืœื•ื™ืชืŸ.
13:46
Humpback whale has scalloped edges on its flippers.
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ืœืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืœืกืœื™ื ื‘ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•.
13:50
And those scalloped edges
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ื•ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืœืกืœื™ื ืืœื•
13:52
play with flow in such a way
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ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืจื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•
13:55
that is reduces drag by 32 percent.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื›ื— ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘32 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
13:58
These wind turbines can rotate in incredibly slow windspeeds, as a result.
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืจื•ื— ืžืžืฉ ื—ืœืฉื”.
14:04
MIT just has a new radio chip
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ืœ MIT ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ ืจื“ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉ
14:07
that uses far less power than our chips.
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื— ืžื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
14:11
And it's based on the cochlear of your ear,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
14:14
able to pick up internet, wireless, television signals
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืืœ ื—ื•ื˜ื™, ืื•ืชื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
14:19
and radio signals, in the same chip.
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ื•ืื•ืชื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื•, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื‘ื‘.
14:22
Finally, on an ecosystem scale.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืืงื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืžื”.
14:26
At Biomimicry Guild, which is my consulting company,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืงื” ื’ื™ืœื“, ืฉื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉืœื™,
14:29
we work with HOK Architects.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ HOK,
14:31
We're looking at building whole cities
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ืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช,
14:35
in their planning department.
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ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
14:37
And what we're saying is that,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื”,
14:39
shouldn't our cities do at least as well,
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ื”ืื ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื›ื”,
14:42
in terms of ecosystem services,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืงื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืžื”,
14:44
as the native systems that they replace?
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื?
14:47
So we're creating something called Ecological Performance Standards
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ืื– ืื ื• ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
14:51
that hold cities to this higher bar.
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ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:55
The question is -- biomimicry is an incredibly powerful
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื -- ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš
14:58
way to innovate.
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ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื.
15:01
The question I would ask is, "What's worth solving?"
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช, "ืžื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ?"
15:04
If you haven't seen this, it's pretty amazing.
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ืื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
15:06
Dr. Adam Neiman.
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ื“"ืจ ืื“ื ื ื™ืžืŸ,
15:09
This is a depiction of
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ื–ื” ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ
15:11
all of the water on Earth
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
15:13
in relation to the volume of the Earth --
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืคื— ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื,
15:15
all the ice, all the fresh water, all the sea water --
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ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื—, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื,
15:18
and all the atmosphere that we can breathe, in relation to the volume of the Earth.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืคื— ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื.
15:22
And inside those balls
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
15:24
life, over 3.8 billion years,
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ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืžืขืœื” ืž3.8 ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื,
15:28
has made a lush, livable place for us.
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ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืคืข ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
15:33
And we are in a long, long line
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ื•ืื ื• ื‘ืงื• ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“
15:36
of organisms
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื
15:38
to come to this planet and ask ourselves,
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ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
15:41
"How can we live here gracefully over the long haul?"
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"ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ื ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš?"
15:45
How can we do what life has learned to do?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
15:50
Which is to create conditions conducive to life.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
15:54
Now in order to do this, the design challenge
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
15:58
of our century, I think,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
16:01
we need a way to remind ourselves of those geniuses,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
16:06
and to somehow meet them again.
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ื•ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘.
16:09
One of the big ideas, one of the big projects
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
16:11
I've been honored to work on
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื
16:13
is a new website. And I would encourage you all to please go to it.
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ื–ื” ืืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืชื›ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ืืœื™ื•.
16:16
It's called AskNature.org.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื AskNature.org.
16:19
And what we're trying to do, in a TEDesque way,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื“ื™ืช,
16:22
is to organize all biological information
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ื–ื” ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
16:24
by design and engineering function.
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ืข"ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืกื™.
16:28
And we're working with EOL, Encyclopedia of Life,
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื EOL, ืื™ื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
16:31
Ed Wilson's TED wish.
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ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ TED ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืื“ ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ.
16:33
And he's gathering all biological information
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
16:36
on one website.
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ืœืืชืจ ืื—ื“.
16:38
And the scientists who are contributing to EOL are answering a question,
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ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœEOL ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช.
16:41
"What can we learn from this organism?"
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"ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•?"
16:44
And that information will go into AskNature.org.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ืœืš ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืืชืจ AskNature.org.
16:48
And hopefully, any inventor, anywhere in the world,
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืžืฆื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
16:51
will be able, in the moment of creation,
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”,
16:54
to type in, "How does nature remove salt from water?"
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ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“, "ืื™ืš ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืกื™ืจ ืžืœื— ืžืžื™ื™ื?"
16:59
And up will come mangroves, and sea turtles
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฆื•ืฆื• ืœื”ื ืžื ื’ืจื•ื‘ื™ื (ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ) ื•ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื,
17:02
and your own kidneys.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
17:04
And we'll begin to
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ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœ
17:07
be able to
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
17:09
do as Cody does,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
17:11
and actually be in touch
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ
17:14
with these incredible models,
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ืขื ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
17:17
these elders that have been here
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ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ
17:19
far, far longer than we have.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
17:21
And hopefully, with their help,
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื,
17:23
we'll learn how to live on this Earth,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
17:26
and on this home that is ours, but not ours alone.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื ื•.
17:30
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
17:32
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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