Paul Tudor Jones II: Why we need to rethink capitalism

313,414 views ใƒป 2015-04-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:13
This is a story about capitalism.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื.
00:16
It's a system I love
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ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘
00:18
because of the successes and opportunities it's afforded me and millions of others.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ื•ืœืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
00:23
I started in my 20s trading commodities, cotton in particular, in the pits,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื‘ืฉื•ื—ื•ืช,
00:30
and if there was ever a free market free-for-all, this was it,
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ื•ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”,
00:33
where men wearing ties but acting like gladiators
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ื‘ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื
00:37
fought literally and physically for a profit.
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ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื.
00:41
Fortunately, I was good enough that by the time I was 30,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 30,
00:44
I was able to move into the upstairs world of money management,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ.
00:48
where I spent the next three decades as a global macro trader.
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ืฉื ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืกื•ื—ืจ ืžืืงืจื• ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
00:51
And over that time, I've seen a lot of crazy things in the markets,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื,
00:54
and I've traded a lot of crazy manias.
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ื•ืกื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื•ืช.
00:59
And unfortunately,
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
01:01
I'm sad to report that right now we might be in the grips
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ืื ื™ ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช
01:04
of one of the most disastrous, certainly of my career,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจืกื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
01:08
and one consistent takeaway is manias never end well.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ืžื–ื” ื–ื” ืฉืžืื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:12
Now, over the past 50 years,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:15
we as a society have come to view our companies and corporations
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
01:21
in a very narrow, almost monomaniacal fashion
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืจื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื ื• ืžืื ื™ืช
01:26
with regard to how we value them,
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ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
01:30
and we have put so much emphasis on profits,
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ื•ืฉืžื ื• ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
01:33
on short-term quarterly earnings and share prices,
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ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ ื•ืขืจืš ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
01:36
at the exclusion of all else.
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ื‘ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
01:39
It's like we've ripped the humanity out of our companies.
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืงืจืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
01:44
Now, we don't do that -- conveniently reduce something
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” -- ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
01:48
to a set of numbers that you can play with like Lego toys --
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ืœืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื ื›ืžื• ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื’ื• --
01:51
we don't do that in our individual life.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:53
We don't treat somebody or value them
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื
01:57
based on their monthly income or their credit score,
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
02:01
but we have this double standard
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื›ืคื•ืœ
02:03
when it comes to the way that we value our businesses,
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื,
02:05
and you know what?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
02:07
It's threatening the very underpinnings of our society.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
02:10
And here's how you'll see.
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ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ืชืจืื•.
02:11
This chart is corporate profit margins going back 40 years
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช 40 ืฉื ื” ืื—ื•ืจื”
02:16
as a percentage of revenues,
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ื›ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
02:18
and you can see that we're at a 40-year high of 12.5 percent.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ 40 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ 12.5 ืื—ื•ื–.
02:22
Now, hooray if you're a shareholder,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
02:26
but if you're the other side of that, and you're the average American worker,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
02:30
then you can see it's not such a good thing.
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:33
["U.S. Share of Income Going to Labor vs. CEO-to-Worker Compensation Ratio"]
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["ื—ืœืง ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ื™ื—ืก ืฉื›ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“-ืžืขื‘ื™ื“"]
02:37
Now, higher profit margins do not increase societal wealth.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื•ืœื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
02:40
What they actually do is they exacerbate income inequality,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ,
02:45
and that's not a good thing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:48
But intuitively, that makes sense, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:50
Because if the top 10 percent of American families
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื 10 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
02:54
own 90 percent of the stocks,
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ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
02:56
as they take a greater share of corporate profits,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
02:59
then there's less wealth left for the rest of society.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
03:03
Again, income inequality is not a good thing.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:06
This next chart, made by The Equality Trust,
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจืŸ ืื™ืงื•ื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
03:08
shows 21 countries from Austria to Japan to New Zealand.
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ืžืจืื” 21 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืœื™ืคืŸ ืœื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“.
03:13
On the horizontal axis is income inequality.
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ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
03:16
The further to the right you go, the greater the income inequality.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื“ืœ.
03:20
On the vertical axis are nine social and health metrics.
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ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืฉืข ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
03:23
The more you go up that, the worse the problems are,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:26
and those metrics include life expectancy, teenage pregnancy, literacy,
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจื”, ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช,
03:31
social mobility, just to name a few.
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ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืจืง ืœืžื ื•ืช ื›ืžื”.
03:34
Now, those of you in the audience who are Americans may wonder,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืชื”ื•,
03:37
well, where does the United States rank?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช?
03:39
Where does it lie on that chart?
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื”?
03:41
And guess what?
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ื•ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”?
03:43
We're literally off the chart.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื‘ืœื”.
03:45
Yes, that's us,
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื•,
03:47
with the greatest income inequality
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ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:49
and the greatest social problems, according to those metrics.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
03:54
Now, here's a macro forecast that's easy to make,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ื” ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืžืงืจื• ืฉืงืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
03:56
and that's, that gap between the wealthiest and the poorest,
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ื•ื–ื”, ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:00
it will get closed.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื’ืจ.
04:02
History always does it.
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ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
04:04
It typically happens in one of three ways:
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื:
04:06
either through revolution, higher taxes, or wars.
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ืื• ื“ืจืš ืžื”ืคื›ื”, ืžื™ืกื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื• ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
04:12
None of those are on my bucket list.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื” ืœื ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
04:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:16
Now, there's another way to do it,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
04:18
and that's by increasing justness in corporate behavior,
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืฆื“ืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
04:22
but the way that we're operating right now,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
04:24
that would require a tremendous change in behavior,
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช,
04:28
and like an addict trying to kick a habit,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ืžืœ,
04:32
the first step is to acknowledge that you have a problem.
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื”.
04:36
And let me just say, this profits mania that we're on
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืจืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืฉื™ื’ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื•
04:40
is so deeply entrenched
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ืžื•ืฉืจืฉ ืขืžื•ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš
04:42
that we don't even realize how we're harming society.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
04:45
Here's a small but startling example of exactly how we're doing that:
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœื” ืœืื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”:
04:49
this chart shows corporate giving
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ื ืชื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
04:52
as a percentage of profits, not revenues, over the last 30 years.
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ื›ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
04:57
Juxtapose that to the earlier chart of corporate profit margins,
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ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืœื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
05:03
and I ask you, does that feel right?
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื›ื, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
05:08
In all fairness, when I started writing this, I thought,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช, ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
05:11
"Oh wow, what does my company, what does Tudor do?"
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"ืื•ื”, ื•ื•ืื•, ืžื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™, ืžื” ื˜ื™ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืขื•ืฉื”?"
05:14
And I realized we give one percent of corporate profits
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™
05:19
to charity every year.
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ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
05:21
And I'm supposed to be a philanthropist.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืœื ื˜ืจื•ืค.
05:25
When I realized that, I literally wanted to throw up.
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ืžืžืฉ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื.
05:31
But the point is, this mania is so deeply entrenched
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ื”ืฉื’ืขื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฉืจืฉ
05:34
that well-intentioned people like myself don't even realize that we're part of it.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”.
05:39
Now, we're not going to change corporate behavior
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:42
by simply increasing corporate philanthropy or charitable contributions.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืœื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื• ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฆื“ืงื”.
05:47
And oh, by the way, we've since quadrupled that,
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ื•ื’ื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืžืื– ืจื™ื‘ืขื ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
05:50
but -- (Applause) -- Please.
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ืื‘ืœ -- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื) -- ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
05:54
But we can do it by driving more just behavior.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื—ื™ืคืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:58
And one way to do it is actually trusting
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—
06:01
the system that got us here in the first place,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”,
06:04
and that's the free market system.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
06:06
About a year ago, some friends of mine and I
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ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื”, ื›ืžื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™
06:08
started a not-for-profit called Just Capital.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉื ืงืจื ื’'ืืกื˜ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ.
06:12
Its mission is very simple:
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:
06:13
to help companies and corporations
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
06:15
learn how to operate in a more just fashion by using the public's input
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
06:21
to define exactly what the criteria are for just corporate behavior.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฆื•ื“ืงืช.
06:27
Now, right now, there's no widely accepted standard
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืจื’ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื
06:29
that a company or corporation can follow, and that's where Just Capital comes in,
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ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื’'ืืกื˜ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ ืžืžืœืืช,
06:34
because beginning this year and every year we'll be conducting a nationwide survey
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืจื•ืš ืกืงืจ ืืจืฆื™
06:39
of a representative sample of 20,000 Americans
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉืœ 20,000 ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
06:43
to find out exactly what they think
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:46
are the criteria for justness in corporate behavior.
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ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ืง ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื.
06:50
Now, this is a model that's going to start in the United States
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
06:53
but can be expanded anywhere around the globe,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
06:56
and maybe we'll find out
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื ื’ืœื”
06:58
that the most important thing for the public
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
07:00
is that we create living wage jobs, or make healthy products,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื”, ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื,
07:06
or help, not harm, the environment.
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ืื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ, ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
07:09
At Just Capital, we don't know, and it's not for us to decide.
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ื‘ื’'ืืกื˜ ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜.
07:13
We're but messengers,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื,
07:15
but we have 100 percent confidence and faith in the American public
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 100% ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
07:19
to get it right.
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ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื–ื”.
07:21
So we'll release the findings this September for the first time,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
07:25
and then next year, we'll poll again,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉืืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
07:27
and we'll take the additive step this time
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ื•ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืขื
07:30
of ranking the 1,000 largest U.S. companies
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ืฉืœ ืœื“ืจื’ ืืช 1,000 ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
07:33
from number one to number 1,000 and everything in between.
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ืžืžืกืคืจ 1 ืขื“ 1,000 ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
07:37
We're calling it the Just Index,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฆื“ืง,
07:40
and remember, we're an independent not-for-profit with no bias,
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ื•ื–ื›ืจื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื” ืœืœื ื”ื˜ื™ื”,
07:45
and we will be giving the American public a voice.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืงื•ืœ.
07:50
And maybe over time, we'll find out that as people come to know
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื ื’ืœื” ืฉื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
07:55
which companies are the most just,
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ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืงื•ืช,
07:57
human and economic resources will be driven towards them,
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ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ืŸ,
08:01
and they'll become the most prosperous
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื•ืช
08:03
and help our country be the most prosperous.
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ื•ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช.
08:07
Now, capitalism has been responsible for every major innovation
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆืื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
08:11
that's made this world a more inspiring and wonderful place to live in.
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ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืคืœื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
08:16
Capitalism has to be based on justice.
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ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืฆื“ืง.
08:19
It has to be, and now more than ever,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“,
08:21
with economic divisions growing wider every day.
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ืขื ืคืขืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
08:25
It's estimated that 47 percent of American workers
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ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉ 47 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
08:28
can be displaced in the next 20 years.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืคื™ื ื‘ 20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
08:31
I'm not against progress.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื ื’ื“ ืงื“ืžื”.
08:33
I want the driverless car and the jet pack just like everyone else.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืœื ื ื”ื’ ื•ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
08:38
But I'm pleading for recognition that with increased wealth and profits
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ืฉืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื
08:44
has to come greater corporate social responsibility.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:49
"If justice is removed," said Adam Smith, the father of capitalism,
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"ืื ื”ืฆื“ืง ืžื•ืกืจ," ืืžืจ ืื“ื ืกืžื™ืช', ืื‘ื™ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื,
08:55
"the great, the immense fabric of human society must in a moment
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"ื”ืžืืจื’ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื’ืข
09:01
crumble into atoms."
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ืœื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ ืœืื˜ื•ืžื™ื."
09:05
Now, when I was young, and there was a problem,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื”,
09:09
my mama used to always sigh and shake her head and say,
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ืื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืื ื—ืช ื•ื ื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื•ืื•ืžืจืช,
09:13
"Have mercy, have mercy."
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"ื”ื‘ื• ื—ืžืœื”, ื”ื‘ื• ื—ืžืœื”."
09:17
Now's not the time for us, for the rest of us to show them mercy.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื—ืžืœื”.
09:22
The time is now for us to show them fairness,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฆื“ืง,
09:25
and we can do that, you and I,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื ื•ืื ื™,
09:27
by starting where we work, in the businesses that we operate in.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•, ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
09:33
And when we put justness on par with profits,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
09:36
we'll get the most wonderful thing in all the world.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:40
We'll take back our humanity.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืงื— ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:43
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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