An Ode to Envy | Parul Sehgal | TED Talks

193,133 views ใƒป 2013-10-23

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
So when I was eight years old,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื”,
00:15
a new girl came to join the class,
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื ืขืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
00:17
and she was so impressive,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”,
00:20
as the new girl always seems to be.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื›ื ืจืื”.
00:23
She had vast quantities of very shiny hair
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžืื“,
00:25
and a cute little pencil case,
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ื•ื ืจืชื™ืง ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืžื•ื“,
00:28
super strong on state capitals,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:32
just a great speller.
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ื™ื“ืขื” ืœืื™ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
00:34
And I just curdled with jealousy that year,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื›ื•ืœืช ืงื ืื”,
00:39
until I hatched my devious plan.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืชื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื™ืช.
00:43
So one day I stayed a little late after school,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
00:47
a little too late, and I lurked in the girls' bathroom.
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ืงืฆืช ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืืจื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช.
00:51
When the coast was clear, I emerged,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื™ื” ืคื ื•ื™, ื™ืฆืืชื™,
00:53
crept into the classroom,
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ื–ื—ืœืชื™ ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ืชื”,
00:55
and took from my teacher's desk the grade book.
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ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื.
00:59
And then I did it.
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ื•ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
01:01
I fiddled with my rival's grades,
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ื”ืชืขืกืงืชื™ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื‘ืชื™,
01:04
just a little, just demoted some of those A's.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื˜, ืจืง ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”"ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ"ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
01:07
All of those A's. (Laughter)
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ื›ืœ ื”"ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ"ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:10
And I got ready to return the book to the drawer,
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ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืจื”,
01:13
when hang on, some of my other classmates
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืจื’ืข, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœื›ื™ืชื”
01:16
had appallingly good grades too.
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ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“.
01:20
So, in a frenzy,
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ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืืžื•ืง,
01:22
I corrected everybody's marks,
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ื•ืชื™ืงื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื,
01:24
not imaginatively.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
01:26
I gave everybody a row of D's
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ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง"ื™ื
01:28
and I gave myself a row of A's,
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ื•ืœืขืฆืžื™ - ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ"ื™ื,
01:31
just because I was there, you know, might as well.
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ืื ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืขืกืงืช ืขื ื–ื”.
01:34
And I am still baffled by my behavior.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืขืช ืžื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
01:40
I don't understand where the idea came from.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฅ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
01:42
I don't understand why I felt so great doing it.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ืฉืชื™ ื›ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช.
01:45
I felt great.
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื ืคืœื.
01:47
I don't understand why I was never caught.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืชืคืกื• ืื•ืชื™.
01:50
I mean, it should have been so blatantly obvious.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
01:51
I was never caught.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืคืกื• ืื•ืชื™.
01:52
But most of all, I am baffled by,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื–ืขื–ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ
01:55
why did it bother me so much
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืื•ืชื™
01:56
that this little girl, this tiny little girl,
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ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:58
was so good at spelling?
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื•ืช.
02:00
Jealousy baffles me.
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ื”ืงื ืื” ืžื–ืขื–ืขืช ืื•ืชื™.
02:02
It's so mysterious, and it's so pervasive.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืžืœืืช.
02:05
We know babies suffer from jealousy.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืงื ืื”.
02:08
We know primates do. Bluebirds are actually very prone.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื’ื ืคืจื™ืžื˜ื™ื. ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื“ ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
02:11
We know that jealousy is the number one cause
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืงื ืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืžืก' 1
02:15
of spousal murder in the United States.
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ืœืจืฆื— ื‘ื ื™-ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:18
And yet, I have never read a study
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื˜ืจื ืงืจืืชื™ ื•ืœื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“
02:21
that can parse to me its loneliness
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ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื ืชื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”,
02:24
or its longevity or its grim thrill.
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ืืช ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื” ืื• ืืช ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื”.
02:29
For that, we have to go to fiction,
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ,
02:31
because the novel is the lab
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ื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
02:34
that has studied jealousy
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ืฉื—ืงืจื” ืืช ื”ืงื ืื”
02:35
in every possible configuration.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
02:37
In fact, I don't know if it's an exaggeration to say
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื’ื–ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ
02:41
that if we didn't have jealousy,
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ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืงื ืื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
02:43
would we even have literature?
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืกืคืจื•ืช.
02:45
Well no faithless Helen, no "Odyssey."
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืœื ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”"ืื•ื“ื™ืกื™ืื”",
02:49
No jealous king, no "Arabian Nights."
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืœื›ื™ื ืงื ืื™ื ื•ืœื "ืืœืฃ ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื™ืœื”",
02:52
No Shakespeare.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ.
02:55
There goes high school reading lists,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืžื ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:57
because we're losing "Sound and the Fury,"
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช "ื”ืงื•ืœ ื•ื”ื–ืขื",
02:59
we're losing "Gatsby," "Sun Also Rises,"
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ืืช "ื’ื˜ืกื‘ื™", "ื•ื–ืจื— ื”ืฉืžืฉ",
03:01
we're losing "Madame Bovary," "Anna K."
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ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช "ืžื“ืื ื‘ื•ื‘ืืจื™", "ืื ื” ืงืจื ื™ื ื”",
03:05
No jealousy, no Proust. And now, I mean,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืงื ืื” - ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืกื˜. ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื™,
03:08
I know it's fashionable to say that Proust
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœืคืจื•ืกื˜
03:09
has the answers to everything,
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ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
03:11
but in the case of jealousy,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื ืื”,
03:14
he kind of does.
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื•.
03:16
This year is the centennial of his masterpiece, "In Search of Lost Time,"
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืžืื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืœื•, "ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“",
03:20
and it's the most exhaustive study of sexual jealousy
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืžืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื ืื” ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช
03:24
and just regular competitiveness, my brand,
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ื•ืฉืœ ืกืชื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ื”ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœื™,
03:27
that we can hope to have. (Laughter)
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืœื•. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:29
And we think about Proust, we think
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื•ืกื˜, ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
03:32
about the sentimental bits, right?
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:33
We think about a little boy trying to get to sleep.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื“ื.
03:35
We think about a madeleine moistened in lavender tea.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื’ืช ืžื“ืœืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื“ืจ.
03:39
We forget how harsh his vision was.
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื™ื™ืชื•.
03:41
We forget how pitiless he is.
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ืกืจ-ื—ืžืœื” ื”ื•ื.
03:43
I mean, these are books that Virginia Woolf said
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืœืฃ ืืžืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื
03:45
were tough as cat gut.
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ืฉื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืขื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ.
03:48
I don't know what cat gut is,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืขื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ,
03:50
but let's assume it's formidable.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื.
03:53
Let's look at why they go so well together,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื›ื” ื˜ื•ื‘,
03:56
the novel and jealousy, jealousy and Proust.
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ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืงื ืื”, ื”ืงื ืื” ื•ืคืจื•ืกื˜.
04:00
Is it something as obvious as that jealousy,
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื” ืงื ืื”,
04:03
which boils down into person, desire, impediment,
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ืฉืžืชื’ืœืžืช ื‘ืื“ื, ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื”, ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ,
04:06
is such a solid narrative foundation?
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ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื›ื” ืžื•ืฆืง?
04:11
I don't know. I think it cuts very close to the bone,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืงื ืื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื” ืœื”ื›ืื™ื‘,
04:14
because let's think about what happens
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
04:16
when we feel jealous.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืงื ืื”.
04:17
When we feel jealous, we tell ourselves a story.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืงื ืื”, ืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
04:21
We tell ourselves a story about other people's lives,
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ืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:26
and these stories make us feel terrible
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ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืจื
04:28
because they're designed to make us feel terrible.
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ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืจื.
04:31
As the teller of the tale and the audience,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื›ืื—ื“,
04:33
we know just what details to include,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืœื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ,
04:35
to dig that knife in. Right?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:39
Jealousy makes us all amateur novelists,
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ื”ืงื ืื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
04:42
and this is something Proust understood.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืคืจื•ืกื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
04:44
In the first volume, Swann's Way,
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ื‘ื›ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, "ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ื•ืืŸ",
04:47
the series of books,
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ืžืกื“ืจืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื,
04:49
Swann, one of the main characters,
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ืกื•ื•ืืŸ, ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื•ืช,
04:51
is thinking very fondly of his mistress
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืœื’ืฉื•,
04:54
and how great she is in bed,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื”,
04:56
and suddenly, in the course of a few sentences,
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ื•ืœืคืชืข, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื,
04:59
and these are Proustian sentences,
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืคืจื•ืกื˜ื™ื™ื,
05:01
so they're long as rivers,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื›ื ื”ืจื•ืช,
05:02
but in the course of a few sentences,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื,
05:04
he suddenly recoils and he realizes,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืชืข ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ,
05:07
"Hang on, everything I love about this woman,
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"ืจืง ืจื’ืข, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•,
05:10
somebody else would love about this woman.
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"ื’ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:14
Everything that she does that gives me pleasure
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"ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ ืื•ืชื™
05:17
could be giving somebody else pleasure,
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"ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื’ ื’ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
05:19
maybe right about now."
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"ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข."
05:21
And this is the story he starts to tell himself,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•,
05:24
and from then on, Proust writes that
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ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ื›ื•ืชื‘
05:26
every fresh charm Swann detects in his mistress,
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ืฉื›ืœ ืงืกื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื•ืืŸ ืžื’ืœื” ืืฆืœ ืคื™ืœื’ืฉื•,
05:29
he adds to his "collection of instruments
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœ"ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื
05:31
in his private torture chamber."
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"ืฉื‘ืžืจืชืฃ ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื•".
05:35
Now Swann and Proust, we have to admit,
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ืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืกื˜, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช,
05:37
were notoriously jealous.
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ื ื•ื“ืขื• ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ืงื ืื•ืชื.
05:39
You know, Proust's boyfriends would have to leave
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘
05:41
the country if they wanted to break up with him.
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ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžืžื ื•.
05:43
But you don't have to be that jealous
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื ืื™ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš
05:46
to concede that it's hard work. Right?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:49
Jealousy is exhausting.
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ื”ืงื ืื” ืžืชื™ืฉื”.
05:51
It's a hungry emotion. It must be fed.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืฉ ืจืขื‘ืชื ื™. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
05:54
And what does jealousy like?
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ื•ืžื” ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงื ืื”?
05:56
Jealousy likes information.
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ื”ืงื ืื” ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
05:59
Jealousy likes details.
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ื”ืงื ืื” ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
06:02
Jealousy likes the vast quantities of shiny hair,
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ื”ืงื ืื” ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื–ื•ื”ืจ,
06:05
the cute little pencil case.
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ืืช ื ืจืชื™ืง ื”ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืžื•ื“.
06:07
Jealousy likes photos.
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ื”ืงืื ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื.
06:09
That's why Instagram is such a hit. (Laughter)
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉ"ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื" ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:12
Proust actually links the language of scholarship and jealousy.
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ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ืžืžืฉ ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื ืื”.
06:16
When Swann is in his jealous throes,
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ื›ืฉืกื•ื•ืืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืกืจ ื‘ืงื ืืชื•,
06:19
and suddenly he's listening at doorways
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆื•ืชืช ืœื™ื“ ื“ืœืชื•ืช
06:21
and bribing his mistress' servants,
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ื•ืœืฉื—ื“ ืืช ืžืฉืจืชื™ ืคื™ืœื’ืฉื•,
06:23
he defends these behaviors.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื•.
06:24
He says, "You know, look, I know you think this is repugnant,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื–ื” ื“ื•ื—ื”,
06:27
but it is no different
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"ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื ื”
06:29
from interpreting an ancient text
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"ืžืคืขื ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืงื“ื•ื
06:31
or looking at a monument."
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"ืื• ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื“ืจื˜ื”."
06:33
He says, "They are scientific investigations
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช
06:35
with real intellectual value."
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"ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืจืš ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืืžื™ืชื™."
06:38
Proust is trying to show us that jealousy
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ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืงื ืื”
06:40
feels intolerable and makes us look absurd,
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ื—ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืกื‘ืœืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš,
06:43
but it is, at its crux, a quest for knowledge,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื™ื“ืข,
06:48
a quest for truth, painful truth,
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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืืžืช, ืืžืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช,
06:51
and actually, where Proust is concerned,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ืกื˜,
06:53
the more painful the truth, the better.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืืžืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:56
Grief, humiliation, loss:
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ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืคืœื”, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ:
07:01
These were the avenues to wisdom for Proust.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืคืจื•ืกื˜.
07:04
He says, "A woman whom we need,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”,
07:08
who makes us suffer, elicits from us
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"ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืกื‘ืœ, ืžืคื™ืงื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•
07:11
a gamut of feelings far more profound and vital
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"ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
07:14
than a man of genius who interests us."
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"ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจ ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•."
07:18
Is he telling us to just go and find cruel women?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช?
07:21
No. I think he's trying to say
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ืœื. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ
07:24
that jealousy reveals us to ourselves.
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ืฉื”ืงื ืื” ืžื’ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื•.
07:27
And does any other emotion crack us open
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ื•ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืจื’ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื•ืคื•ืชื— ืื•ืชื ื•
07:30
in this particular way?
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื•?
07:32
Does any other emotion reveal to us
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืจื’ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžื’ืœื” ืœื ื•
07:34
our aggression and our hideous ambition
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ืืช ืชื•ืงืคื ื•ืชื ื• ื•ืืช ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžื‘ื—ื™ืœื”
07:37
and our entitlement?
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ื•ืืช ื˜ืขื ืชื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช?
07:40
Does any other emotion teach us to look
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืจื’ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ
07:42
with such peculiar intensity?
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ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•?
07:46
Freud would write about this later.
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ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:48
One day, Freud was visited
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืืฆืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื“
07:50
by this very anxious young man who was consumed
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ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืฉื ื˜ืจืฃ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
07:52
with the thought of his wife cheating on him.
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ืฉืืฉืชื• ื‘ื•ื’ื“ืช ื‘ื•.
07:55
And Freud says, it's something strange about this guy,
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ื•ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ืืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
07:57
because he's not looking at what his wife is doing.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื” ืฉืืฉืชื• ืขื•ืฉื”.
07:59
Because she's blameless; everybody knows it.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืคื” ืžืืฉืžื”; ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
08:01
The poor creature is just
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ื”ืžืกื›ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
08:02
under suspicion for no cause.
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ื—ืฉื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืœื ืขื•ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืคื”.
08:04
But he's looking for things that his wife is doing
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืฉืชื• ืขื•ืฉื”
08:07
without noticing, unintentional behaviors.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื, ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.
08:10
Is she smiling too brightly here,
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ื”ืื ื—ื™ื•ื›ื” ืจื—ื‘ ืžื“ื™,
08:12
or did she accidentally brush up against a man there?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื?
08:15
[Freud] says that the man is becoming
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ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
08:18
the custodian of his wife's unconscious.
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ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืชืช-ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•.
08:22
The novel is very good on this point.
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ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
08:24
The novel is very good at describing how jealousy
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ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื• ืื™ืš ื”ืงื ืื”
08:27
trains us to look with intensity but not accuracy.
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ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืืš ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
08:31
In fact, the more intensely jealous we are,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
08:35
the more we become residents of fantasy.
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ื›ืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
08:38
And this is why, I think, jealousy doesn't
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืงื ืื” ืื™ื ื ื”
08:41
just provoke us to do violent things
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ืกืชื ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
08:43
or illegal things.
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ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
08:45
Jealousy prompts us to behave in ways
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ื”ืงื ืื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื
08:48
that are wildly inventive.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืคืจื•ืขื”.
08:50
Now I'm thinking of myself at eight, I concede,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 8, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื”,
08:52
but I'm also thinking of this story I heard on the news.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
08:56
A 52-year-old Michigan woman was caught
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ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืช 52 ืžืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื ืชืคืกื”
09:00
creating a fake Facebook account
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ื›ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ "ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง" ื›ื•ื–ื‘
09:03
from which she sent vile, hideous messages
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ื•ืฉืœื—ื” ืžืžื ื• ืžืกืจื™ื ื ืชืขื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ื•ืขืชื™ื™ื
09:07
to herself for a year.
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ืœืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”.
09:11
For a year. A year.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”. ืฉื ื”.
09:13
And she was trying to frame
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืš
09:15
her ex-boyfriend's new girlfriend,
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ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ-ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”,
09:17
and I have to confess when I heard this,
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ื•ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
09:21
I just reacted with admiration.
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ื”ื’ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืขืจืฆื”.
09:23
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:24
Because, I mean, let's be real.
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื,
09:27
What immense, if misplaced, creativity. Right?
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ื–ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื”, ื’ื ืื ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:31
This is something from a novel.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœืงื•ื— ืžืจื•ืžืŸ.
09:34
This is something from a Patricia Highsmith novel.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœืงื•ื— ืžืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืกืžื™ืช'.
09:37
Now Highsmith is a particular favorite of mine.
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ื”ื™ื™ืกืžื™ืช' ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™.
09:39
She is the very brilliant and bizarre woman of American letters.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช "ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื".
09:43
She's the author of "Strangers on a Train"
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ "ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช"
09:45
and "The Talented Mr. Ripley,"
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ื•ืฉืœ "ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจ ืจื™ืคืœื™",
09:47
books that are all about how jealousy,
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ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงื ืื”,
09:51
it muddles our minds,
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•,
09:52
and once we're in the sphere, in that realm of jealousy,
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ื•ืฉืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื ืื”,
09:55
the membrane between what is and what could be
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ื”ืงืจื•ื ื”ื“ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ
10:01
can be pierced in an instant.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืงืข ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื”.
10:04
Take Tom Ripley, her most famous character.
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ืคืœื™, ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืœื”.
10:06
Now, Tom Ripley goes from wanting you
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ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ืคืœื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืœืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื›ื
10:09
or wanting what you have
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ืื• ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื,
10:11
to being you and having what you once had,
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ืœ-ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื,
10:14
and you're under the floorboards,
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ื•ืืชื ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฆืคื”,
10:16
he's answering to your name,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ื” ื›ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื›ื,
10:17
he's wearing your rings,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ื“ ืืช ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื›ื,
10:19
emptying your bank account.
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ืžืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื›ื.
10:21
That's one way to go.
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ื–ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืช.
10:23
But what do we do? We can't go the Tom Ripley route.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ืื ื•? ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ืคืœื™.
10:27
I can't give the world D's,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื "ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžืกืคื™ืง"ื™ื,
10:29
as much as I would really like to, some days.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
10:32
And it's a pity, because we live in envious times.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ืื”.
10:35
We live in jealous times.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืงื ืื”.
10:38
I mean, we're all good citizens of social media,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
10:40
aren't we, where the currency is envy?
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืกื•ื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื ืื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:43
Does the novel show us a way out? I'm not sure.
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ื”ืื ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฆื? ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืš.
10:48
So let's do what characters always do when they're not sure,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช,
10:51
when they are in possession of a mystery.
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืืคื•ืคื•ืช ืชืขืœื•ืžื”.
10:53
Let's go to 221B Baker Street
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืœืš ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืงืจ ืžืก' 221ื‘'
10:56
and ask for Sherlock Holmes.
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ื•ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก.
10:58
When people think of Holmes,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืœืžืก,
11:00
they think of his nemesis being Professor Moriarty,
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื™ืืจื˜ื™,
11:03
right, this criminal mastermind.
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ืื•ืชื• ืคื•ืฉืข ื’ืื•ืŸ.
11:06
But I've always preferred [Inspector] Lestrade,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืขื“ืคืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœืกื˜ืจืื“,
11:08
who is the rat-faced head of Scotland Yard
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ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“-ื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ,
11:11
who needs Holmes desperately,
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ืฉื–ืงื•ืง ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœืžืก,
11:13
needs Holmes' genius, but resents him.
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ืฉื–ืงื•ืง ืœื’ืื•ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœื™ื•.
11:15
Oh, it's so familiar to me.
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ื”ื•, ื–ื” ื›ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื™.
11:17
So Lestrade needs his help, resents him,
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ืœืกื˜ืจืื“ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื•, ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœื™ื•,
11:21
and sort of seethes with bitterness over the course of the mysteries.
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ื•ื“ื™ ืจื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช.
11:24
But as they work together, something starts to change,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
11:28
and finally in "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons,"
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘"ืชืขืœื•ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ื ื™ื",
11:31
once Holmes comes in, dazzles everybody with his solution,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ืœืžืก ื ื›ื ืก, ื•ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืขื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื”,
11:35
Lestrade turns to Holmes and he says,
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ืœืกื˜ืจืื“ ืคื•ื ื” ืืœ ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
11:38
"We're not jealous of you, Mr. Holmes.
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"ืื ื• ืœื ืžืงื ืื™ื ื‘ืš, ืžืจ ื”ื•ืœืžืก.
11:43
We're proud of you."
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"ืื ื• ื’ืื™ื ื‘ืš."
11:46
And he says that there's not a man at Scotland Yard
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ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“-ื™ืืจื“
11:48
who wouldn't want to shake Sherlock Holmes' hand.
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ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก.
11:51
It's one of the few times we see Holmes moved
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืžืก ืžืชืจื’ืฉ
11:54
in the mysteries, and I find it very moving,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ,
11:56
this little scene, but it's also mysterious, right?
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ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:59
It seems to treat jealousy
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืงื ืื”
12:01
as a problem of geometry, not emotion.
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ื›ืืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ื•ืœื ื›ืืœ ืจื’ืฉ.
12:04
You know, one minute Holmes is on the other side from Lestrade.
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ืœืจื’ืข ื”ื•ืœืžืก ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื ื’ื“ ืœืกื˜ืจืื“,
12:06
The next minute they're on the same side.
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื‘ื ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฆื“.
12:08
Suddenly, Lestrade is letting himself
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ืœืคืชืข, ืœืกื˜ืจืื“ ืžืชื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•
12:10
admire this mind that he's resented.
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ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื.
12:13
Could it be so simple though?
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜?
12:15
What if jealousy really is a matter of geometry,
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ืžื” ืื ื”ืงื ืื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžืจื—ื‘?
12:18
just a matter of where we allow ourselves to stand
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ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“
12:22
in relation to another?
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื•ืœืช?
12:24
Well, maybe then we wouldn't have to resent
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื– ืœื ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืžืจืžืจ
12:26
somebody's excellence.
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ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจ.
12:28
We could align ourselves with it.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืœืฆื™ื“ื”.
12:31
But I like contingency plans.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
12:33
So while we wait for that to happen,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”,
12:36
let us remember that we have fiction for consolation.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื ื—ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
12:38
Fiction alone demystifies jealousy.
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ืจืง ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื ืื”.
12:41
Fiction alone domesticates it,
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ืจืง ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืœืฃ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืชื”,
12:43
invites it to the table.
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ื•ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
12:45
And look who it gathers:
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ื•ืจืื• ืžื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•:
12:47
sweet Lestrade, terrifying Tom Ripley,
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ืœืกื˜ืจืื“ ื”ืžืชื•ืง, ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ืคืœื™ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
12:51
crazy Swann, Marcel Proust himself.
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ืกื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ืžืจืกืœ ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
12:55
We are in excellent company.
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ืื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.
12:57
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:59
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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