The math and magic of origami | Robert Lang

772,911 views ใƒป 2008-07-31

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Simcha Gilam
00:18
My talk is "Flapping Birds and Space Telescopes."
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื "ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช ื•ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืคื™ ื—ืœืœ".
00:21
And you would think that should have nothing to do with one another,
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ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื,
00:23
but I hope by the end of these 18 minutes,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”
00:26
you'll see a little bit of a relation.
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ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื.
00:29
It ties to origami. So let me start.
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
00:30
What is origami?
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ืžื”ื• ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™?
00:32
Most people think they know what origami is. It's this:
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื”ื•ื
00:35
flapping birds, toys, cootie catchers, that sort of thing.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช, ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืงื•ื•ื”-ืงื•ื•ื”.
00:38
And that is what origami used to be.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
00:40
But it's become something else.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
00:42
It's become an art form, a form of sculpture.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืœืฆื•ืจืช ืคื™ืกื•ืœ.
00:44
The common theme -- what makes it origami --
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™
00:46
is folding is how we create the form.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ืคื•ืœ - ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื”.
00:50
You know, it's very old. This is a plate from 1797.
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ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ื–ื”ื• ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 1797.
00:53
It shows these women playing with these toys.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื• ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื.
00:55
If you look close, it's this shape, called a crane.
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ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื’ื•ืจ.
00:58
Every Japanese kid
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ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื™ืคื ื™
01:00
learns how to fold that crane.
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ืœื•ืžื“ ืื™ืš ืœืงืคืœ ืืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
01:02
So this art has been around for hundreds of years,
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ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
01:04
and you would think something
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ืื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฉื”ื•
01:06
that's been around that long -- so restrictive, folding only --
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ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœืงื™ืคื•ืœื™ื,
01:09
everything that could be done has been done a long time ago.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื•.
01:12
And that might have been the case.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš.
01:14
But in the twentieth century,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื,
01:16
a Japanese folder named Yoshizawa came along,
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžืงืคืœ ื™ืคื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื•ืฉื™ื–ื•ื•ื”
01:19
and he created tens of thousands of new designs.
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ื•ื™ืฆืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:22
But even more importantly, he created a language,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืฉืคื” -
01:25
a way we could communicate,
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ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืฉืจ.
01:27
a code of dots, dashes and arrows.
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ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืฆื™ื.
01:29
Harkening back to Susan Blackmore's talk,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœืงืžื•ืจ,
01:31
we now have a means of transmitting information
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”
01:33
with heredity and selection,
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ืขื ืชื•ืจืฉื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
01:36
and we know where that leads.
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื•.
01:38
And where it has led in origami
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ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข
01:40
is to things like this.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
01:42
This is an origami figure --
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืžื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™:
01:44
one sheet, no cuts, folding only, hundreds of folds.
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ื“ืฃ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืชื›ื™ื, ืžืื•ืช ืงื™ืคื•ืœื™ื.
01:50
This, too, is origami,
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ื’ื ื–ื” ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
01:52
and this shows where we've gone in the modern world.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืืŸ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
01:55
Naturalism. Detail.
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ื ื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื–ื. ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
01:57
You can get horns, antlers --
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืจื ื™ื™ื,
01:59
even, if you look close, cloven hooves.
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ื•ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘, ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจืกื•ืช ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช.
02:01
And it raises a question: what changed?
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ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”?
02:04
And what changed is something
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ,
02:06
you might not have expected in an art,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช,
02:09
which is math.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:11
That is, people applied mathematical principles
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื
02:13
to the art,
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ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช,
02:16
to discover the underlying laws.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื”.
02:18
And that leads to a very powerful tool.
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง.
02:21
The secret to productivity in so many fields --
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ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
02:23
and in origami --
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™
02:25
is letting dead people do your work for you.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:28
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
02:29
Because what you can do is
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
02:31
take your problem,
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ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœืš,
02:33
and turn it into a problem that someone else has solved,
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืชืจ
02:36
and use their solutions.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:38
And I want to tell you how we did that in origami.
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ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
02:41
Origami revolves around crease patterns.
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ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงืคืœื™ื.
02:43
The crease pattern shown here is the underlying blueprint
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ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™
02:46
for an origami figure.
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ื“ืžื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
02:48
And you can't just draw them arbitrarily.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™.
02:50
They have to obey four simple laws.
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ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืœื 4 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
02:53
And they're very simple, easy to understand.
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ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืงืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื ื”.
02:55
The first law is two-colorability. You can color any crease pattern
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
02:58
with just two colors without ever having
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืงืคืœื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื ื™ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื
03:00
the same color meeting.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืคื’ืฉื•.
03:03
The directions of the folds at any vertex --
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ -
03:06
the number of mountain folds, the number of valley folds --
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ืžืกืคืจ ืงืคืœื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืงืคืœื™ ื”ืขืžืงื™ื
03:09
always differs by two. Two more or two less.
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ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 2. 2 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• 2 ืคื—ื•ืช.
03:11
Nothing else.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
03:13
If you look at the angles around the fold,
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ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืงืคืœ
03:15
you find that if you number the angles in a circle,
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ื•ืžืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ -
03:17
all the even-numbered angles add up to a straight line,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ืœืงื• ื™ืฉืจ,
03:20
all the odd-numbered angles add up to a straight line.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ืœืงื• ื™ืฉืจ.
03:23
And if you look at how the layers stack,
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ืื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ืžื” -
03:25
you'll find that no matter how you stack folds and sheets,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื,
03:28
a sheet can never
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ื“ืฃ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ
03:30
penetrate a fold.
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ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ืงืคืœ.
03:32
So that's four simple laws. That's all you need in origami.
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ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืž-4 ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:35
All of origami comes from that.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ื.
03:37
And you'd think, "Can four simple laws
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ, "ื”ืื 4 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื
03:39
give rise to that kind of complexity?"
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื?"
03:41
But indeed, the laws of quantum mechanics
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช
03:43
can be written down on a napkin,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืžืคื™ืช
03:45
and yet they govern all of chemistry,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,
03:47
all of life, all of history.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
03:49
If we obey these laws,
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ืื ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
03:51
we can do amazing things.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
03:53
So in origami, to obey these laws,
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ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
03:55
we can take simple patterns --
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
03:57
like this repeating pattern of folds, called textures --
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงืคืœื™ื, ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื.
04:00
and by itself it's nothing.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืจืš.
04:02
But if we follow the laws of origami,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™,
04:04
we can put these patterns into another fold
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืชื•ืš ืงื™ืคื•ืœ ืื—ืจ,
04:07
that itself might be something very, very simple,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
04:09
but when we put it together,
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ื•ื›ืฉืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“
04:11
we get something a little different.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”.
04:13
This fish, 400 scales --
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ื”ื“ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ืขื 400 ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื,
04:16
again, it is one uncut square, only folding.
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืชื›ื™ื, ืจืง ืงื™ืคื•ืœื™ื.
04:20
And if you don't want to fold 400 scales,
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ื•ืื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงืคืœ 400 ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื,
04:22
you can back off and just do a few things,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:24
and add plates to the back of a turtle, or toes.
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ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘, ืื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช,
04:27
Or you can ramp up and go up to 50 stars
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ืื• ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื“ 50 ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื
04:30
on a flag, with 13 stripes.
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ืขืœ ื“ื’ืœ ืขื 13 ืคืกื™ื.
04:33
And if you want to go really crazy,
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ื•ืื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื’ืข -
04:36
1,000 scales on a rattlesnake.
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ื ื—ืฉ ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื 1,000 ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื.
04:38
And this guy's on display downstairs,
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ื”ื‘ืจื ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืœืžื˜ื”.
04:40
so take a look if you get a chance.
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ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
04:43
The most powerful tools in origami
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ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™
04:45
have related to how we get parts of creatures.
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื.
04:48
And I can put it in this simple equation.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
04:50
We take an idea,
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
04:52
combine it with a square, and you get an origami figure.
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ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
04:55
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:59
What matters is what we mean by those symbols.
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
05:01
And you might say, "Can you really be that specific?
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ, "ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™?
05:04
I mean, a stag beetle -- it's got two points for jaws,
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ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืกืชื•ืช,
05:06
it's got antennae. Can you be that specific in the detail?"
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื™ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื?"
05:10
And yeah, you really can.
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ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
05:13
So how do we do that? Well, we break it down
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช? ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืื•ืชื”
05:16
into a few smaller steps.
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ืœืฆืขื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:18
So let me stretch out that equation.
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ืื ื™ ืืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ืืช.
05:20
I start with my idea. I abstract it.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
05:23
What's the most abstract form? It's a stick figure.
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžืงืœื•ืช.
05:26
And from that stick figure, I somehow have to get to a folded shape
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ืžืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืคืœืช
05:29
that has a part for every bit of the subject,
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ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
05:32
a flap for every leg.
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ื›ื ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืจื’ืœ.
05:34
And then once I have that folded shape that we call the base,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžืงื•ืคืœืช
05:37
you can make the legs narrower, you can bend them,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ,
05:40
you can turn it into the finished shape.
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื’ืžืจืช.
05:42
Now the first step, pretty easy.
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœ.
05:44
Take an idea, draw a stick figure.
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ืงื— ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžืงืœื•ืช.
05:46
The last step is not so hard, but that middle step --
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ -
05:49
going from the abstract description to the folded shape --
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืคืœืช -
05:52
that's hard.
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ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื”.
05:54
But that's the place where the mathematical ideas
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ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื
05:56
can get us over the hump.
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ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ.
05:58
And I'm going to show you all how to do that
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช
06:00
so you can go out of here and fold something.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืงืคืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
06:02
But we're going to start small.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ.
06:04
This base has a lot of flaps in it.
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ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
06:06
We're going to learn how to make one flap.
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ื ืœืžื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื ืฃ ืื—ืช.
06:09
How would you make a single flap?
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื ืฃ ืื—ืช?
06:11
Take a square. Fold it in half, fold it in half, fold it again,
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ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข. ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืœื—ืฆื™, ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืœื—ืฆื™, ื•ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืฉื•ื‘
06:14
until it gets long and narrow,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ื•ืฆืจ
06:16
and then we'll say at the end of that, that's a flap.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ืงื‘ืœ ื›ื ืฃ.
06:18
I could use that for a leg, an arm, anything like that.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืจื’ืœ, ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
06:21
What paper went into that flap?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื ื™ื™ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื ืฃ ื”ื–ืืช?
06:23
Well, if I unfold it and go back to the crease pattern,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืคื•ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื
06:25
you can see that the upper left corner of that shape
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช-ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื”
06:28
is the paper that went into the flap.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื ืฃ.
06:30
So that's the flap, and all the rest of the paper's left over.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื›ื ืฃ, ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ.
06:33
I can use it for something else.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
06:35
Well, there are other ways of making a flap.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
06:37
There are other dimensions for flaps.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
06:39
If I make the flaps skinnier, I can use a bit less paper.
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ืื ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืงื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ.
06:42
If I make the flap as skinny as possible,
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ืื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื ืฃ ื”ื“ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
06:45
I get to the limit of the minimum amount of paper needed.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื”.
06:48
And you can see there, it needs a quarter-circle of paper to make a flap.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื‘ืข ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื ืฃ.
06:52
There's other ways of making flaps.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
06:54
If I put the flap on the edge, it uses a half circle of paper.
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ืื ื”ื›ื ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืข, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ.
06:57
And if I make the flap from the middle, it uses a full circle.
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ืื ื”ื›ื ืฃ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื”ืืžืฆืข, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœื.
07:00
So, no matter how I make a flap,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื›ื ืฃ ื ื•ืฆืจืช,
07:02
it needs some part
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืœืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
07:04
of a circular region of paper.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ.
07:06
So now we're ready to scale up.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
07:08
What if I want to make something that has a lot of flaps?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื?
07:11
What do I need? I need a lot of circles.
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง? ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ื.
07:15
And in the 1990s,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื,
07:17
origami artists discovered these principles
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ืื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
07:19
and realized we could make arbitrarily complicated figures
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
07:22
just by packing circles.
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ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื–ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื.
07:25
And here's where the dead people start to help us out,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•.
07:28
because lots of people have studied
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืงืจื•
07:31
the problem of packing circles.
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ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื™ื–ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื.
07:33
I can rely on that vast history of mathematicians and artists
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืื•ืžื ื™ื
07:36
looking at disc packings and arrangements.
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ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื.
07:39
And I can use those patterns now to create origami shapes.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
07:43
So we figured out these rules whereby you pack circles,
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ื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ืื•ืจื–ื™ื ืžืขื’ืœื™ื.
07:45
you decorate the patterns of circles with lines
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ืžืงืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื“ื’ืžื™ ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื
07:48
according to more rules. That gives you the folds.
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ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื.
07:50
Those folds fold into a base. You shape the base.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืงื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก.
07:53
You get a folded shape -- in this case, a cockroach.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืคืœืช - ืžืงืง, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”.
07:57
And it's so simple.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜.
07:59
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:02
It's so simple that a computer could do it.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:05
And you say, "Well, you know, how simple is that?"
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ืชืฉืืœื•, "ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜?"
08:07
But computers -- you need to be able to describe things
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœืชืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
08:09
in very basic terms, and with this, we could.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:12
So I wrote a computer program a bunch of years ago
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘
08:14
called TreeMaker, and you can download it from my website.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช TreeMaker. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™ .
08:16
It's free. It runs on all the major platforms -- even Windows.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช -
08:19
(Laughter)
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช.
08:21
And you just draw a stick figure,
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ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžืงืœื•ืช,
08:23
and it calculates the crease pattern.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื.
08:25
It does the circle packing, calculates the crease pattern,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืืช ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื.
08:28
and if you use that stick figure that I just showed --
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ืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืืชื™,
08:30
which you can kind of tell, it's a deer, it's got antlers --
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ืฉืžืชืืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืขื ืงืจื ื™ื™ื,
08:33
you'll get this crease pattern.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ื”ื–ืืช.
08:35
And if you take this crease pattern, you fold on the dotted lines,
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ืื ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืงื•ื™ื
08:37
you'll get a base that you can then shape
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื‘
08:40
into a deer,
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ืœืฆื‘ื™,
08:42
with exactly the crease pattern that you wanted.
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ืขื ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ืœื›ื.
08:44
And if you want a different deer,
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ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื‘ื™ ืื—ืจ,
08:46
not a white-tailed deer, but you want a mule deer, or an elk,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ-ื–ื ื‘,
08:49
you change the packing,
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ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจื™ื–ื”,
08:51
and you can do an elk.
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื™ืฉื•ืŸ,
08:53
Or you could do a moose.
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ืื• ืื™ื™ืœ ืงื•ืจื,
08:55
Or, really, any other kind of deer.
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื—ืจ.
08:57
These techniques revolutionized this art.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขืฉื• ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
09:00
We found we could do insects,
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืจืงื™ื,
09:02
spiders, which are close,
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ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื,
09:04
things with legs, things with legs and wings,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื,
09:08
things with legs and antennae.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื™ื.
09:10
And if folding a single praying mantis from a single uncut square
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ืื ื’ืžืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืื—ื“ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืœื ื—ืชื•ืš
09:13
wasn't interesting enough,
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
09:15
then you could do two praying mantises
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื’ืžืœื™ ืฉืœืžื”
09:17
from a single uncut square.
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ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ืชื•ืš.
09:19
She's eating him.
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœืช ืื•ืชื•.
09:21
I call it "Snack Time."
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื“ื’ื "ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื™ืฃ".
09:24
And you can do more than just insects.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืจืงื™ื.
09:26
This -- you can put details,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ื -
09:28
toes and claws. A grizzly bear has claws.
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ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ื˜ืคืจื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืจื™ื–ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืคืจื™ื.
09:31
This tree frog has toes.
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ืœืฆืคืจื“ืข ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช.
09:33
Actually, lots of people in origami now put toes into their models.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืœื“ื’ืžื™ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
09:36
Toes have become an origami meme,
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ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
09:38
because everyone's doing it.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช.
09:41
You can make multiple subjects.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ื›ืžื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
09:43
So these are a couple of instrumentalists.
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ืืœื• ื–ื•ื’ ื ื’ื ื™ื.
09:45
The guitar player from a single square,
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ื ื’ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืจื” ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“
09:48
the bass player from a single square.
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ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื”ื‘ืก ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“.
09:50
And if you say, "Well, but the guitar, bass --
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ื•ืื ืชื’ื™ื“ื•, "ื›ืŸ,ืื‘ืœ ื’ื™ื˜ืจื” ื•ื‘ืก
09:52
that's not so hot.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื -
09:54
Do a little more complicated instrument."
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ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš."
09:56
Well, then you could do an organ.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื’ืŸ.
09:58
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:01
And what this has allowed is the creation
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
10:03
of origami-on-demand.
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ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
10:05
So now people can say, "I want exactly this and this and this,"
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื–ื”
10:08
and you can go out and fold it.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืคืœ ืœื”ื.
10:11
And sometimes you create high art,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
10:13
and sometimes you pay the bills by doing some commercial work.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช.
10:16
But I want to show you some examples.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
10:18
Everything you'll see here,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืจืื• ื›ืืŸ,
10:20
except the car, is origami.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื–ื” ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
10:23
(Video)
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[ื•ื™ื“ืื•]
10:51
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
10:54
Just to show you, this really was folded paper.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืžืงื•ืคืœ.
10:57
Computers made things move,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
10:59
but these were all real, folded objects that we made.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•.
11:03
And we can use this not just for visuals,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืฆื’ื•ืช
11:06
but it turns out to be useful even in the real world.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
11:09
Surprisingly, origami
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ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื, ืœืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™,
11:10
and the structures that we've developed in origami
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ื•ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™,
11:13
turn out to have applications in medicine, in science,
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”, ื‘ืžื“ืข,
11:16
in space, in the body, consumer electronics and more.
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ, ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.
11:19
And I want to show you some of these examples.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
11:22
One of the earliest was this pattern,
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ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื–ื”:
11:24
this folded pattern,
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ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ืคืœ ื”ื–ื”,
11:26
studied by Koryo Miura, a Japanese engineer.
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ื ื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจื™ื• ืžื™ื•ืจื”, ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื™ืคื ื™.
11:29
He studied a folding pattern, and realized
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืจ ื“ืคื•ืก ืงื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
11:31
this could fold down into an extremely compact package
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื—ื•ืกื”
11:34
that had a very simple opening and closing structure.
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ืขื ืžื‘ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื•ืกื’ื™ืจื”.
11:37
And he used it to design this solar array.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ื”ื–ื”.
11:40
It's an artist's rendition, but it flew in a Japanese telescope
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื˜ืกื” ื‘ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื™ืคื ื™
11:43
in 1995.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995.
11:45
Now, there is actually a little origami
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“
11:47
in the James Webb Space Telescope, but it's very simple.
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ื‘ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื•ื•ื‘.
11:50
The telescope, going up in space,
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ื”ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื˜ืก ืœื—ืœืœ
11:52
it unfolds in two places.
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ื•ื ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
11:55
It folds in thirds. It's a very simple pattern --
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืคืœ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ. ื–ื”ื• ื“ื’ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“ -
11:57
you wouldn't even call that origami.
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
11:59
They certainly didn't need to talk to origami artists.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื•ืžื ื™ ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™,
12:02
But if you want to go higher and go larger than this,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:05
then you might need some origami.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™.
12:07
Engineers at Lawrence Livermore National Lab
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ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจื ืก ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื•ืจ
12:09
had an idea for a telescope much larger.
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ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
12:12
They called it the Eyeglass.
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ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื• "ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ" ("The Eyeglass").
12:14
The design called for geosynchronous orbit
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ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื’ื™ืื•ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™
12:16
25,000 miles up,
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 42,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ
12:18
100-meter diameter lens.
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ื•ืขื“ืฉื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 100 ืžื˜ืจ.
12:21
So, imagine a lens the size of a football field.
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื“ืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ.
12:24
There were two groups of people who were interested in this:
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ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš:
12:26
planetary scientists, who want to look up,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืคืœื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”,
12:29
and then other people, who wanted to look down.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”.
12:33
Whether you look up or look down,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ืื• ืžื˜ื” -
12:35
how do you get it up in space? You've got to get it up there in a rocket.
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ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืœืœ? ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืœ.
12:38
And rockets are small. So you have to make it smaller.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
12:41
How do you make a large sheet of glass smaller?
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ืื™ืš ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืœื•ื— ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
12:43
Well, about the only way is to fold it up somehow.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืงืคืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•.
12:46
So you have to do something like this.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื” -
12:48
This was a small model.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื’ื ืงื˜ืŸ.
12:51
Folded lens, you divide up the panels, you add flexures.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื“ืฉื” ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืคื™ื.
12:53
But this pattern's not going to work
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ืงื˜ื ื”
12:56
to get something 100 meters down to a few meters.
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ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 100 ืžื˜ืจ ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื.
12:59
So the Livermore engineers,
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ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจืžื•ืจ,
13:01
wanting to make use of the work of dead people,
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ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื
13:03
or perhaps live origamists, said,
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ื•ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืžืจื•,
13:06
"Let's see if someone else is doing this sort of thing."
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"ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”".
13:09
So they looked into the origami community,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™,
13:12
we got in touch with them, and I started working with them.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืื™ืชื ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
13:14
And we developed a pattern together
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื“ื’ื
13:16
that scales to arbitrarily large size,
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื ื•,
13:18
but that allows any flat ring or disc
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืื• ื“ื™ืกืง ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
13:22
to fold down into a very neat, compact cylinder.
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ืœื”ืชืงืคืœ ืœื’ืœื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™.
13:25
And they adopted that for their first generation,
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ื”ื ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื,
13:27
which was not 100 meters -- it was a five-meter.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 100 ืžื˜ืจ ืืœื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 5 ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
13:29
But this is a five-meter telescope --
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ื–ื”ื• ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 5 ืžื˜ืจื™ื -
13:31
has about a quarter-mile focal length.
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ืจื•ื—ืง ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
13:33
And it works perfectly on its test range,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื•,
13:35
and it indeed folds up into a neat little bundle.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืคืœ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช.
13:39
Now, there is other origami in space.
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ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
13:41
Japan Aerospace [Exploration] Agency flew a solar sail,
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ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช [ื—ืงืจ] ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉืžืฉ.
13:44
and you can see here that the sail expands out,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื ืคืจืฉ.
13:47
and you can still see the fold lines.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงื™ืคื•ืœ.
13:49
The problem that's being solved here is
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ
13:52
something that needs to be big and sheet-like at its destination,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืœื•ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื•,
13:55
but needs to be small for the journey.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืกืข.
13:57
And that works whether you're going into space,
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืœ
14:00
or whether you're just going into a body.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
14:03
And this example is the latter.
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ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
14:05
This is a heart stent developed by Zhong You
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ื–ื”ื• ืชื•ืžื›ืŸ ืœื‘ ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ื’ ื™ื•
14:08
at Oxford University.
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“.
14:10
It holds open a blocked artery when it gets to its destination,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื•ืจืง ื—ืกื•ื ื™ืฉืืจ ืคืชื•ื—,
14:13
but it needs to be much smaller for the trip there,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข ืœืฉื
14:16
through your blood vessels.
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ื“ืจืš ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื.
14:18
And this stent folds down using an origami pattern,
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ื”ืชื•ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืงืคืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื“ื’ื ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™,
14:21
based on a model called the water bomb base.
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื“ื’ื ืฉื ืงืจื "ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืฆืฆืช ื”ืžื™ื".
14:25
Airbag designers also have the problem
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ื’ื ืœืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”
14:27
of getting flat sheets
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
14:29
into a small space.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืžืจื—ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ.
14:32
And they want to do their design by simulation.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”.
14:34
So they need to figure out how, in a computer,
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ
14:36
to flatten an airbag.
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ืœืฉื˜ื— ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
14:38
And the algorithms that we developed
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ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื•
14:40
to do insects
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื—ืจืงื™ื
14:42
turned out to be the solution for airbags
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ
14:45
to do their simulation.
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ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
14:47
And so they can do a simulation like this.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช.
14:50
Those are the origami creases forming,
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ืืœื• ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจื’ื™ืžื™.
14:52
and now you can see the airbag inflate
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืจื™ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืชื ืคื—ืช
14:54
and find out, does it work?
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ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
14:57
And that leads
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ
14:59
to a really interesting idea.
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
15:01
You know, where did these things come from?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
15:04
Well, the heart stent
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืœื‘
15:06
came from that little blow-up box
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ืžืชื ืคื—ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
15:08
that you might have learned in elementary school.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœืžื“ืชื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.
15:11
It's the same pattern, called the water bomb base.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื ืงืจื "ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืฆืฆืช ื”ืžื™ื".
15:14
The airbag-flattening algorithm
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ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
15:16
came from all the developments
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื
15:18
of circle packing and the mathematical theory
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ืฉืœ ืืจื™ื–ืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช
15:21
that was really developed
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ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
15:23
just to create insects -- things with legs.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ืจืงื™ื -- ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
15:27
The thing is, that this often happens
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
15:29
in math and science.
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ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืžื“ืข,
15:31
When you get math involved, problems that you solve
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ื›ืฉืคื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช
15:34
for aesthetic value only,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืจืš ืืกืชื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
15:36
or to create something beautiful,
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ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืคื™ื -
15:38
turn around and turn out
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ืคืชืื•ื ืžื’ืœื™ื
15:40
to have an application in the real world.
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ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืžืฉื™.
15:43
And as weird and surprising as it may sound,
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ื•ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืคืชื™ืข
15:46
origami may someday even save a life.
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ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ื• ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื™ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
15:50
Thanks.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:52
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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