How caffeine and alcohol affect your sleep | Sleeping with Science, a TED series

841,683 views ใƒป 2020-09-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Many of us like to start the day with a cup of coffee
0
83
3768
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ornit Hadar ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื”
00:03
and perhaps end the day with a glass of wine
1
3875
3018
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ
00:06
or some other kind of alcoholic drink.
2
6917
2226
ืื• ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™.
00:09
But it turns out that these two substances,
3
9167
2767
ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
00:11
alcohol and caffeine, can have surprising impacts on our sleep.
4
11958
4810
ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืงืคืื™ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
00:16
[Sleeping with Science]
5
16792
2539
[ืฉื™ื ื” ืขื ืžื“ืข]
00:19
(Music)
6
19375
2434
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
00:21
Let's start with caffeine.
7
21833
2268
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืงืคืื™ืŸ.
00:24
Caffeine is in a class of drugs
8
24125
2184
ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกืžื™ื
00:26
that we call the psychoactive stimulants.
9
26333
3351
ื‘ืฉื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื.
00:29
And everyone knows that caffeine can make them more alert.
10
29708
3393
ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืงืคืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืขื•ืจืจื•ืช.
00:33
It can wake them up.
11
33125
2018
ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืชื.
00:35
But there are at least two additional,
12
35167
2267
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
00:37
hidden features of caffeine
13
37458
2226
ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ,
00:39
that some people may not be aware of.
14
39708
2726
ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.
00:42
The first is the duration of action of caffeine.
15
42458
4601
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ.
00:47
Caffeine, for the average adult,
16
47083
1976
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
00:49
will have what we call a half-life
17
49083
2476
ืœืงืคืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
00:51
of about five to six hours.
18
51583
2268
ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช
00:53
What that means is that after about five to six hours
19
53875
3476
ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช
00:57
50 percent of that caffeine that you had
20
57375
3226
50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ืช
01:00
is still circulating in your system.
21
60625
3018
ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœืš.
01:03
What that also means is that caffeine has a quarter-life
22
63667
4309
ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืฉืœืงืคืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ืข ื—ื™ื™ื
01:08
of about 10 to 12 hours.
23
68000
2976
ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืขื“ 12 ืฉืขื•ืช.
01:11
In other words, let's say that you have a cup of coffee
24
71000
3018
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืฉืชื™ืชื ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื”
01:14
at 2pm in the evening.
25
74042
2351
ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืื—ื”"ืฆ.
01:16
It could be that almost a quarter of that caffeine
26
76417
3726
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
01:20
is still swilling around in your brain at midnight.
27
80167
3892
ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื—ืจืจ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
01:24
And as a result, it can make it harder for an individual
28
84083
3560
ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื–ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื
01:27
to fall asleep or even stay asleep soundly
29
87667
3517
ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”
01:31
throughout the night.
30
91208
1476
ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
01:32
So that's the first feature of caffeine.
31
92708
2726
ืื– ื–ื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ.
01:35
The second issue with caffeine
32
95458
2226
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืขื ืงืคืื™ืŸ
01:37
is that it can change the quality of your sleep.
33
97708
3643
ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
01:41
Now some people will tell me
34
101375
1601
ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื™:
01:43
that I'm one of those individuals
35
103000
1809
"ืื ื™ ืื—ืช ืžืืœื•
01:44
who can have an espresso with dinner,
36
104833
2476
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืกืคืจืกื• ืขื ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘,
01:47
and I fall asleep fine, and I can stay asleep.
37
107333
3226
ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื•ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘".
01:50
But even if that's true, it turns out
38
110583
2476
ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ
01:53
that caffeine can actually decrease the amount
39
113083
3351
ืฉืงืคืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช
01:56
of deep, non-rapid eye movement sleep that we have,
40
116458
3435
ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช (ืชืข"ืž),
01:59
stages three and four of non-REM sleep.
41
119917
3142
ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื ืช ืชืข"ืž.
02:03
That's that sort of restorative deep sleep.
42
123083
2935
ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื“ืฉืช.
02:06
And as a consequence, you can wake up the next morning,
43
126042
3351
ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ
02:09
and you don't feel refreshed,
44
129417
1684
ื•ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืขื ื ื™ื,
02:11
you don't feel restored by your sleep.
45
131125
2684
ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”.
02:13
But you don't remember waking up,
46
133833
1601
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื,
02:15
you don't remember struggling to fall asleep,
47
135458
2560
ืœื ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื™ืชื ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื,
02:18
so you don't make the connection,
48
138042
2184
ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืชืงืฉืจื•,
02:20
but nevertheless you may then find yourself
49
140250
2768
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื
02:23
reaching for two cups of coffee in the morning to wake up
50
143042
3684
ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืงืคื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืช,
02:26
rather than one.
51
146750
1559
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ.
02:28
So that's caffeine, but now let's move on to alcohol,
52
148333
4810
ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืงืคืื™ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืชืงื“ื ืœืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ,
02:33
because alcohol is perhaps one
53
153167
1892
ื›ื™ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™
02:35
of the most misunderstood sleep aids out there.
54
155083
4060
ืื—ื“ ืžืขื–ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ.
02:39
In fact, it's anything but a sleep aid.
55
159167
3392
ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจื˜ ืœืขื–ืจ ืฉื™ื ื”.
02:42
And it can be problematic for your sleep
56
162583
2310
ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื
02:44
in at least three different ways.
57
164917
2309
ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
02:47
First, alcohol is in a class of drugs
58
167250
2434
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกืžื™ื
02:49
that we call the sedatives.
59
169708
2476
ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืกืžื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืขื™ื.
02:52
But sedation is not sleep.
60
172208
2851
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื ื”.
02:55
And studies teach us that those two things
61
175083
2226
ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
02:57
are really quite different.
62
177333
1976
ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช.
02:59
Sedation is a case
63
179333
1601
ื‘ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื‘ื™ื
03:00
where we're simply switching off the firing
64
180958
3435
03:04
of the brain cells, particularly in the cortex.
65
184417
3392
ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ืžื•ื—, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื—.
03:07
And that's not natural sleep.
66
187833
2643
ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
03:10
In fact, during deep non-rapid eye movement sleep,
67
190500
2934
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช ืชืข"ืž
03:13
for example, the brain has this remarkable coordination
68
193458
4518
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืžื•ื— ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืจืฉื™ื
03:18
of hundreds of thousands of cells
69
198000
2684
ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืชืื™ื
03:20
that all of a sudden fire together,
70
200708
2310
ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“,
03:23
and then they all go silent,
71
203042
1434
ื•ืื– ืžื—ืจื™ืฉื™ื,
03:24
and then they all fire together, and then they go silent,
72
204500
2934
ื•ืื– ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืื– ืžื—ืจื™ืฉื™ื,
03:27
producing these big, powerful brainwaves
73
207458
2976
ื•ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ืœื™ ืžื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื
03:30
of deep non-REM sleep.
74
210458
2310
ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉื ืช ืชืข"ืž.
03:32
And so that's the first way
75
212792
1601
ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
03:34
in which alcohol can be problematic.
76
214417
2392
ืฉื‘ื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™.
03:36
We're mistaking sedation for deep sleep.
77
216833
3435
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.
03:40
The second problem with alcohol
78
220292
2226
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืขื ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื
03:42
is that it can actually fragment your sleep.
79
222542
3101
ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืงื˜ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
03:45
Alcohol can actually trigger and activate during sleep
80
225667
3976
ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”
03:49
what we call the fight or flight branch
81
229667
2642
ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ื™ืœื—ื ืื• ื‘ืจื—"
03:52
of the nervous system,
82
232333
1560
ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื,
03:53
which will therefore wake you up more frequently
83
233917
2642
ืฉื™ืขื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:56
throughout the night.
84
236583
1601
ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
03:58
And alcohol can even increase the amount
85
238208
2268
ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช
04:00
of alerting chemicals that are released by the brain,
86
240500
3684
ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—,
04:04
once again fragmenting your sleep.
87
244208
2726
ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
04:06
The third and final issue with alcohol and sleep
88
246958
4060
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื™ื ื”
04:11
is that alcohol can actually block
89
251042
2351
ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื—ืกื•ื
04:13
your rapid eye movement sleep, or your dream sleep.
90
253417
3351
ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืข"ืž ืฉืœื›ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื.
04:16
And as we'll learn in subsequent episodes,
91
256792
2684
ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
04:19
REM sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep, dream sleep,
92
259500
2893
ืฉื ืช ืชืข"ืž , ืื• ืฉื ืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื ืช ื—ืœื•ื,
04:22
provides a collection of benefits,
93
262417
2142
ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช,
04:24
things such as your emotional
94
264583
2143
ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช
04:26
and mental health, even creativity.
95
266750
3351
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
04:30
Now I'm not here to tell anyone how to live.
96
270125
3726
ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
04:33
I don't want to be puritanical.
97
273875
1976
ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™.
04:35
I'm just a scientist.
98
275875
1684
ืื ื™ ืจืง ืžื“ืขืŸ.
04:37
What I want to try and do is provide you
99
277583
2810
ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
04:40
with the information about the relationship
100
280417
2684
ื–ื” ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื
04:43
between caffeine and alcohol on your sleep
101
283125
3101
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื•ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื
04:46
so then you can make an informed choice
102
286250
3059
ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช
04:49
as to how best you want to live your life
103
289333
2726
ืื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื
04:52
when you're trying to prioritize your sleep health.
104
292083
2750
ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7