Let's design social media that drives real change | Wael Ghonim

447,792 views ใƒป 2016-02-04

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
I once said,
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ืคืขื ืืžืจืชื™,
00:14
"If you want to liberate a society,
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"ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื—ื‘ืจื”,
00:17
all you need is the Internet."
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜."
00:20
I was wrong.
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ื˜ืขื™ืชื™.
00:22
I said those words back in 2011,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ 2011,
00:24
when a Facebook page I anonymously created
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ื›ืฉื“ืฃ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื ืฉื
00:27
helped spark the Egyptian revolution.
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ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช.
00:30
The Arab Spring revealed social media's greatest potential,
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ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
00:35
but it also exposed its greatest shortcomings.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”.
00:40
The same tool that united us to topple dictators
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ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ืฉืื™ื—ื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื™ื
00:45
eventually tore us apart.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื.
00:48
I would like to share my own experience in using social media for activism,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื,
00:53
and talk about some of the challenges I have personally faced
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™
00:56
and what we could do about them.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ื.
00:59
In the early 2000s,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -2000,
01:02
Arabs were flooding the web.
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ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
01:05
Thirsty for knowledge, for opportunities,
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ืฆืžืื™ื ืœื™ื“ืข, ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
01:08
for connecting with the rest of the people around the globe,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:12
we escaped our frustrating political realities
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ื‘ืจื—ื ื• ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืชืกื›ืœืช ืฉืœื ื•
01:16
and lived a virtual, alternative life.
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื, ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
01:21
Just like many of them, I was completely apolitical until 2009.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืขื“ 2009.
01:26
At the time, when I logged into social media,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
01:30
I started seeing more and more Egyptians
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื
01:32
aspiring for political change in the country.
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ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:36
It felt like I was not alone.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“.
01:40
In June 2010,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2010,
01:42
Internet changed my life forever.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ืœืชืžื™ื“.
01:47
While browsing Facebook,
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ื‘ืขืช ืฉื’ืœืฉืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
01:50
I saw a photo, a terrifying photo, of a tortured, dead body
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”, ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืขื•ื ื”, ืžืช
01:55
of a young Egyptian guy.
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ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ.
01:57
His name was Khaled Said.
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ืืœื“ ืกืขื™ื“.
02:01
Khaled was a 29-year-old Alexandrian who was killed by police.
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ื—ืืœื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 29 ืžืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื™ื” ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
02:07
I saw myself in his picture.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•.
02:09
I thought, "I could be Khaled."
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,"ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืืœื“."
02:12
I could not sleep that night, and I decided to do something.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
02:17
I anonymously created a Facebook page
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื“ืฃ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื ืฉื
02:20
and called it "We are all Khaled Said."
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ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื• "ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ืืœื“ ืกืขื™ื“."
02:24
In just three days, the page had over 100,000 people,
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ืชื•ืš 3 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืœ 100,000 ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื,
02:29
fellow Egyptians who shared the same concern.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœืงื• ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื“ืื’ื”.
02:33
Whatever was happening had to stop.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืคืกืง.
02:36
I recruited my co-admin, AbdelRahman Mansour.
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ื’ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ืœ ืจื—ืžืŸ ืžื ืกื•ืจ
02:40
We worked together for hours and hours.
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช.
02:42
We were crowdsourcing ideas from the people.
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ืฉืื‘ื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:45
We were engaging them.
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ื”ืขืกืงื ื• ืื•ืชื.
02:47
We were calling collectively for actions,
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช,
02:49
and sharing news that the regime did not want Egyptians to know.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื ื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื“ืขื•.
02:54
The page became the most followed page
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ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืฃ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•
02:57
in the Arab world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™.
02:59
It had more fans than established media organizations
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืžื•ืกื“ื™ื
03:03
and even top celebrities.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ืื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื.
03:06
On January 14, 2011,
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ื‘ -14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011,
03:09
Ben Ali fled out of Tunisia
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ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื ืžืœื˜ ืžืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื”
03:12
after mounting protests against his regime.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื—ืื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื˜ืจื•.
03:15
I saw a spark of hope.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
03:18
Egyptians on social media were wondering,
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ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืชื”ื•,
03:21
"If Tunisia did it, why can't we?"
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"ืื ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื” ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื?"
03:24
I posted an event on Facebook and called it
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ืคืจืกืžืชื™ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื•
03:26
"A Revolution against Corruption, Injustice and Dictatorship."
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"ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ืื™ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื” ".
03:32
I posed a question to the 300,000 users of the page at the time:
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ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืืœื” ืœ- 300,000 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ:
03:37
"Today is the 14th of January.
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"ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื” -14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ.
03:40
The 25th of January is Police Day.
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ื” -25 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
03:44
It's a national holiday.
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ื–ื” ื—ื’ ืœืื•ืžื™.
03:46
If 100,000 of us take to the streets of Cairo,
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ืื 100,000 ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฆืื• ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืจ,
03:50
no one is going to stop us.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•.
03:52
I wonder if we could do it."
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”."
03:54
In just a few days, the invitation reached over a million people,
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ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
03:59
and over 100,000 people confirmed attendance.
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ื•ืžืขืœ 100,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช.
04:03
Social media was crucial for this campaign.
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื›ืจืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื–ื”.
04:06
It helped a decentralized movement arise.
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ื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืขืœื•ืช.
04:09
It made people realize that they were not alone.
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ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“.
04:12
And it made it impossible for the regime to stop it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืืช ื–ื”.
04:16
At the time, they didn't even understand it.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
04:19
And on January 25th, Egyptians flooded the streets of Cairo and other cities,
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ื•ื‘-25 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ, ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืคื• ืืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืจ ื•ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
04:25
calling for change,
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ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
04:27
breaking the barrier of fear
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ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืคื—ื“
04:30
and announcing a new era.
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ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ืขืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
04:33
Then came the consequences.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
04:36
A few hours before the regime cut off the Internet and telecommunications,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื ื™ืชืง ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
04:41
I was walking in a dark street in Cairo, around midnight.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ืš ื‘ืงื”ื™ืจ, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฆื•ืช.
04:46
I had just tweeted, "Pray for Egypt.
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ื•ืจืง ืฆื™ื™ืฆืชื™ "ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ืขื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื.
04:49
The government must be planning a massacre tomorrow."
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ื›ื ืจืื” ื˜ื‘ื— ืœืžื—ืจ."
04:53
I was hit hard on my head.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื›ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืจืืฉ.
04:56
I lost my balance and fell down,
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ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื ืคืœืชื™,
04:58
to find four armed men surrounding me.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื™.
05:02
One covered my mouth and the others paralyzed me.
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ืื—ื“ ื›ื™ืกื” ืืช ืคื™ ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื• ืื•ืชื™.
05:06
I knew I was being kidnapped by state security.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื ื—ื˜ืคืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:10
I found myself in a cell,
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืชื,
05:14
handcuffed, blindfolded.
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ื›ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืื–ื™ืงื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื•ืช.
05:17
I was terrified.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืขืช
05:18
So was my family,
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ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™,
05:20
who started looking for me
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื™
05:22
in hospitals, police stations and even morgues.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžืชื™ื.
05:26
After my disappearance,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืขืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
05:27
a few of my fellow colleagues who knew I was the admin of the page
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ื›ืžื” ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืืช ื“ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
05:31
told the media about my connection with that page,
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ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื–ื”,
05:35
and that I was likely arrested by state security.
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ื•ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื ืขืฆืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:39
My colleagues at Google started a search campaign trying to find me,
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ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื™,
05:43
and the fellow protesters in the square demanded my release.
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ื•ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื“ืจืฉื• ืฉื™ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื™.
05:48
After 11 days of complete darkness,
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ืœืื—ืจ 11 ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
05:50
I was set free.
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ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
05:52
And three days later,
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ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
05:54
Mubarak was forced to step down.
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ืžื•ื‘ืืจืง ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ.
05:57
It was the most inspiring and empowering moment of my life.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขืฆื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
06:02
It was a time of great hope.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
06:05
Egyptians lived a utopia for 18 days during the revolution.
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ืžืฆืจื™ื ื—ื™ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 18 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”.
06:09
They all shared the belief
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ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
06:11
that we could actually live together despite our differences,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•,
06:15
that Egypt after Mubarak would be for all.
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ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืืจืง ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื.
06:19
But unfortunately,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
06:20
the post-revolution events were like a punch in the gut.
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ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ.
06:26
The euphoria faded,
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ื”ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื” ื“ื”ืชื”,
06:28
we failed to build consensus,
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ื ื›ืฉืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก,
06:31
and the political struggle led to intense polarization.
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ื•ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™.
06:35
Social media only amplified that state,
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ืžื“ื™ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืจืง ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”,
06:38
by facilitating the spread of misinformation, rumors,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื’ื•ื™, ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช,
06:42
echo chambers and hate speech.
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ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื ื”.
06:45
The environment was purely toxic.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืจืขื™ืœื”.
06:48
My online world became a battleground filled with trolls, lies, hate speech.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื“ื” ืงืจื‘ ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื, ืฉืงืจื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื ื”
06:55
I started to worry about the safety of my family.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™.
06:59
But of course, this wasn't just about me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืืœื™.
07:03
The polarization reached its peak between the two main powers --
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ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื -
07:08
the army supporters and the Islamists.
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ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ื”ืื™ืกืœืืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
07:10
People in the center, like me,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
07:13
started feeling helpless.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื.
07:16
Both groups wanted you to side with them;
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืจืฆื• ืฉืชืฆื“ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื;
07:19
you were either with them or against them.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืื™ืชื ืื• ื ื’ื“ื.
07:22
And on the 3rd of July 2013,
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ื•ื‘ 3 ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013,
07:24
the army ousted Egypt's first democratically elected president,
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
07:29
after three days of popular protest that demanded his resignation.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืื” ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ืชื•.
07:34
That day I made a very hard decision.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”.
07:37
I decided to go silent, completely silent.
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืง, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืง.
07:42
It was a moment of defeat.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื•ืกื”.
07:45
I stayed silent for more than two years,
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ืฉืชืงืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
07:47
and I used the time to reflect on everything that happened,
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ื•ื ื™ืฆืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”,
07:51
trying to understand why did it happen.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงืจื”.
07:54
It became clear to me
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™
07:56
that while it's true that polarization is primarily driven
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ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
08:01
by our human behavior,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
08:03
social media shapes this behavior and magnifies its impact.
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ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื”.
08:08
Say you want to say something that is not based on a fact,
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”,
08:11
pick a fight or ignore someone that you don't like.
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ืœืจื™ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘.
08:14
These are all natural human impulses,
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื,
08:17
but because of technology,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
08:19
acting on these impulses is only one click away.
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ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืื—ืช.
08:24
In my view, there are five critical challenges
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
08:27
facing today's social media.
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
08:30
First, we don't know how to deal with rumors.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช.
08:34
Rumors that confirm people's biases
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ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืžืืฉืจื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:37
are now believed and spread among millions of people.
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ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ืขืช ืœืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
08:42
Second, we create our own echo chambers.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•.
08:46
We tend to only communicate with people that we agree with,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืจืง ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื,
08:49
and thanks to social media,
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
08:52
we can mute, un-follow and block everybody else.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืง, ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:58
Third, online discussions quickly descend into angry mobs.
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ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžืชื“ืจื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื™ ืืกืคืกื•ืฃ ื–ื•ืขื.
09:03
All of us probably know that.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
09:05
It's as if we forget
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื
09:07
that the people behind screens are actually real people
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื
09:10
and not just avatars.
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืื•ื•ืื˜ืจื™ื.
09:13
And fourth, it became really hard to change our opinions.
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
09:18
Because of the speed and brevity of social media,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
09:21
we are forced to jump to conclusions
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ืื ื• ืžืื•ืœืฆื™ื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช
09:24
and write sharp opinions in 140 characters
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ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ -140 ืชื•ื•ื™ื
09:27
about complex world affairs.
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ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
09:30
And once we do that, it lives forever on the Internet,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
09:34
and we are less motivated to change these views,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
09:37
even when new evidence arises.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
09:40
Fifth -- and in my point of view, this is the most critical --
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช -- ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ --
09:44
today, our social media experiences are designed in a way
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš
09:48
that favors broadcasting over engagements,
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ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
09:51
posts over discussions,
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ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื
09:54
shallow comments over deep conversations.
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ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืจื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช.
09:57
It's as if we agreed that we are here to talk at each other
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™
10:01
instead of talking with each other.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:05
I witnessed how these critical challenges contributed
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืชืจืžื•
10:07
to an already polarized Egyptian society,
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฆืจื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ื˜ื‘ืช,
10:11
but this is not just about Egypt.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื.
10:13
Polarization is on the rise in the whole world.
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ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:17
We need to work hard on figuring out
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช
10:19
how technology could be part of the solution,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ,
10:23
rather than part of the problem.
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ื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
10:27
There's a lot of debate today on how to combat online harassment
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช
10:30
and fight trolls.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื.
10:31
This is so important.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
10:33
No one could argue against that.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”.
10:36
But we need to also think about how to design social media experiences
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฆื‘ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
10:41
that promote civility and reward thoughtfulness.
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ืฉืžืงื“ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืžืœื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
10:45
I know for a fact
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช
10:46
if I write a post that is more sensational,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืคื•ืกื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื ืกืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ,
10:50
more one-sided, sometimes angry and aggressive,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื“-ืฆื“ื“ื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืขืก ื•ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™,
10:53
I get to have more people see that post.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
10:56
I will get more attention.
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ืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
10:59
But what if we put more focus on quality?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช?
11:03
What is more important:
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ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
11:04
the total number of readers of a post you write,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘,
11:07
or who are the people who have impact that read what you write?
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ืื• ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืงืจืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘?
11:12
Couldn't we just give people more incentives to engage in conversations,
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ื”ืื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช?
11:17
rather than just broadcasting opinions all the time?
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉื“ืจ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ?
11:20
Or reward people for reading
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ืื• ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืจื™ืื”
11:22
and responding to views that they disagree with?
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ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ?
11:26
And also, make it socially acceptable that we change our minds,
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ื•ื’ื, ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
11:30
or probably even reward that?
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืืช ื–ื”?
11:33
What if we have a matrix that says how many people changed their minds,
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ืžื” ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืชืจืื” ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื,
11:37
and that becomes part of our social media experience?
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•?
11:41
If I could track how many people are changing their minds,
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ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื,
11:44
I'd probably write more thoughtfully, trying to do that,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
11:48
rather than appealing to the people who already agree with me
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืืชื™
11:51
and "liking" because I just confirmed their biases.
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื™ ืœื™ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
11:55
We also need to think about effective crowdsourcing mechanisms,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื,
11:59
to fact-check widely spread online information,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
12:02
and reward people who take part in that.
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ื•ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื–ื”.
12:05
In essence, we need to rethink today's social media ecosystem
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
12:10
and redesign its experiences
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ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”
12:13
to reward thoughtfulness, civility and mutual understanding.
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ืœืชื’ืžืœ ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช.
12:17
As a believer in the Internet, I teamed up with a few friends,
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ื›ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
12:20
started a new project,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืžื™ื–ื ื—ื“ืฉ,
12:22
trying to find answers and explore possibilities.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
12:26
Our first product is a new media platform for conversations.
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ืžื•ืฆืจื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช.
12:30
We're hosting conversations that promote mutual understanding
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ืื ื• ืžืืจื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช
12:34
and hopefully change minds.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช.
12:36
We don't claim to have the answers,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
12:38
but we started experimenting with different discussions
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
12:42
about very divisive issues,
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ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
12:44
such as race, gun control, the refugee debate,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื–ืข, ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื ืฉืง, ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
12:48
relationship between Islam and terrorism.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกืœืื ืœื˜ืจื•ืจ.
12:51
These are conversations that matter.
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
12:54
Today, at least one out of three people on the planet
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
12:59
have access to the Internet.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
13:02
But part of this Internet is being held captive
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื™
13:06
by the less noble aspects of our human behavior.
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืืฆื™ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
13:10
Five years ago, I said,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืืžืจืชื™,
13:13
"If you want to liberate society,
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"ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื—ื‘ืจื”,
13:16
all you need is the Internet."
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜."
13:19
Today, I believe if we want to liberate society,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ื—ื‘ืจื”,
13:24
we first need to liberate the Internet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
13:27
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:28
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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