Let's design social media that drives real change | Wael Ghonim

449,782 views ・ 2016-02-04

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gemma Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I once said,
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
00:14
"If you want to liberate a society,
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"λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό 자유둭게 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
00:17
all you need is the Internet."
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ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은 였직 μΈν„°λ„·μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:20
I was wrong.
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μ œκ°€ ν‹€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
I said those words back in 2011,
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μ €λŠ” 이 말을 2011년에 ν–ˆμ£ .
00:24
when a Facebook page I anonymously created
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μ œκ°€ 읡λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  페이슀뢁 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€κ°€
00:27
helped spark the Egyptian revolution.
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ 혁λͺ…을 μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ£Όμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ£ .
00:30
The Arab Spring revealed social media's greatest potential,
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μ•„λžμ˜ 봄은 μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄μ˜ 큰 κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ“œλŸ¬λƒˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:35
but it also exposed its greatest shortcomings.
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큰 단점도 λ“œλŸ¬λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
The same tool that united us to topple dictators
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λ…μž¬μžλ“€μ„ μ‹€κ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 우리λ₯Ό λ‹¨κ²°ν•œ 도ꡬ가
00:45
eventually tore us apart.
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κ²°κ΅­ 저희을 ν•΄μ²΄μ‹œμΌ°μ£ .
00:48
I would like to share my own experience in using social media for activism,
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μ €λŠ” ν–‰λ™μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ €μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
00:53
and talk about some of the challenges I have personally faced
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μ œκ°€ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆλ˜ λ‚œκ΄€λ“€κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚œκ΄€μ„ 극볡할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
00:56
and what we could do about them.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
In the early 2000s,
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2000λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆλ°˜μ—
01:02
Arabs were flooding the web.
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μ•„λžμΈλ“€μ€ 인터넷을 λ– λŒμ•„λ‹€λ…”μ£ .
01:05
Thirsty for knowledge, for opportunities,
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정보와 κΈ°νšŒμ— λͺ©λ§λžκ³ 
01:08
for connecting with the rest of the people around the globe,
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세계인듀과 μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
01:12
we escaped our frustrating political realities
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쒌절슀러운 μ •μΉ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ„λ§μ³€μœΌλ©°
01:16
and lived a virtual, alternative life.
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κ°€μƒμ˜, λŒ€μ•ˆμ˜ 삢을 μ‚΄μ•˜μ£ .
01:21
Just like many of them, I was completely apolitical until 2009.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ μ €λŠ” 2009λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μ •μΉ˜μ— 관심을 ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ 갖지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
01:26
At the time, when I logged into social media,
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κ·Έλ•Œ μ €λŠ” μ†Œμ…œ 미디어에 λ‘œκ·ΈμΈν–ˆκ³ 
01:30
I started seeing more and more Egyptians
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμΈλ“€μ΄ μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό
01:32
aspiring for political change in the country.
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
It felt like I was not alone.
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ν˜Όμžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜μ£ .
01:40
In June 2010,
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2010λ…„ 6월에
01:42
Internet changed my life forever.
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인터넷이 제 삢을 ν†΅μ§Έλ‘œ λ°”κΏ¨μ£ .
01:47
While browsing Facebook,
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νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ„ 보던 쀑에
01:50
I saw a photo, a terrifying photo, of a tortured, dead body
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μ €λŠ” ν•œ λ”μ°ν•œ 사진을 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
of a young Egyptian guy.
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고문으둜 죽은 μ Šμ€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ λ‚¨μžμ˜€μ£ .
01:57
His name was Khaled Said.
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그의 이름은 μΉΌλ ˆλ“œ μ‚¬μ΄λ“œμ˜ˆμš”.
02:01
Khaled was a 29-year-old Alexandrian who was killed by police.
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μΉΌλ ˆλ“œλŠ” 29μ‚΄ μ•Œλ ‰μ‚°λ“œλ¦¬μ•ˆμ΄λ©° 경찰이 κ·Έλ₯Ό μ£½μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
02:07
I saw myself in his picture.
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μ €λŠ” 제 μžμ‹ μ„ κ·Έμ—κ²Œμ„œ λ³΄μ•˜μ£ .
02:09
I thought, "I could be Khaled."
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"λ‚΄κ°€ μΉΌλ ˆλ“œμΌ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄." 라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
02:12
I could not sleep that night, and I decided to do something.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ‚  μž μ„ 잘 수 μ—†μ—ˆκ³  무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμ£ .
02:17
I anonymously created a Facebook page
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μ €λŠ” 읡λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ 페이슀뢁 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
02:20
and called it "We are all Khaled Said."
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"우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” μΉΌλ ˆλ“œ μ‚¬μ΄λ“œ" 라고 μ΄λ¦„λΆ™μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
In just three days, the page had over 100,000 people,
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뢈과 3일 λ§Œμ— 10만 λͺ…이 κ°€μž…ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
02:29
fellow Egyptians who shared the same concern.
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같은 관심을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:33
Whatever was happening had to stop.
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λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” 일을 λ©ˆμΆ°μ•Ό ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:36
I recruited my co-admin, AbdelRahman Mansour.
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μ €λŠ” 곡동 κ΄€λ¦¬μž 아델라헀맨 λ©˜μ†”μ„ λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμ£ .
02:40
We worked together for hours and hours.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 같이 μΌν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:42
We were crowdsourcing ideas from the people.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ˜ 아이디어λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμ£ .
02:45
We were engaging them.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
02:47
We were calling collectively for actions,
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ν•¨κ»˜ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λ„λ‘ μš”μ²­ν–ˆκ³ 
02:49
and sharing news that the regime did not want Egyptians to know.
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μ •κΆŒμ΄ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ¦¬κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ€ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
The page became the most followed page
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νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•„λž μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€
02:57
in the Arab world.
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νŒ”λ‘œμš°λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
It had more fans than established media organizations
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기쑴의 λ―Έλ””μ–΄ μ‘°μ§μ΄λ‚˜ 유λͺ…인사보닀
03:03
and even top celebrities.
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더 λ§Žμ€ νŒ¬μ„ κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
On January 14, 2011,
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2011λ…„ 1μ›” 14일
03:09
Ben Ali fled out of Tunisia
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νŠ€λ‹ˆμ§€μ˜ λ²€ μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ”
03:12
after mounting protests against his regime.
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그의 μ •κΆŒμ„ λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 저항에 λͺ»μ΄κ²¨ λ‹¬μ•„λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
I saw a spark of hope.
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μ €λŠ” 희망의 λΆˆκ½ƒμ„ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Egyptians on social media were wondering,
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μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄μ˜ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμΈλ“€μ΄ κΆκΈˆν•΄ν–ˆμ£ .
03:21
"If Tunisia did it, why can't we?"
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"νŠ€λ‹ˆμ§€κ°€ ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 우리라고 λͺ»ν•˜κ² μ–΄?"
03:24
I posted an event on Facebook and called it
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μ €λŠ” νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ— 행사λ₯Ό 올리고 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 이름을 λΆ™μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
03:26
"A Revolution against Corruption, Injustice and Dictatorship."
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"λΆ€νŒ¨, λΆˆν‰λ“±, λ…μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” 혁λͺ…"
03:32
I posed a question to the 300,000 users of the page at the time:
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νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ˜ 30만 μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
"Today is the 14th of January.
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"μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 1μ›” 14μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
The 25th of January is Police Day.
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1μ›” 25일은 경찰의 λ‚ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
It's a national holiday.
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ꡭ경일이죠.
03:46
If 100,000 of us take to the streets of Cairo,
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우리 쀑 10만λͺ…이 카이둜 거리둜 λ‚˜κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
03:50
no one is going to stop us.
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아무도 우리λ₯Ό 막을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
I wonder if we could do it."
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•΄μš”."
03:54
In just a few days, the invitation reached over a million people,
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λ©°μΉ  μ•ˆμ— 백만λͺ… μ΄μƒμ—κ²Œ κ·Έ μ΄ˆλŒ€κ°€ κ°”κ³ 
03:59
and over 100,000 people confirmed attendance.
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10만λͺ… 이상이 μ°Έμ„ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Social media was crucial for this campaign.
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
It helped a decentralized movement arise.
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λΆ„μ‚°ν™”λœ μš΄λ™μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ 돕죠.
04:09
It made people realize that they were not alone.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν˜Όμžκ°€ μ•„λ‹˜μ„ κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
And it made it impossible for the regime to stop it.
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μ •κΆŒμ΄ 막을 수 μ—†κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ .
04:16
At the time, they didn't even understand it.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ •κΆŒμ€ 이해쑰차 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
And on January 25th, Egyptians flooded the streets of Cairo and other cities,
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1μ›” 25일 μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμΈλ“€μ€ μΉ΄μ΄λ‘œμ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ„μ‹œμ˜ κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ
04:25
calling for change,
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:27
breaking the barrier of fear
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두렀움을 μž₯벽을 λΆ€μˆ˜κ³ 
04:30
and announcing a new era.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Then came the consequences.
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κ·Έ ν›„ 결말이 μ™”μ£ .
04:36
A few hours before the regime cut off the Internet and telecommunications,
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μ •κΆŒμ΄ 인터넷과 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λŠμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κΈ° λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ 전에
04:41
I was walking in a dark street in Cairo, around midnight.
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μ €λŠ” ν•œλ°€μ€‘μ— μΉ΄μ΄λ‘œμ—μ„œ μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 거리λ₯Ό κ±·κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
I had just tweeted, "Pray for Egypt.
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μ €λŠ” νŠΈμœ—μ„ ν–ˆμ£ . "μ΄μ§‘νŠΈλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κΈ°λ„ν•΄μš”.
04:49
The government must be planning a massacre tomorrow."
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” 내일 λŒ€λŸ‰ν•™μ‚΄μ„ κ³„νšν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:53
I was hit hard on my head.
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μ €λŠ” 머리λ₯Ό μ„Έκ²Œ λ§žμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
04:56
I lost my balance and fell down,
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κ· ν˜•μ„ μžƒκ³  μ“°λŸ¬μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°
04:58
to find four armed men surrounding me.
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제 주변에 무μž₯ν•œ λ‚¨μž 4λͺ…이 μžˆλ”κ΅°μš”.
05:02
One covered my mouth and the others paralyzed me.
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ν•œ λͺ…은 제 μž…μ„ 막고 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” μ €λ₯Ό λ§ˆλΉ„μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
I knew I was being kidnapped by state security.
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μ €λŠ” κ΅­κ°€ 정보뢀가 μ €λ₯Ό λ‚©μΉ˜ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
I found myself in a cell,
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μ €λŠ” μž‘μ€ 방에
05:14
handcuffed, blindfolded.
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μˆ˜κ°‘μ„ μ°¨κ³  λˆˆμ„ κ°€λ¦° 채 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
I was terrified.
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λ¬΄μ„œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
So was my family,
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제 가쑱도 그랬죠.
05:20
who started looking for me
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가쑱은 μ €λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„
05:22
in hospitals, police stations and even morgues.
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병원, κ²½μ°°μ„œ, μ˜μ•ˆμ‹€κΉŒμ§€ 뒀지고 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
05:26
After my disappearance,
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μ œκ°€ 사라진 이후
05:27
a few of my fellow colleagues who knew I was the admin of the page
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μ œκ°€ κ·Έ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ˜ κ΄€λ¦¬μžμž„μ„ μ•Œμ•˜λ˜ λ™λ£Œ λͺ‡ λͺ…이
05:31
told the media about my connection with that page,
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μ œκ°€ κ·Έ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ™€ 관련이 μžˆμŒμ„ 미디어에 λ§ν–ˆκ³ 
05:35
and that I was likely arrested by state security.
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κ΅­κ°€ 정보뢀가 μ €λ₯Ό μ²΄ν¬ν•œ 것 κ°™λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ£ .
05:39
My colleagues at Google started a search campaign trying to find me,
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κ΅¬κΈ€μ˜ 제 λ™λ£Œκ°€ μ €λ₯Ό μ°ΎμœΌλ €λŠ” μš΄λ™μ„ λ²Œμ˜€κ³ 
05:43
and the fellow protesters in the square demanded my release.
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κ΄‘μž₯μ—μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œμœ„ν•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 제 석방을 μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
After 11 days of complete darkness,
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μ™„μ „ν•œ 암흑 μ†μ—μ„œ 11일을 보낸 λ’€
05:50
I was set free.
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μ €λŠ” ν’€λ €λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
And three days later,
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3일 ν›„
05:54
Mubarak was forced to step down.
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무바락은 κ°•μ œλ‘œ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
It was the most inspiring and empowering moment of my life.
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제 μ‚Άμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›κ³  νž˜μ„ μ‹€μ–΄μ€€ μˆœκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:02
It was a time of great hope.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 희망의 μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
Egyptians lived a utopia for 18 days during the revolution.
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμΈλ“€μ€ 혁λͺ…을 ν•˜λŠ” 18일 λ™μ•ˆ 이상세계에 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
They all shared the belief
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같은 λ―ΏμŒμ„ κ³΅μœ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
that we could actually live together despite our differences,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄ 수 있고
06:15
that Egypt after Mubarak would be for all.
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무바락 μ΄ν›„μ˜ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈλŠ” λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λΌκ³ μš”.
06:19
But unfortunately,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„
06:20
the post-revolution events were like a punch in the gut.
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혁λͺ… μ΄ν›„μ˜ 사건은 κΈ‰μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§žμ€ 것 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
The euphoria faded,
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행볡은 μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œκ³ 
06:28
we failed to build consensus,
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ν•©μ˜λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
and the political struggle led to intense polarization.
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μ •μΉ˜ 싸움은 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘κ·Ήν™”λ‘œ μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
Social media only amplified that state,
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” κ·Έ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ¦ν­μ‹œν‚¬ λΏμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:38
by facilitating the spread of misinformation, rumors,
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잘λͺ»λœ 정보, μ†Œλ¬Έ
06:42
echo chambers and hate speech.
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메아리 울림, 편파적 연섀이 νΌμ§€κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
06:45
The environment was purely toxic.
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ν™˜κ²½μ€ μ•„μ£Ό ν•΄λ‘œμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
My online world became a battleground filled with trolls, lies, hate speech.
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제 온라인 μ„Έκ³„λŠ” ν—˜λ‹΄, 거짓말, 증였 μ—°μ„€λ‘œ 가득찬 싸움터가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
I started to worry about the safety of my family.
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μ €λŠ” 제 κ°€μ‘±μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ΄ κ±±μ •λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
06:59
But of course, this wasn't just about me.
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λ¬Όλ‘  저에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒλ§Œμ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
The polarization reached its peak between the two main powers --
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두 개의 주된 ꢌλ ₯인 κ΅°λŒ€ μ§€μ§€μžμ™€ νšŒκ΅λ„ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ
07:08
the army supporters and the Islamists.
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μ–‘κ·Ήν™”κ°€ μ ˆμ •μ— 이λ₯΄λ €μ„ λ•Œ
07:10
People in the center, like me,
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μ €μ²˜λŸΌ 쀑간에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
07:13
started feeling helpless.
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무기λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
Both groups wanted you to side with them;
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μ–‘ μͺ½λ‹€ 자기 νŽΈμ„ λ“€κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λž¬κ³ 
07:19
you were either with them or against them.
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동지 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 적이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
And on the 3rd of July 2013,
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2013λ…„ 7μ›” 3일
07:24
the army ousted Egypt's first democratically elected president,
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κ΅°λŒ€λŠ” μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ 졜초의 민주주의둜 μ„ μΆœλœ λŒ€ν†΅λ ₯을 μ«“μ•„λƒˆμ£ .
07:29
after three days of popular protest that demanded his resignation.
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그의 μ‚¬μž„μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 저항을 ν•œ 지 3일 λ’€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
That day I made a very hard decision.
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κ·Έλ‚  μ €λŠ” νž˜λ“  결정을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
I decided to go silent, completely silent.
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μ €λŠ” 침묡, μ™„μ „ν•œ 침묡을 ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμ£ .
07:42
It was a moment of defeat.
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패배의 μˆœκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
I stayed silent for more than two years,
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μ €λŠ” 2λ…„ λ„˜κ²Œ μΉ¨λ¬΅ν–ˆκ³ 
07:47
and I used the time to reflect on everything that happened,
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무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ μ‚¬μƒ‰ν•˜λ©°
07:51
trying to understand why did it happen.
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μ™œ 그런 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
It became clear to me
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ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 건
07:56
that while it's true that polarization is primarily driven
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μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ μ–‘κ·Ήν™”κ°€ 주둜 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ§€λ§Œ
08:01
by our human behavior,
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08:03
social media shapes this behavior and magnifies its impact.
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λŠ” 이런 행동을 λͺ¨μ–‘짓고 κ·Έ 효과λ₯Ό ν™•λŒ€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
Say you want to say something that is not based on a fact,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 사싀이 μ•„λ‹Œ 것을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€κ³  ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
08:11
pick a fight or ignore someone that you don't like.
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싸움을 κ±Έκ±°λ‚˜ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
08:14
These are all natural human impulses,
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μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ°–λŠ” μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ° μΆ©λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
but because of technology,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 기술 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
08:19
acting on these impulses is only one click away.
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ν•œ 번의 클릭으둜 이런 행동을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
In my view, there are five critical challenges
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제 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•˜λŠ”
08:27
facing today's social media.
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5 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 도전이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
First, we don't know how to deal with rumors.
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첫째, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œλ¬Έμ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 닀뀄야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
Rumors that confirm people's biases
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ νŽΈκ²¬μ„ ν™•μΈν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ†Œλ¬Έμ€
08:37
are now believed and spread among millions of people.
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이제 수백만 λͺ…이 λ―Ώκ³  퍼뜨리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
Second, we create our own echo chambers.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜 메아리λ₯Ό 울리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
We tend to only communicate with people that we agree with,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μ†Œν†΅ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³ 
08:49
and thanks to social media,
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ 덕택에
08:52
we can mute, un-follow and block everybody else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ£½μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ νŒ”λ‘œμš°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ 차단할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
Third, online discussions quickly descend into angry mobs.
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μ…‹μ§Έ, 온라인 토둠은 재빨리 μ„±λ‚œ ꡰ쀑이 λ˜μ–΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
All of us probably know that.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
It's as if we forget
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마치 ν™”λ©΄ 뒀에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
09:07
that the people behind screens are actually real people
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아바타가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‹€μ œ μ‚¬λžŒμž„μ„ μžŠμ–΄λ²„λ¦° 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
and not just avatars.
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09:13
And fourth, it became really hard to change our opinions.
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λ„·μ§Έ, 우리 μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이 정말 νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
Because of the speed and brevity of social media,
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄μ˜ 속도와 κ°„κ²°μ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:21
we are forced to jump to conclusions
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결둠을 빨리 λ‚΄κ²Œ 되고
09:24
and write sharp opinions in 140 characters
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 세상 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄
09:27
about complex world affairs.
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λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘­κ²Œ 140자둜 μ˜κ²¬μ„ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
And once we do that, it lives forever on the Internet,
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일단 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 그것은 μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œ μ˜μ›νžˆ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
and we are less motivated to change these views,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ¦κ±°λ‚˜ λ‚˜μ˜€λ”λΌλ„ 그런 견해λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅μ£ .
09:37
even when new evidence arises.
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09:40
Fifth -- and in my point of view, this is the most critical --
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λ‹€μ„―μ§Έ, κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ°
09:44
today, our social media experiences are designed in a way
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄κ°€ κ³ μ•ˆλœ 방식은
09:48
that favors broadcasting over engagements,
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μ°Έμ—¬λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 방솑을
09:51
posts over discussions,
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ν† λ‘ λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κ²Œμ‹œλ¬Όμ„
09:54
shallow comments over deep conversations.
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μ‹¬μ˜€ν•œ λŒ€ν™”λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ–„νŒν•œ 논평을 μ„ ν˜Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
It's as if we agreed that we are here to talk at each other
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μ„œλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ 일방적으둜
10:01
instead of talking with each other.
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μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λ™μ˜ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
10:05
I witnessed how these critical challenges contributed
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 도전이 이미 μ–‘κ·Ήν™”λœ
10:07
to an already polarized Egyptian society,
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€λŠ”μ§€ λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:11
but this is not just about Egypt.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 μ΄μ§‘νŠΈλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
Polarization is on the rise in the whole world.
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μ–‘κ·Ήν™”λŠ” μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
We need to work hard on figuring out
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 기술이 문제의 일뢀가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
10:19
how technology could be part of the solution,
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ν•΄κ²°μ±…μ˜ 일뢀가 될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€
10:23
rather than part of the problem.
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μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
There's a lot of debate today on how to combat online harassment
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였늘 온라인 폭행과 비방을 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄
10:30
and fight trolls.
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λ§Žμ€ 토둠을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
This is so important.
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
No one could argue against that.
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여기에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•  μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
But we need to also think about how to design social media experiences
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 섀계할지도 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
that promote civility and reward thoughtfulness.
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곡손함을 μž₯λ €ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬λ €κΉŠμŒμ„ λ³΄μƒν•˜λ„λ‘μš”.
10:45
I know for a fact
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μ €λŠ” μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
if I write a post that is more sensational,
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μ œκ°€ 더 자극적이고
10:50
more one-sided, sometimes angry and aggressive,
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ν•œμͺ½μ— 치우치고 λ•Œλ‘œ ν™”λ‚˜κ³  곡격적인 글을 μ“°λ©΄
10:53
I get to have more people see that post.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ·Έ 글을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
I will get more attention.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 주의λ₯Ό 끌죠.
10:59
But what if we put more focus on quality?
191
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ€μ˜ μ§ˆμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:03
What is more important:
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더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
11:04
the total number of readers of a post you write,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ“΄ 글을 읽은 λ…μžμˆ˜
11:07
or who are the people who have impact that read what you write?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ“΄ 글을 읽고 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λˆ„κ΅¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
11:12
Couldn't we just give people more incentives to engage in conversations,
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항상 μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ°©μ†‘ν•˜κΈ° λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λŒ€ν™”μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
11:17
rather than just broadcasting opinions all the time?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 동기뢀여λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:20
Or reward people for reading
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그듀이 λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 견해λ₯Ό
11:22
and responding to views that they disagree with?
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읽고 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ” 것에 보상을 μ£Όλ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:26
And also, make it socially acceptable that we change our minds,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이 μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 받아듀여지고
11:30
or probably even reward that?
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거기에도 보상을 ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κΉŒμš”?
11:33
What if we have a matrix that says how many people changed their minds,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ°”κΏ¨λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 체계가 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
11:37
and that becomes part of our social media experience?
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그것이 μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ κ²½ν—˜μ˜ 일뢀가 λœλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:41
If I could track how many people are changing their minds,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ°”κΏ¨λŠ”μ§€ 좔적할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
11:44
I'd probably write more thoughtfully, trying to do that,
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ €κ³  쒀더 μ‚¬λ €κΉŠκ²Œ 글을 μ“Έ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
rather than appealing to the people who already agree with me
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제 생각에 이미 λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ„€λ“ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
11:51
and "liking" because I just confirmed their biases.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ νŽΈκ²¬μ„ ν™•μΈμ‹œμΌœ μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— "μ’‹μ•„ν•΄μš”" ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—μš”.
11:55
We also need to think about effective crowdsourcing mechanisms,
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λ˜ν•œ λŒ€μ€‘μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 효과적으둜 정보λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
to fact-check widely spread online information,
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널리 퍼진 온라인 μ •λ³΄μ˜ 사싀을 ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ 
12:02
and reward people who take part in that.
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거기에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 보상을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
In essence, we need to rethink today's social media ecosystem
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본질적으둜 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
12:10
and redesign its experiences
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κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ μ„€κ³„ν•΄μ„œ
12:13
to reward thoughtfulness, civility and mutual understanding.
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μ‚¬λ €κΉŠμŒ, 곡손함, μƒν˜Έ 이해λ₯Ό λ³΄μƒν•΄μ€˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
As a believer in the Internet, I teamed up with a few friends,
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인터넷을 λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ €λŠ” λͺ‡λͺ‡ μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜
12:20
started a new project,
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μƒˆ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
trying to find answers and explore possibilities.
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닡을 μ°Ύκ³  κ°€λŠ₯성을 νƒκ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
12:26
Our first product is a new media platform for conversations.
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첫 μ œν’ˆμ€ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν”Œλž«νΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
We're hosting conversations that promote mutual understanding
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ 이해λ₯Ό μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μ—΄κ³ 
12:34
and hopefully change minds.
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λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ°”κΎΈκΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
We don't claim to have the answers,
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닡이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
12:38
but we started experimenting with different discussions
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 토둠을 μ‹€ν—˜μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:42
about very divisive issues,
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뢄열을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œλ“€
12:44
such as race, gun control, the refugee debate,
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인쒅, 총기 규제, λ‚œλ―Ό ν† λ‘ 
12:48
relationship between Islam and terrorism.
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이슬람과 ν…ŒλŸ¬λ¦¬μ¦˜κ°„μ˜ 관계 같은 문제죠.
12:51
These are conversations that matter.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ λŒ€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
Today, at least one out of three people on the planet
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ 적어도 3λͺ… 쀑 1λͺ…은
12:59
have access to the Internet.
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인터넷에 μ ‘μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
But part of this Internet is being held captive
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ μΌλΆ€λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ κ³ μƒν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 츑면으둜
13:06
by the less noble aspects of our human behavior.
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μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
Five years ago, I said,
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5λ…„ 전에 μ €λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
13:13
"If you want to liberate society,
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"λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό ν•΄λ°©μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
13:16
all you need is the Internet."
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μΈν„°λ„·λ§Œ 있으면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
13:19
Today, I believe if we want to liberate society,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό ν•΄λ°©μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
13:24
we first need to liberate the Internet.
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λ¨Όμ € 인터넷을 ν•΄λ°©μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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