Melinda French Gates: What nonprofits can learn from Coca-Cola

319,598 views ใƒป 2010-10-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Maayan Tzuk-Peri ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
One of my favorite parts
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื
00:17
of my job at the Gates Foundation
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ืขืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก
00:19
is that I get to travel to the developing world,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
00:21
and I do that quite regularly.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืžื“ื™.
00:23
And when I meet the mothers
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช
00:25
in so many of these remote places,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
00:27
I'm really struck by the things
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืคืชืขืช ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
00:29
that we have in common.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
00:31
They want what we want for our children
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ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
00:34
and that is for their children to grow up successful,
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”,
00:37
to be healthy, and to have a successful life.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื.
00:40
But I also see lots of poverty,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจื•ืื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ื ื™,
00:43
and it's quite jarring,
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื,
00:46
both in the scale and the scope of it.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
00:48
My first trip in India, I was in a person's home
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ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื
00:51
where they had dirt floors, no running water,
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืจืฆืคื•ืช ืขืคืจ, ืœืœื ืžื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื,
00:53
no electricity,
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ืœืœื ื—ืฉืžืœ,
00:55
and that's really what I see all over the world.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:58
So in short, I'm startled by all the things
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ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
01:01
that they don't have.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื.
01:04
But I am surprised by one thing that they do have:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืคืชืขืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื:
01:08
Coca-Cola.
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ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
01:10
Coke is everywhere.
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ืงื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
01:12
In fact, when I travel to the developing world,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
01:14
Coke feels ubiquitous.
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ืงื•ืœื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
01:16
And so when I come back from these trips,
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื‘ื” ืžื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
01:18
and I'm thinking about development,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
01:20
and I'm flying home and I'm thinking,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื˜ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
01:22
"We're trying to deliver condoms to people or vaccinations,"
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื,"
01:25
you know, Coke's success kind of stops and makes you wonder:
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘:
01:28
how is it that they can get Coke
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืงื•ืœื”
01:30
to these far-flung places?
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืืœ ื”ืืœื•?
01:32
If they can do that,
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
01:34
why can't governments and NGOs do the same thing?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ?
01:37
And I'm not the first person to ask this question.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:40
But I think, as a community,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
01:42
we still have a lot to learn.
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ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“.
01:45
It's staggering, if you think about Coca-Cola.
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ื–ื” ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœ, ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
01:47
They sell 1.5 billion servings
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื 1.5 ืžื ื•ืช
01:50
every single day.
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ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
01:53
That's like every man, woman and child on the planet
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ืจ, ืืฉื” ื•ื™ืœื“ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:55
having a serving of Coke every week.
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ื™ืฉืชื” ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
01:58
So why does this matter?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
02:01
Well, if we're going to speed up the progress
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
02:04
and go even faster
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ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:06
on the set of Millennium Development Goals that we're set as a world,
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื‘ืขื ื• ื›ืขื•ืœื
02:09
we need to learn from the innovators,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:11
and those innovators
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:13
come from every single sector.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™
02:16
I feel that, if we can understand
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:18
what makes something like Coca-Cola ubiquitous,
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ืžื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช
02:21
we can apply those lessons then for the public good.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
02:26
Coke's success is relevant,
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ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช,
02:28
because if we can analyze it, learn from it,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื”,
02:31
then we can save lives.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:33
So that's why I took a bit of time to study Coke.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
02:37
And I think there are really three things
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
02:39
we can take away from Coca-Cola.
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
02:41
They take real-time data
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
02:43
and immediately feed it back into the product.
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ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžื•ืฆืจ.
02:46
They tap into local entrepreneurial talent,
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ื”ื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
02:49
and they do incredible marketing.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
02:52
So let's start with the data.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
02:55
Now Coke has a very clear bottom line --
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ืœืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
02:57
they report to a set of shareholders, they have to turn a profit.
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ื”ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
03:00
So they take the data,
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
03:02
and they use it to measure progress.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
03:04
They have this very continuous feedback loop.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขื’ืœ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘.
03:06
They learn something, they put it back into the product,
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ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ,
03:08
they put it back into the market.
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ื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื•ืง.
03:10
They have a whole team called "Knowledge and Insight."
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื“ืข ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื”."
03:12
It's a lot like other consumer companies.
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:14
So if you're running Namibia for Coca-Cola,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื‘ื ืžื™ื‘ื™ื”,
03:16
and you have a 107 constituencies,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื 107 ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช,
03:18
you know where every can versus bottle
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืคื—ื™ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง
03:21
of Sprite, Fanta or Coke was sold,
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ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืคื ื˜ื” ืื• ืงื•ืœื” ื ืžื›ืจื•,
03:23
whether it was a corner store,
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ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื ืชื™ืช,
03:25
a supermarket or a pushcart.
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ืื• ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ ืื• ืขื’ืœื”.
03:27
So if sales start to drop,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืจื“ืช,
03:29
then the person can identify the problem
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ืื– ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
03:31
and address the issue.
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ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
03:34
Let's contrast that for a minute to development.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื“ืงื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—.
03:38
In development, the evaluation comes
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ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื”
03:41
at the very end of the project.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
03:44
I've sat in a lot of those meetings,
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ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
03:46
and by then,
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ื•ืขื“ ืื–,
03:48
it is way too late to use the data.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข.
03:51
I had somebody from an NGO
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
03:53
once describe it to me as bowling in the dark.
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืคืขื ื›ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”.
03:55
They said, "You roll the ball, you hear some pins go down.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืืชื” ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ, ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื›ืžื” ืคื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื.
03:58
It's dark, you can't see which one goes down until the lights come on,
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ื ืคืœื• ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ื—ื•ื–ืจ,
04:01
and then you an see your impact."
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ื•ืื– ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœืš."
04:04
Real-time data
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช
04:06
turns on the lights.
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ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
04:10
So what's the second thing that Coke's good at?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื•?
04:12
They're good at tapping into
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ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”
04:14
that local entrepreneurial talent.
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ืœื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™.
04:16
Coke's been in Africa since 1928,
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ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืื– 1928,
04:18
but most of the time they couldn't reach the distant markets,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื,
04:21
because they had a system that was a lot like in the developed world,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—,
04:24
which was a large truck rolling down the street.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื ื•ืกืขืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:27
And in Africa, the remote places,
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ืืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื,
04:29
it's hard to find a good road.
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ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:31
But Coke noticed something --
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืžื” ืœื‘ ืœืžืฉื”ื•.
04:33
they noticed that local people were taking the product, buying it in bulk
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ื”ื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืงื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช
04:36
and then reselling it in these hard-to-reach places.
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ื•ืื– ืžื›ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
04:40
And so they took a bit of time to learn about that.
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ืื– ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:42
And they decided in 1990
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ื•ื‘-1990 ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
04:44
that they wanted to start training the local entrepreneurs,
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ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
04:46
giving them small loans.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
04:48
They set them up as what they called micro-distribution centers,
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ื”ื ืืจื’ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื”ืคืฆื”.
04:51
and those local entrepreneurs then hire sales people,
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ื•ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื—"ื› ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:54
who go out with bicycles and pushcarts and wheelbarrows
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืจื™ืฆื•ืช
04:57
to sell the product.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.
04:59
There are now some 3,000 of these centers
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื›ืืœื•
05:01
employing about 15,000 people in Africa.
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ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื›-15 ืืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
05:05
In Tanzania and Uganda,
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ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื•ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”,
05:07
they represent 90 percent
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ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
05:09
of Coke's sales.
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ืžืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
05:13
Let's look at the development side.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
05:15
What is it that governments and NGOs
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ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช
05:17
can learn from Coke?
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”?
05:19
Governments and NGOs
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช
05:21
need to tap into that local entrepreneurial talent as well,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื ื›ืŸ,
05:24
because the locals know how to reach
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
05:26
the very hard-to-serve places, their neighbors,
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ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ืขื”, ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
05:29
and they know what motivates them to make change.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
05:33
I think a great example of this
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื–ื”
05:35
is Ethiopia's new health extension program.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”.
05:38
The government noticed in Ethiopia
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ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืžื” ืœื‘
05:40
that many of the people were so far away from a health clinic,
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืจืคืื”,
05:43
they were over a day's travel away from a health clinic.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื™ื•ื ืžืžืจืคืื”.
05:46
So if you're in an emergency situation -- or if you're a mom about to deliver a baby --
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ืื– ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžืฆื‘ ื—ืจื•ื, ืื• ืื ืืช ืื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืœื“ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
05:49
forget it, to get to the health care center.
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ืฉื›ื— ืžื–ื”, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืจืคืื”.
05:52
They decided that wasn't good enough,
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
05:54
so they went to India and studied the Indian state of Kerala
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ืื– ื”ื ื ืกืขื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืจืืœื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
05:56
that also had a system like this,
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ื’ื ืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื›ื–ื•,
05:58
and they adapted it for Ethiopia.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”.
06:00
And in 2003, the government of Ethiopia
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ื•ื‘-2003, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”
06:02
started this new system in their own country.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื.
06:05
They trained 35,000 health extension workers
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ื”ื ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• 35,000 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ื—ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”
06:08
to deliver care directly to the people.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
06:11
In just five years,
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
06:13
their ratio went from one worker for every 30,000 people
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœื”ื ืขื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื—ื“ ืœ-30,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
06:17
to one worker for every 2,500 people.
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ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ 2,500 ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:22
Now, think about
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ
06:24
how this can change people's lives.
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:27
Health extension workers can help with so many things,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
06:30
whether it's family planning, prenatal care,
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ืื ื–ื” ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
06:33
immunizations for the children,
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ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
06:35
or advising the woman to get to the facility on time
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ืื• ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืชืงืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
06:38
for an on-time delivery.
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ืœืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืชืชื—ืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
06:41
That is having real impact
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ืœื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
06:43
in a country like Ethiopia,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”,
06:45
and it's why you see their child mortality numbers
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ ืชืžื•ืชืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
06:48
coming down 25 percent
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ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘-25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
06:50
from 2000 to 2008.
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ืžืฉื ืช 2000 ืœืฉื ืช 2008.
06:53
In Ethiopia, there are hundreds of thousands of children living
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ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื
06:56
because of this health extension worker program.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื–ื•.
07:00
So what's the next step for Ethiopia?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืœืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”?
07:02
Well, they're already starting talk about this.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:04
They're starting to talk about, "How do you have the health community workers
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ, "ืื™ืš ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
07:07
generate their own ideas?
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื?
07:09
How do you incent them based on the impact that they're getting
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ืื™ืš ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื”ื
07:11
out in those remote villages?"
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ื‘ืื•ืชื ื›ืคืจื™ื ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื?"
07:14
That's how you tap into local entrepreneurial talent
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ื›ืš ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™
07:17
and you unlock people's potential.
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ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:22
The third component of Coke's success
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ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”
07:24
is marketing.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
07:26
Ultimately, Coke's success
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”
07:28
depends on one crucial fact
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืžื›ืจืขืช,
07:30
and that is that people want
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
07:32
a Coca-Cola.
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ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
07:34
Now the reason these micro-entrepreneurs
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื•ืชื ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื™ื–ืžื™ื
07:36
can sell or make a profit
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—
07:38
is they have to sell every single bottle in their pushcart or their wheelbarrow.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืขื’ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืื• ื‘ืžืจื™ืฆื”.
07:41
So, they rely on Coca-Cola
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”
07:44
in terms of its marketing,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
07:46
and what's the secret to their marketing?
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ื•ืžื” ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื?
07:49
Well, it's aspirational.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ืœื•ื.
07:51
It is associated that product
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื”
07:53
with a kind of life that people want to live.
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ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
07:56
So even though it's a global company,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
07:58
they take a very local approach.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื“.
08:01
Coke's global campaign slogan
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ื”ืกื™ืกืžื” ืœืžืกืข ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”
08:03
is "Open Happiness."
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ื”ื™ื "ืื•ืฉืจ ืคืชื•ื—."
08:05
But they localize it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื™.
08:07
And they don't just guess what makes people happy;
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื ื—ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืžืฉืžื— ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:09
they go to places like Latin America
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช,
08:11
and they realize that happiness there
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ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืฉื
08:13
is associated with family life.
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ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
08:15
And in South Africa,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
08:17
they associate happiness
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ื”ื ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืฉืจ
08:19
with seriti or community respect.
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ืขื [ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ] ืื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
08:23
Now, that played itself out in the World Cup campaign.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื”ืชืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
08:26
Let's listen to this song that Coke created for it,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืจ ืฉืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื™ืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•,
08:28
"Wavin' Flag" by a Somali hip hop artist.
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"ื“ื’ืœ ืžืชื ืคื ืฃ" ืฉืœ ืืžืŸ ื”ื™ืค-ื”ื•ืค ืกื•ืžืœื™.
08:32
(Video) K'Naan: โ™ซ Oh oh oh oh oh o-oh โ™ซ
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื›ื ืขืŸ: โ™ซืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื•-ืื•โ™ซ
08:35
โ™ซ Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• โ™ซ
08:39
โ™ซ Oh oh oh oh oh o-oh โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื•-ืื• โ™ซ
08:41
โ™ซ Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh oh o-oh โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื• ืื•-ืื• โ™ซ
08:45
โ™ซGive you freedom, give you fireโ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืœืชืช ืœืš ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืœืชืช ืœืš ืืฉ โ™ซ
08:48
โ™ซ Give you reason, take you higher โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืœืชืช ืœืš ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ™ซ
08:51
โ™ซ See the champions take the field now โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืคื™ื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ™ซ
08:54
โ™ซ You define us, make us feel proud โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ืืชื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื’ืื•ื•ื” โ™ซ
08:58
โ™ซ In the streets our heads are lifted โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจืžื™ื โ™ซ
09:01
โ™ซ As we lose our inhibition โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• โ™ซ
09:04
โ™ซ Celebration, it's around us โ™ซ
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โ™ซ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”, ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• โ™ซ
09:07
โ™ซ Every nation, all around us โ™ซ
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?โ™ซ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื”, ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• โ™ซ
09:11
Melinda French Gates: It feels pretty good, right?
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ืžืœื™ื ื“ื” ืคืจื ืฅ' ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก: ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:13
Well, they didn't stop there --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขื ืœื ืขืฆืจื• ืฉื.
09:15
they localized it into 18 different languages.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘-18 ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:17
And it went number one on the pop chart
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืคื•ืค
09:19
in 17 countries.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ืข-ืขืฉืจื” ืืจืฆื•ืช.
09:22
It reminds me of a song that I remember from my childhood,
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ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™,
09:25
"I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing,"
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"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื™ืจ,"
09:28
that also went number one on the pop charts.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืค.
09:31
Both songs have something in common:
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ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ:
09:34
that same appeal
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ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉื™ื›ื”
09:36
of celebration and unity.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช.
09:40
So how does health and development market?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื?
09:43
Well, it's based on avoidance,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช,
09:46
not aspirations.
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ืœื ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช.
09:48
I'm sure you've heard some of these messages.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืกืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
09:50
"Use a condom, don't get AIDS."
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"ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืงื•ื ื“ื•ื, ื•ืœื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืื™ื™ื“ืก."
09:53
"Wash you hands, you might not get diarrhea."
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"ืฉื™ื˜ืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ."
09:56
It doesn't sound anything like "Wavin' Flag" to me.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืœื™ ื›ืžื• "ื“ื’ืœ ืžืชื ืคื ืฃ".
10:01
And I think we make a fundamental mistake --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช,
10:03
we make an assumption,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื,
10:05
that we think that, if people need something,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•,
10:07
we don't have to make them want that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
10:10
And I think that's a mistake.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช.
10:12
And there's some indications around the world that this is starting to change.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
10:15
One example is sanitation.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”.
10:18
We know that a million and a half children
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
10:20
die a year from diarrhea
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ืžืชื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœ,
10:22
and a lot of it is because of open defecation.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
10:25
But there's a solution: you build a toilet.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ: ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
10:28
But what we're finding around the world, over and over again,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื’ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
10:31
is, if you build a toilet and you leave it there,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืฉื,
10:34
it doesn't get used.
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ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
10:36
People reuse it for a slab for their home.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืงื™ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
10:38
They sometimes store grain in it.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ื•ืื”.
10:40
I've even seen it used for a chicken coop.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช.
10:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:44
But what does marketing really entail
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืช ืžื›ื™ืœ
10:46
that would make a sanitation solution get a result in diarrhea?
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ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื‘ืจื•ืื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ?
10:49
Well, you work with the community.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
10:51
You start to talk to them about why open defecation
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื
10:53
is something that shouldn't be done in the village,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ,
10:55
and they agree to that.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื–ื”.
10:57
But then you take the toilet and you position it
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื
11:00
as a modern, trendy convenience.
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ื›ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ืื•ืคื ืชื™ืช.
11:03
One state in Northern India has gone so far
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืช
11:05
as to link toilets to courtship.
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ื•ืงืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ.
11:08
And it works -- look at these headlines.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
11:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:15
I'm not kidding.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืงืช.
11:17
Women are refusing to marry men without toilets.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
11:19
No loo, no "I do."
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื.
11:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:24
Now, it's not just a funny headline --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ืœื ืจืง ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื”.
11:27
it's innovative. It's an innovative marketing campaign.
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ื–ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™. ื–ื” ืžืกืข ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉื ื™.
11:30
But more importantly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
11:32
it saves lives.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
11:35
Take a look at this --
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ื–ื”.
11:37
this is a room full of young men
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ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
11:39
and my husband, Bill.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™, ื‘ื™ืœ.
11:41
And can you guess what the young men are waiting for?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ ืœืžื” ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื?
11:45
They're waiting to be circumcised.
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ื”ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืฉืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ืœื”.
11:48
Can you you believe that?
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ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื?
11:50
We know that circumcision reduces HIV infection
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžื™ืœื” ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก
11:53
by 60 percent in men.
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ื‘-60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:55
And when we first heard this result inside the Foundation,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืงืจืŸ,
11:58
I have to admit, Bill and I were scratching our heads a little bit
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืื ื™ ื’ืจื“ื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืจืืฉื™ื ื•,
12:00
and we were saying, "But who's going to volunteer for this procedure?"
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•, "ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื–ื”?"
12:03
But it turns out the men do,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื,
12:05
because they're hearing from their girlfriends
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
12:07
that they prefer it,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
12:09
and the men also believe it improves their sex life.
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
12:13
So if we can start to understand
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
12:16
what people really want
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ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื
12:18
in health and development,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
12:20
we can change communities
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
12:22
and we can change whole nations.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช.
12:26
Well, why is all of this so important?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
12:29
So let's talk about what happens when this all comes together,
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
12:32
when you tie the three things together.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
12:34
And polio, I think, is one of the most powerful examples.
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ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.
12:38
We've seen a 99 percent reduction in polio in 20 years.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ 99 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”.
12:42
So if you look back to 1988,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืœ-1988,
12:44
there are about 350,000 cases of polio
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 350,000 ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื•
12:47
on the planet that year.
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ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”.
12:49
In 2009, we're down to 1,600 cases.
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ื‘-2009, ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืœ-1,600 ืžืงืจื™ื.
12:52
Well how did that happen?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืงืจื”?
12:55
Let's look at a country like India.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื“ื•.
12:57
They have over a billion people in this country,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
13:00
but they have 35,000 local doctors
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื 35,000 ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
13:03
who report paralysis,
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ืฉืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืง,
13:05
and clinicians, a huge reporting system in chemists.
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ื•ืงืœื™ื ืื™ื, ืžืขืจืš ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื›ื™ืžืื™ื.
13:08
They have two and a half million vaccinators.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืกื ื™ื.
13:12
But let me make the story a little bit more concrete for you.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
13:14
Let me tell you the story of Shriram,
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื,
13:16
an 18 month boy in Bihar,
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ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ืจ,
13:18
a northern state in India.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
13:20
This year on August 8th, he felt paralysis
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ื‘-8 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง,
13:23
and on the 13th, his parents took him to the doctor.
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ื•ื‘-13, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืจื•ืคื.
13:27
On August 14th and 15th, they took a stool sample,
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ื‘-14 ื•ื”-15 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ืฆื•ืื”,
13:29
and by the 25th of August,
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ื•ืขื“ ื”-25 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜,
13:31
it was confirmed he had Type 1 polio.
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ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื•ืœื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ 1.
13:34
By August 30th, a genetic test was done,
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ืขื“ ื”-30 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช,
13:37
and we knew what strain of polio Shriram had.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืจื™ืจื.
13:40
Now it could have come from one of two places.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
13:42
It could have come from Nepal, just to the north, across the border,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื ืคืืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ,
13:45
or from Jharkhand, a state just to the south.
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ืื• ืžื’'ื”ืจืงื”ื ื“, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืจื•ื.
13:48
Luckily, the genetic testing proved
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ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื”
13:51
that, in fact, this strand came north,
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ,
13:53
because, had it come from the south,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื“ืจื•ื,
13:55
it would have had a much wider impact in terms of transmission.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”.
13:57
So many more people would have been affected.
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ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื.
13:59
So what's the endgame?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ?
14:01
Well on September 4th, there was a huge mop-up campaign,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืข ื’ื•ืจืฃ ืขื ืง
14:04
which is what you do in polio.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
14:06
They went out and where Shriram lives,
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืื•, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืฉืจื™ืจื ื’ืจ,
14:08
they vaccinated two million people.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืกื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
14:10
So in less than a month,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
14:12
we went from one case of paralysis
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ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง
14:14
to a targeted vaccination program.
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืงื“.
14:17
And I'm happy to say only one other person in that area got polio.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
14:20
That's how you keep
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ื›ืš ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื
14:22
a huge outbreak from spreading,
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜,
14:24
and it shows what can happen
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช
14:26
when local people have the data in their hands;
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื,
14:29
they can save lives.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:32
Now one of the challenges in polio, still, is marketing,
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ืขืชื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง,
14:35
but it might not be what you think.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
14:37
It's not the marketing on the ground.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
14:39
It's not telling the parents,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื,
14:41
"If you see paralysis, take your child to the doctor
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"ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืง, ืงื—ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืœืจื•ืคื
14:43
or get your child vaccinated."
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ืื• ื—ืกื ื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื."
14:45
We have a problem with marketing in the donor community.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื.
14:48
The G8 nations have been incredibly generous on polio
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”-G8 ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื•
14:50
over the last 20 years,
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ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
14:52
but we're starting to have something called polio fatigue
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืฆืœื ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืคื•ืœื™ื•,
14:55
and that is that the donor nations
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจืžื•ืช
14:57
aren't willing to fund polio any longer.
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ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžืžืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:59
So by next summer, we're sighted to run out of money on polio.
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื“ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื‘ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืื–ืœ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœืคื•ืœื™ื•.
15:02
So we are 99 percent
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื‘-99 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
15:05
of the way there on this goal
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ืžื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื•,
15:07
and we're about to run short of money.
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ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืกืฃ.
15:10
And I think that if the marketing were more aspirational,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืชื ื™,
15:13
if we could focus as a community
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”
15:15
on how far we've come
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ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ืขื ื•
15:17
and how amazing it would be
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
15:19
to eradicate this disease,
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ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
15:21
we could put polio fatigue
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืคื•ืœื™ื•
15:23
and polio behind us.
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ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื•, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•.
15:25
And if we could do that,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
15:27
we could stop vaccinating everybody, worldwide,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ืกืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื, ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
15:29
in all of our countries for polio.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคื•ืœื™ื•.
15:32
And it would only be the second disease ever
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ื•ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื
15:34
wiped off the face of the planet.
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ืฉืชื™ืžื—ืง ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
15:37
And we are so close.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
15:39
And this victory is so possible.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจื™.
15:43
So if Coke's marketers came to me
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™
15:46
and asked me to define happiness,
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ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืฉืจ,
15:50
I'd say my vision of happiness
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœืื•ืฉืจ
15:52
is a mother holding healthy baby
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ื”ื•ื ืื ื”ืื•ื—ื–ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื
15:55
in her arms.
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”.
15:57
To me, that is deep happiness.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง.
16:02
And so if we can learn lessons from the innovators in every sector,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื,
16:05
then in the future we make together,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“,
16:08
that happiness
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ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”
16:10
can be just as ubiquitous
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช
16:12
as Coca-Cola.
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ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”.
16:14
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
16:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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