What we don't know about mother's milk | Katie Hinde

139,634 views ใƒป 2017-04-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Jenny Rublevsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Have you ever heard the one about how breastfeeding is free?
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ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื?
00:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:18
Yeah, it's pretty funny,
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืฆื—ื™ืง,
00:20
because it's only free if we don't value women's time and energy.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื—ื™ื ื ืื ืœื ื ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
00:26
Any mother can tell you how much time and energy it takes
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ื›ืœ ืืžื ืชื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื—
00:31
to liquify her body --
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ืœื”ืžื™ืก ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”
00:33
to literally dissolve herself --
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ืกืก
00:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:37
as she feeds this precious little cannibal.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืงืจ.
00:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:43
Milk is why mammals suck.
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ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžื•ืฆืฆื™ื.
00:47
At Arizona State University,
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื”,
00:49
in the Comparative Lactation Lab,
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ื”ื ืงื” ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช,
00:51
I decode mothers' milk composition
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ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื—ืช ืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืื
00:53
to understand its complexity
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
00:56
and how it influences infant development.
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ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ื˜.
01:00
The most important thing that I've learned
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
01:03
is that we do not do enough to support mothers and babies.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
01:09
And when we fail mothers and babies,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
01:11
we fail everyone who loves mothers and babies:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช:
01:15
the fathers, the partners, the grandparents, the aunties,
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื, ื”ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช,
01:19
the friends and kin that make our human social networks.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:24
It's time that we abandon simple solutions and simple slogans,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืกืžืื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช,
01:29
and grapple with the nuance.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื.
01:32
I was very fortunate
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจืช ืžื–ืœ
01:33
to run smack-dab into that nuance very early,
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ืœืจื•ืฅ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืื•ื“,
01:37
during my first interview with a journalist
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช
01:40
when she asked me,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™,
01:41
"How long should a mother breastfeed her baby?"
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"ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื”?"
01:47
And it was that word "should" that brought me up short,
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืืžื•ืจื”" ื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื™,
01:52
because I will never tell a woman what she should do with her body.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืื’ื™ื“ ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”.
01:58
Babies survive and thrive
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ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื™ื
02:00
because their mother's milk is food, medicine and signal.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืชืจื•ืคื” ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ.
02:05
For young infants,
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ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
02:06
mother's milk is a complete diet
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ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœืžื”
02:08
that provides all the building blocks for their bodies,
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ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืคื,
02:10
that shapes their brain
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ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ืžื•ื—ื
02:12
and fuels all of their activity.
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ื•ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ื“ืœืง ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:15
Mother's milk also feeds the microbes
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ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื’ื ืžืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
02:17
that are colonizing the infant's intestinal tract.
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ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
02:20
Mothers aren't just eating for two,
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ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
02:22
they're eating for two to the trillions.
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ื”ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
02:26
Milk provides immunofactors that help fight pathogens
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ื—ืœื‘ ืžืขื ื™ืง ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื
02:30
and mother's milk provides hormones that signal to the infant's body.
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ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืื ืžืขื ื™ืง ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
02:36
But in recent decades,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
02:38
we have come to take milk for granted.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœื‘ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
02:40
We stopped seeing something in plain sight.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื’ืœื•ื™.
02:43
We began to think of milk as standardized, homogenized, pasteurized,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™, ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™,ืžืคื•ืกื˜ืจ,
02:48
packaged, powdered, flavored and formulated.
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ืืจื•ื–,ื›ืชื•ืฉ ืœืื‘ืงื”, ืžืœื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื”.
02:52
We abandoned the milk of human kindness
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื˜ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
02:54
and turned our priorities elsewhere.
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ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
02:58
At the National Institutes of Health
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ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
03:00
in Washington DC
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ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™.ืกื™
03:01
is the National Library of Medicine,
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ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืจืคื•ืื”,
03:04
which contains 25 million articles --
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ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” 25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื
03:07
the brain trust of life science and biomedical research.
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ื”ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™.
03:11
We can use keywords to search that database,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:15
and when we do that,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
03:16
we discover nearly a million articles about pregnancy,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
03:20
but far fewer about breast milk and lactation.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื‘.
03:24
When we zoom in on the number of articles just investigating breast milk,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืื,
03:29
we see that we know much more about coffee, wine and tomatoes.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืงืคื”, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:36
We know over twice as much about erectile dysfunction.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ - ืื•ื ื•ืช.
03:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:44
I'm not saying we shouldn't know about those things --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
03:46
I'm a scientist, I think we should know about everything.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
03:49
But that we know so much less --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืœื›ืš ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:53
about breast milk --
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ืขืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืื
03:54
the first fluid a young mammal is adapted to consume --
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ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื ืง ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืชืื ืœืฆืจื•ืš
03:57
should make us angry.
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ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก ืื•ืชื ื•.
03:59
Globally, nine out of 10 women will have at least one child in her lifetime.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ืชืฉืข ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื“ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ.
04:04
That means that nearly 130 million babies are born each year.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-130 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
04:08
These mothers and babies deserve our best science.
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ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:12
Recent research has shown that milk doesn't just grow the body,
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ,
04:16
it fuels behavior and shapes neurodevelopment.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ืœืง ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
04:20
In 2015, researchers discovered
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ื™ืœื•
04:23
that the mixture of breast milk and baby saliva --
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ืฉืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื•ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง
04:26
specifically, baby saliva --
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง
04:28
causes a chemical reaction that produces hydrogen peroxide
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ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื™ ื—ืžืฆืŸ
04:32
that can kill staph and salmonella.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืกื˜ืคื™ืœื•ืงื•ืงื•ืก ื•ืกืœืžื•ื ืœื”.
04:35
And from humans and other mammal species,
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ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:37
we're starting to understand that the biological recipe of milk
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื‘
04:41
can be different when produced for sons or daughters.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืช.
04:45
When we reach for donor milk in the neonatal intensive care unit,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชืจื•ืžืช ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืœื•ื“,
04:49
or formula on the store shelf,
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ืื• ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ืฃ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช,
04:51
it's nearly one-size-fits-all.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
04:53
We aren't thinking about how sons and daughters may grow at different rates,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉื•ื ื”,
04:58
or different ways,
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ืื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:59
and that milk may be a part of that.
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ื•ืฉื—ืœื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”.
05:02
Mothers have gotten the message
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ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ
05:03
and the vast majority of mothers intend to breastfeed,
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ื•ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื™ืง,
05:07
but many do not reach their breastfeeding goals.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
05:11
That is not their failure;
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ;
05:13
it's ours.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
05:15
Increasingly common medical conditions like obesity, endocrine disorders,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ,ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื ื“ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
05:20
C-section and preterm births
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™ ื•ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช
05:21
all can disrupt the underlying biology of lactation.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืœื‘.
05:25
And many women do not have knowledgeable clinical support.
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ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงื™ืื”.
05:29
Twenty-five years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 25 ืฉื ื™ื,
05:30
the World Health Organization and UNICEF established criteria
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื• UNICEF ื™ืกื“ื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ
05:34
for hospitals to be considered baby friendly --
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ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
05:37
that provide the optimal level of support for mother-infant bonding
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ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืœืคืขื•ื˜
05:41
and infant feeding.
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ื•ืœืชื–ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืขื•ื˜.
05:43
Today, only one in five babies in the United States
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
05:46
is born in a baby-friendly hospital.
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ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
05:51
This is a problem,
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื”,
05:52
because mothers can grapple with many problems
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
05:55
in the minutes, hours, days and weeks of lactation.
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ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ืงื”.
05:59
They can have struggles with establishing latch,
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืชืคืก,
06:01
with pain,
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ืขื ื›ืื‘,
06:03
with milk letdown
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ืขื ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘
06:04
and perceptions of milk supply.
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ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืœื‘.
06:06
These mothers deserve knowledgeable clinical staff
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ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืงื™ื
06:11
that understand these processes.
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:14
Mothers will call me as they're grappling with these struggles,
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ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ื™ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืืœื•,
06:18
crying with wobbly voices.
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ื‘ื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืจื•ืขื“ื™ื.
06:23
"It's not working.
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"ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
06:25
This is what I'm supposed to naturally be able to do.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื™ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
06:27
Why is it not working?"
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“?"
06:30
And just because something is evolutionarily ancient
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืขืชื™ืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช
06:33
doesn't mean that it's easy or that we're instantly good at it.
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ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืงืœ ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•.
06:37
You know what else is evolutionarily ancient?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืชื™ืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช?
06:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:44
Sex.
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ืกืงืก.
06:45
And nobody expects us to start out being good at it.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฆืคื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
06:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:51
Clinicians best deliver quality equitable care
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ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:55
when they have continuing education
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืžืฉืš
06:57
about how to best support lactation and breastfeeding.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืงื”.
07:01
And in order to have that continuing education,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื”ื–ื”,
07:03
we need to anchor it to cutting-edge research
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืขื“ื›ื ื™
07:06
in both the life sciences and the social sciences,
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ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
07:09
because we need to recognize
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืืช
07:11
that too often
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื“ื™ืจ
07:13
historical traumas and implicit biases
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ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื–ื•ืช
07:16
sit in the space between a new mother and her clinician.
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื ืื™ ืฉืœื”.
07:21
The body is political.
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
07:24
If our breastfeeding support is not intersectional,
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ืื ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื ืงื” ืœื ืžืฆื˜ืœื‘ืช,
07:28
it's not good enough.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง.
07:30
And for moms who have to return for work,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
07:33
because countries like the United States do not provide paid parental leave,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื,
07:38
they can have to go back in as short as just a few days after giving birth.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
07:44
How do we optimize mother and infant health
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืืžื ื•ืœืคืขื•ื˜
07:47
just by messaging about breast milk to moms
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืงื”
07:50
without providing the institutional support
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช
07:53
that facilitates that mother-infant bonding
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ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง
07:56
to support breastfeeding?
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ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื ืงื”?
07:58
The answer is: we can't.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื.
08:02
I'm talking to you, legislators,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื›ื, ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื,
08:05
and the voters who elect them.
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ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื”ื.
08:07
I'm talking to you, job creators and collective bargaining units,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื›ื, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื™ื,
08:11
and workers, and shareholders.
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช.
08:15
We all have a stake in the public health of our community,
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
08:19
and we all have a role to play in achieving it.
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ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
08:23
Breast milk is a part of improving human health.
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ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
08:26
In the NICU, when infants are born early or sick or injured,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืœื•ื“, ื›ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื,
08:30
milk or bioactive constituents in milk can be critically important.
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ื—ืœื‘ ืื• ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™.
ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
08:35
Environments or ecologies,
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08:36
or communities where there's high risk of infectious disease,
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ืื• ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช,
08:39
breast milk can be incredibly protective.
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ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื’ื ื”.
08:42
Where there are emergencies like storms and earthquakes,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”,
08:45
when the electricity goes out,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ื•ืคืœ,
08:47
when safe water is not available,
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ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”,
08:49
breast milk can keep babies fed and hydrated.
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ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื.
08:54
And in the context of humanitarian crises,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื,
08:56
like Syrian mothers fleeing war zones,
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ื›ืžื• ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืกื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื—ื•ืช ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”,
09:00
the smallest drops can buffer babies from the biggest global challenges.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:07
But understanding breast milk is not just about messaging to mothers
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช
09:12
and policy makers.
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ื•ืœืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
09:13
It's also about understanding what is important in breast milk
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืื
09:17
so that we can deliver better formulas
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:19
to moms who cannot or do not breastfeed for whatever reason.
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ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ืœื ืžื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื.
09:24
We can all do a better job
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:26
of supporting the diversity of moms raising their babies
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ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ
09:29
in a diversity of ways.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:32
As women around the world struggle
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ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
09:34
to achieve political, social and economic equality,
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™,
09:38
we must reimagine motherhood
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช
09:40
as not the central, core aspect of womanhood,
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ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื•ืช,
09:45
but one of the many potential facets of what makes women awesome.
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ืืœื ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
09:50
It's time.
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
09:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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