Christien Meindertsma: How pig parts make the world turn

181,301 views ใƒป 2010-09-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Sheinkman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
Hello. I would like to start my talk
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ืฉืœื•ื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”
00:18
with actually two questions, and the first one is:
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื:
00:20
How many people here actually eat pig meat?
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื” ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื–ื™ืจ?
00:23
Please raise your hand --
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ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
00:25
oh, that's a lot.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
00:27
And how many people have actually seen
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืจืื•
00:29
a live pig producing this meat?
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ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื—ื™, ืฉืžืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”?
00:31
In the last year?
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”?
00:34
In the Netherlands -- where I come from --
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ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืื”,
00:36
you actually never see a pig, which is really strange,
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ืืชื ืœื ืชืจืื• ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
00:39
because, on a population of 16 million people,
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ื›ื™, ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ 16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ,
00:41
we have 12 million pigs.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 12 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื.
00:44
And well, of course, the Dutch can't eat all these pigs.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:46
They eat about one-third, and the rest is exported
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ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉ, ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ื
00:49
to all kinds of countries in Europe and the rest of the world.
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:52
A lot goes to the U.K., Germany.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
00:54
And what I was curious about --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™ -
00:56
because historically, the whole pig would be used up until the last bit
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื ื•ืฆืœ ืขื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
00:59
so nothing would be wasted --
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ื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื–ื‘ื–...
01:01
and I was curious to find out
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ื•ืกื™ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช
01:03
if this was actually still the case.
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ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
01:05
And I spent about three years researching.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ.
01:07
And I followed this one pig
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ื•ืขืงื‘ืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื—ื“
01:09
with number "05049,"
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ืžืกืคืจ 05049
01:11
all the way up until the end
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš, ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ,
01:13
and to what products it's made of.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
01:15
And in these years, I met all kinds people
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:17
like, for instance, farmers and butchers, which seems logical.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ื•ืงืฆื‘ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
01:20
But I also met aluminum mold makers,
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ ืืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื,
01:23
ammunition producers
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ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช
01:25
and all kinds of people.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:27
And what was striking to me
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™,
01:29
is that the farmers actually had no clue
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ื–ื” ืฉืœื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉื’
01:31
what was made of their pigs,
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ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
01:33
but the consumers -- as in us --
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• -
01:36
had also no idea
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉื’
01:38
of the pigs being in all these products.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:40
So what I did is,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™,
01:42
I took all this research
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”,
01:44
and I made it into a -- well, basically it's a product catalog of this one pig,
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ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™,
01:47
and it carries a duplicate of his ear tag
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืชื’ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ื™ืจ
01:50
on the back.
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ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช.
01:52
And it consists of seven chapters --
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืคืจืงื™ื.
01:55
the chapters are skin, bones, meat, internal organs,
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ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ืขื•ืจ, ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
01:57
blood, fat and miscellaneous.
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ื“ื, ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:02
In total,
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ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ,
02:04
they weigh 103.7 kilograms.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื 103.7 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื.
02:06
And to show you how often you actually
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืืชื
02:09
meet part of this pig in a regular day,
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ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ,
02:11
I want to show you some images of the book.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืกืคืจ.
02:15
You probably start the day with a shower.
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ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื ืžืงืœื—ืช.
02:17
So, in soap, fatty acids
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ืื–, ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ
02:19
made from boiling pork bone fat
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืžืŸ-ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจืชื— ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ
02:21
are used as a hardening agent,
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ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฉื”,
02:23
but also for giving it a pearl-like effect.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื• ืžืจืื” ื“ืžื•ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื”.
02:26
Then if you look around you in the bathroom,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”,
02:28
you see lots more products
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
02:30
like shampoo, conditioner,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคื•, ืžืจื›ืš ืฉื™ืขืจ,
02:32
anti-wrinkle cream, body lotion,
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ืงืจื ื ื’ื“ ืงืžื˜ื™ื, ืฉืžืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ,
02:35
but also toothpaste.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืฉื—ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
02:37
Then, so, before breakfast,
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ืื–, ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
02:39
you've already met the pig so many times.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื’ืฉืชื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืคืขืžื™ื.
02:42
Then, at breakfast, the pig that I followed,
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
02:44
the hairs off the pig or proteins from the hairs off the pig
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ื”ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
02:47
were used as an improver of dough.
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ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืฆืง.
02:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:52
Well, that's what the producer says: it's "improving the dough,
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืื•ืžืจ: ื–ื” "ืžืฉืคืจ".
02:54
of course."
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
02:57
In low-fat butter, or actually in many low-fat products,
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ื‘ื—ืžืื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ,
02:59
when you take the fat out, you actually take the taste and the texture out.
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ื›ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืžืจืงื.
03:02
So what they do is they put gelatin back in,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื, ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ
03:05
in order to retain the texture.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจืงื.
03:09
Well, when you're off to work, under the road or under the buildings that you see,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
03:12
there might very well be cellular concrete,
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืชืื™.
03:14
which is a very light kind of concrete
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ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
03:16
that's actually got proteins from bones inside
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช,
03:19
and it's also fully reusable.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื.
03:22
In the train brakes -- at least in the German train brakes --
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ื‘ื‘ืœืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื•ืช,
03:24
there's this part of the brake
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ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืœื
03:26
that's made of bone ash.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืืคืจ ืขืฆืžื•ืช.
03:28
And in cheesecake and all kinds of desserts,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื,
03:31
like chocolate mousse, tiramisu, vanilla pudding,
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ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืก ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื˜ื™ืจืžื™ืกื•, ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื ื™ืœ,
03:33
everything that's cooled in the supermarket,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืงื•ืจืจ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช,
03:35
there's gelatin to make it look good.
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ื™ืฉ ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:38
Fine bone china -- this is a real classic.
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ื—ืจืกื™ื ื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืคืจ ืขืฆืžื•ืช - ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงืœืืกื™.
03:40
Of course, the bone in fine-bone china
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจืกื™ื ืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช
03:42
gives it its translucency
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ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”
03:44
and also its strength,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”,
03:46
in order to make these really fine shapes,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:48
like this deer.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
03:51
In interior decorating, the pig's actually quite there.
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ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื.
03:54
It's used in paint for the texture,
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืจืงื,
03:57
but also for the glossiness.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจืง.
03:59
In sandpaper, bone glue
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฃ, ื“ื‘ืง ืขืฆืžื•ืช
04:01
is actually the glue between the sand and the paper.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ.
04:05
And then in paintbrushes,
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ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข,
04:07
hairs are used because, apparently, they're very suitable for making paintbrushes
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื™, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจืฉื•ืช
04:10
because of their hard-wearing nature.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:13
I was not planning on showing you any meat
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ืœื ืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ืฉืจ,
04:15
because, of course, half the book's meat
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ื›ื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืจ,
04:17
and you probably all know what meats they are.
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ื•ืืชื ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืืœื”.
04:19
But I didn't want you to miss out on this one,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉืชืคืกืคืกื• ืืช ื–ื”,
04:21
because this, well, it's called "portion-controlled meat cuts."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืชื—ื™ื".
04:24
And this is actually sold
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžื›ืจ
04:26
in the frozen area of the supermarket.
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ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืคื•ืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜.
04:28
And what it is -- it's actually steak.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื”... ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง.
04:30
So, this is sold as cow,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ,
04:32
but what happens when you slaughter a cow --
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ืคืจื” -
04:34
at least in industrial factory farming --
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช -
04:37
they have all these little bits of steak left
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง ืฉื ืฉืืจื•ืช
04:39
that they can't actually sell as steak,
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ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง,
04:41
so what they do is they glue them all together
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื, ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
04:44
with fibrin from pig blood
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคื™ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืžื“ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
04:46
into this really large sausage,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
04:48
then freeze the sausage, cut it in little slices
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ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืงืคื™ืื™ื, ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช,
04:51
and sell those as steak again.
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ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง.
04:54
And this also actually happens with tuna and scallops.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื’ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื ื” ื•ืฆื“ืคื•ืช.
05:00
So, with the steak, you might drink a beer.
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ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื”.
05:02
In the brewing process, there's lots of cloudy elements in the beer,
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืขื›ื•ืจื™ื,
05:05
so to get rid of these cloudy elements,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคืชืจ ืžืื•ืชื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื,
05:07
what some companies do
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ืžื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช,
05:09
is they pour the beer through a sort of gelatin sieve
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื“ืจืš ืžืกื ืŸ ืžื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ,
05:11
in order to get rid of that cloudiness.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืื•ืชื” ืขื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
05:14
This actually also goes for wine as well as fruit juice.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืฅ ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
05:19
There's actually a company in Greece
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
05:21
that produces these cigarettes
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ืฉืžืคื™ืงื” ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
05:23
that actually contain hemoglobin from pigs in the filter.
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
05:26
And according to them,
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ื•ืœื˜ืขื ืชื
05:28
this creates an artificial lung in the filter.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืจื™ืื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืœื˜ืจ,
05:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:32
So, this is actually a healthier cigarette.
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ืื– ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:37
Injectable collagen -- or, since the '70s, collagen from pigs --
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ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ืœื”ื–ืจืงื” - ืื•, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื -
05:40
has been used for injecting into wrinkles.
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ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื–ืจืงื” ืœืชื•ืš ืงืžื˜ื™ื.
05:42
And the reason for this is that pigs are actually quite close to human beings,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
05:45
so the collagen is as well.
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ืื– ื”ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื•ืžื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื.
05:49
Well, this must be the strangest thing I found.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™.
05:52
This is a bullet coming from
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ื–ื” ืงืœื™ืข ืฉืžื’ื™ืข
05:54
a very large ammunition company in the United States.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
05:57
And while I was making the book,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”,
05:59
I contacted all the producers of products
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื,
06:01
because I wanted them to send me the real samples
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ื›ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช
06:03
and the real specimens.
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ื•ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
06:06
So I sent this company an email
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ืื– ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ,
06:08
saying, "Hello. I'm Christien. I'm doing this research.
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ "ืฉืœื•ื, ืื ื™ ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื—ืงืจ.
06:10
And can you send me a bullet?"
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื™ ืงืœื™ืข?"
06:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:14
And well, I didn't expect them to even answer my email.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืžื”ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
06:16
But they answered
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื ื•,
06:18
and they said, "Why, thank you for your email. What an interesting story.
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ. ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:21
Are you in anyway related to the Dutch government?"
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ื”ืื ืืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช?"
06:24
I thought that was really weird,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
06:26
as if the Dutch government sends emails to anyone.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
06:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:33
So, the most beautiful thing I found --
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ืื–, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™,
06:36
at least what I think is the most beautiful -- in the book, is this heart valve.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื–ื” ืฉืกืชื•ื ืœื‘.
06:39
It's actually a very low-tech
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜
06:41
and very high-tech product at the same time.
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ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
06:43
The low-tech bit is that it's literally a pig's heart valve
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉืกืชื•ื ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ
06:46
mounted in the high-tech bit,
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืชืงื“ื,
06:48
which is a memory metal casing.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืฉืœ ืกื’ืกื•ื’ืช ื–ื•ื›ืจืช-ืฆื•ืจื”.
06:50
And what happens is this can be implanted into a human heart
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ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื,
06:53
without open heart surgery.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื—,
06:55
And once it's in the right spot,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
06:57
they remove the outer shell,
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ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช,
06:59
and the heart valve, well, it gets this shape
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ื•ืฉืกืชื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช,
07:01
and at that moment it starts beating, instantly.
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืขื•ื, ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
07:04
It's really a sort of magical moment.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื’ืข ืงืกื•ื.
07:07
So this is actually a Dutch company,
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ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช,
07:09
so I called them up, and I asked,
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ืื– ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™,
07:11
"Can I borrow a heart valve from you?"
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"ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื›ื ืฉืกืชื•ื ืœื‘?"
07:14
And the makers of this thing were really enthusiastic.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืจื ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื.
07:16
So they were like, "Okay, we'll put it in a jar for you with formalin,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ืขื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš,
07:19
and you can borrow it."
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ื•ืืช ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื–ื”."
07:21
Great -- and then I didn't hear from them for weeks,
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ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื”ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
07:24
so I called,
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ืื– ื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™,
07:26
and I asked, "What's going on with the heart valve?"
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ "ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืฉืกืชื•ื ื”ืœื‘?"
07:28
And they said, "Well the director of the company
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
07:31
decided not to let you borrow this heart valve,
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ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืกืชื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
07:33
because want his product
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื•
07:35
to be associated with pigs."
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ื™ืงื•ืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื."
07:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:41
Well, the last product from the book that I'm showing you is renewable energy --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช -
07:44
actually, to show that my first question,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™,
07:46
if pigs are still used up until the last bit, was still true.
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
07:49
Well it is, because everything that can't be used for anything else
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ,
07:52
is made into a fuel
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ืœืง
07:54
that can be used as renewable energy source.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ.
07:58
In total, I found 185 products.
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ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืžืฆืืชื™ 185 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
08:01
And what they showed me
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื™,
08:03
is that, well, firstly,
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ื–ื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
08:05
it's at least to say odd
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื”,
08:07
that we don't treat these pigs
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
08:09
as absolute kings and queens.
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ื›ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื.
08:12
And the second, is that we actually don't have a clue
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™, ื–ื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’
08:15
of what all these products that surround us are made of.
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ืžืžื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื.
08:18
And you might think I'm very fond of pigs,
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ื•ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื,
08:21
but actually -- well, I am a little bit --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” - ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช -
08:23
but I'm more fond
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช
08:25
of raw materials in general.
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.
08:27
And I think that, in order to take better care
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:30
of what's behind our products --
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• -
08:32
so, the livestock, the crops, the plants,
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื,
08:35
the non-renewable materials,
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืœื-ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
08:37
but also the people that produce these products --
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” -
08:40
the first step would actually be to know that they are there.
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื ืฉื.
08:43
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
08:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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