Christien Meindertsma: How pig parts make the world turn

Prevoditelj: Hrvoje Vinter Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Hello. I would like to start my talk

Pozdrav. Započela bih svoj govor

with actually two questions, and the first one is:

sa dva pitanja, a prvo je:

How many people here actually eat pig meat?

Koliko ljudi ovdje jede svinjsko meso?

Please raise your hand --

Molim Vas podignite ruku.

oh, that's a lot.

O, to je mnogo.

And how many people have actually seen

A koliko vas je zaista vidjelo

a live pig producing this meat?

živu svinju od koje se napravi meso?

In the last year?

Prošle godine?

In the Netherlands -- where I come from --

U Nizozemskoj, odakle dolazim,

you actually never see a pig, which is really strange,

vi zapravo nikada ne vidite svinju, što je stvarno čudno

because, on a population of 16 million people,

zato što , na populaciju od 16 milijuna ljudi,

we have 12 million pigs.

imamo 12 milijuna svinja.

And well, of course, the Dutch can't eat all these pigs.

Naravno, Nizozemci ne pojedu sve te svinje.

They eat about one-third, and the rest is exported

Oni pojedu oko trećine, a ostalo izvezu

to all kinds of countries in Europe and the rest of the world.

ostalim zemljama Europe i ostatka svijeta.

A lot goes to the U.K., Germany.

Mnogo odlazi u Veliku Britaniju i Njemačku.

And what I was curious about --

Mene je zainteresiralo -

because historically, the whole pig would be used up until the last bit

jer kroz povijest, cijela svinja bi bila iskorištena do posljednjeg zalogaja

so nothing would be wasted --

i ništa se ne bi bacalo...

and I was curious to find out

i željela sam otkriti

if this was actually still the case.

da li je to još uvijek tako.

And I spent about three years researching.

Provela sam oko tri godine istraživajući.

And I followed this one pig

Pratila sam tu jednu svinju

with number "05049,"

broj "05049"

all the way up until the end

sve do samog kraja

and to what products it's made of.

i do proizvoda koji su od nje napravljeni.

And in these years, I met all kinds people

Tijekom tih godina upoznala sam različite ljude,

like, for instance, farmers and butchers, which seems logical.

poput farmera, mesara, što se čini logično.

But I also met aluminum mold makers,

Ali sam upoznala i proizvođače kalupa od aluminija,

ammunition producers

proizvođače streljiva

and all kinds of people.

različite ljude.

And what was striking to me

Ono što me je iznenadilo je

is that the farmers actually had no clue

to da farmeri nemaju pojma

what was made of their pigs,

što se napravi od njihovih svinja,

but the consumers -- as in us --

ali potrošači - to smo mi -

had also no idea

također ne znaju

of the pigs being in all these products.

da će svinje biti u svim tim proizvodima.

So what I did is,

Dakle, ja sam

I took all this research

uzela to istraživanje

and I made it into a -- well, basically it's a product catalog of this one pig,

i pretvorila ga - zapravo to je katalog proizvoda od te svinje -

and it carries a duplicate of his ear tag

na kojemu se nalazi kopija njene oznake za uho

on the back.

na poleđini.

And it consists of seven chapters --

Sastoji se od sedam poglavlja.

the chapters are skin, bones, meat, internal organs,

A to su Koža, Kosti, Meso, Unutarnji organi,

blood, fat and miscellaneous.

Krv, Mast i Razno.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

In total,

Ukupno

they weigh 103.7 kilograms.

tu ima 103,7 kilograma.

And to show you how often you actually

I da bih vam pokazala koliko se često

meet part of this pig in a regular day,

svakodnevno susrećete sa dijelom ove svinje,

I want to show you some images of the book.

želim vam pokazati neke slike iz knjige.

You probably start the day with a shower.

Vjerojatno svaki dan započinjete tuširanjem.

So, in soap, fatty acids

Dakle, u sapunu, masne kiseline

made from boiling pork bone fat

dobivene iz prokuhanih svinjskih kostiju,

are used as a hardening agent,

koriste se kao učvrščivać

but also for giving it a pearl-like effect.

ali i kao sredstvo za dobivanje bisernog sjaja.

Then if you look around you in the bathroom,

Zatim ukoliko pogledate po kupaonici

you see lots more products

vidite još mnogo proizvoda

like shampoo, conditioner,

poput šampona, regeneratora,

anti-wrinkle cream, body lotion,

kreme protiv bora, losiona za tijelo,

but also toothpaste.

ali i zubne paste.

Then, so, before breakfast,

Znači, prije doručka

you've already met the pig so many times.

susreli ste se sa svinjom nekoliko puta.

Then, at breakfast, the pig that I followed,

Zatim, za doručkom, svinja koju sam pratila

the hairs off the pig or proteins from the hairs off the pig

svinjske dlake ili proteini svinjske dlake

were used as an improver of dough.

su korišteni kao poboljšivači tijesta.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Well, that's what the producer says: it's "improving the dough,

Da, tako proizvođač kaže: to "poboljšava".

of course."

Znate, naravno.

In low-fat butter, or actually in many low-fat products,

U proizvodima s manje masnoće

when you take the fat out, you actually take the taste and the texture out.

kada maknete masnoću, zapravo odstranjujete okus i teksturu.

So what they do is they put gelatin back in,

Pa što onda oni naprave, stave želatinu natrag

in order to retain the texture.

kako bi zadržali teksturu.

Well, when you're off to work, under the road or under the buildings that you see,

Pa, kad krenete na posao, ispod ceste ili zgrada koje vidite

there might very well be cellular concrete,

zasigurno se nalazi šupljikavi beton,

which is a very light kind of concrete

koji je vrlo lagana vrsta betona

that's actually got proteins from bones inside

koji zapravo sadrži koštane proteine u sebi,

and it's also fully reusable.

i ujedno se može višekratno koristiti.

In the train brakes -- at least in the German train brakes --

U kočnicama, barem u kočnicama njemačkih vlakova,

there's this part of the brake

postoji dio kočnice

that's made of bone ash.

koji je napravljen od koštanog pepela.

And in cheesecake and all kinds of desserts,

I u kolaču od sira, te različitim slasticama

like chocolate mousse, tiramisu, vanilla pudding,

kao što je mousse od čokolade, tiramisu i puding od vanilije,

everything that's cooled in the supermarket,

te sve što se hladi u supermarketu,

there's gelatin to make it look good.

nalazi se želatina kako bi što bolje izgledalo.

Fine bone china -- this is a real classic.

Porculanski predmeti -- ovo je klasik.

Of course, the bone in fine-bone china

Naravno, kost porculanu

gives it its translucency

daje translucenciju

and also its strength,

ali i čvrstoću,

in order to make these really fine shapes,

kako bi napravili fine oblike

like this deer.

poput ovog jelena.

In interior decorating, the pig's actually quite there.

Svinja je prisutna i u uređenju interijera.

It's used in paint for the texture,

Koristi se u bojama, za teksturu

but also for the glossiness.

ali i za sjaj.

In sandpaper, bone glue

U brusnom papiru, koštano ljepilo

is actually the glue between the sand and the paper.

predstavlja ljepilo između pijeska i papira.

And then in paintbrushes,

Zatim, u četkama za bojanje

hairs are used because, apparently, they're very suitable for making paintbrushes

dlake se koriste jer su pogodne za izradu četkica

because of their hard-wearing nature.

zbog svoje izdržljivosti.

I was not planning on showing you any meat

Nisam planirala pokazati vam ikakvo meso,

because, of course, half the book's meat

zato što je pola knjige meso

and you probably all know what meats they are.

a vi zasigurno znate koje vrste mesa ima svinja.

But I didn't want you to miss out on this one,

Ali nisam željela da propustite ovo,

because this, well, it's called "portion-controlled meat cuts."

jer ovo se zove "komad mesnog odreska".

And this is actually sold

Ovo se prodaje

in the frozen area of the supermarket.

u hladnjacima u superkarketima.

And what it is -- it's actually steak.

A što je to...to je zaravo odrezak.

So, this is sold as cow,

Dakle, to je krava,

but what happens when you slaughter a cow --

ali što se dogodi kada zakoljete kravu --

at least in industrial factory farming --

u konačnici tijekom industrijske proizvodnje --

they have all these little bits of steak left

ostane mnogo malih komada mesa

that they can't actually sell as steak,

koje oni ne mogu prodati kao odrezak,

so what they do is they glue them all together

tako da ih oni zalijepe međusobno

with fibrin from pig blood

pomoču fibrina iz svinjske krvi

into this really large sausage,

u ovu stvarno veliku kobasicu,

then freeze the sausage, cut it in little slices

tada je zamrznu, izrežu na male ploške

and sell those as steak again.

i prodaju kao odrezak.

And this also actually happens with tuna and scallops.

Ovo se također događa sa tunom i jakobovim kapicama.

So, with the steak, you might drink a beer.

Dakle, uz odrezak možete popiti pivo.

In the brewing process, there's lots of cloudy elements in the beer,

U procesu vrenja piva, nastane mnogo zamučenja,

so to get rid of these cloudy elements,

pa kako bi uklonili ta zamučenja

what some companies do

ono što neki proizvođači rade

is they pour the beer through a sort of gelatin sieve

je da propuštaju pivo kroz želatnska sita

in order to get rid of that cloudiness.

s ciljem da uklone zamučenja.

This actually also goes for wine as well as fruit juice.

Ovo zapravo također vrijedi i za vino, kao i voćni sok.

There's actually a company in Greece

Postoji tvrtka u Grčkoj

that produces these cigarettes

koja proizvodi ove cigarete

that actually contain hemoglobin from pigs in the filter.

koje sadrže svinjski hemoglobin u filteru.

And according to them,

I prema njima

this creates an artificial lung in the filter.

on čini umjetna pluća u filteru.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So, this is actually a healthier cigarette.

Dakle, to su zapravo zdravije cigarete.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Injectable collagen -- or, since the '70s, collagen from pigs --

Ubrizgavanje kolagena -- od 70-tih godina, svinjskog kolagena --

has been used for injecting into wrinkles.

se koristi za smanjenje bora.

And the reason for this is that pigs are actually quite close to human beings,

A razlog je taj što su svinje zapravo vrlo bliske čovjeku,

so the collagen is as well.

pa tako i u kolagenu.

Well, this must be the strangest thing I found.

Ovo je bila najčudnija stvar koju sam pronašla.

This is a bullet coming from

Ovaj metak dolazi iz

a very large ammunition company in the United States.

vrlo velike tvornice streljiva u Sjedinjenim Državama.

And while I was making the book,

I dok sam stvarala knjigu,

I contacted all the producers of products

kontaktirala sam sve proizvođače proizvoda,

because I wanted them to send me the real samples

jer sam htjela da mi pošalju realne uzorke

and the real specimens.

i prave primjerke.

So I sent this company an email

Stoga sam poslala toj kompaniji e-mail

saying, "Hello. I'm Christien. I'm doing this research.

"Pozdrav. Ja sam Christien. Radim ovo istraživanje.

And can you send me a bullet?"

Možete li mi poslati metak?"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And well, I didn't expect them to even answer my email.

A dobro, nisam očekivala od njih da odgovore na moj e-mail.

But they answered

Ali su odgovorili,

and they said, "Why, thank you for your email. What an interesting story.

i rekli su, "Zašto, hvala vam za vaš e-mail. Koja zanimljiva priča.

Are you in anyway related to the Dutch government?"

Jeste li u ikakvoj u vezi s Nizozemskom vladom?"

I thought that was really weird,

Mislila sam da je to stvarno čudno,

as if the Dutch government sends emails to anyone.

kao da Nizozemska vlada šalje e-mailove svima.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So, the most beautiful thing I found --

Dakle, nešto najljepše što sam pronašla

at least what I think is the most beautiful -- in the book, is this heart valve.

barem ono što mislim da je najljepše u knjizi, jest srčani zalistak.

It's actually a very low-tech

To je zapravo vrlo jednostavan

and very high-tech product at the same time.

i vrlo tehnološki sofisticiran proizvod u isto vrijeme.

The low-tech bit is that it's literally a pig's heart valve

Jednostavnost je u tome da je to doslovno svinjski zalistak

mounted in the high-tech bit,

ugrađen u tehnološki oblikovano

which is a memory metal casing.

metalno kučište.

And what happens is this can be implanted into a human heart

A može biti implantiran u ljudsko srce

without open heart surgery.

bez operacija na otvorenom srcu,

And once it's in the right spot,

i nakon što je postavljeno na pravo mjesto,

they remove the outer shell,

ukloni se vanjska ljuska,

and the heart valve, well, it gets this shape

i srčani zalistak dobije ovaj oblik,

and at that moment it starts beating, instantly.

te u tom trenutku počne funkcionirati.

It's really a sort of magical moment.

To je stvarno čaroban trenutak.

So this is actually a Dutch company,

Dakle, ovo je zapravo nizozemska tvrtka.

so I called them up, and I asked,

Tako sam ih nazvala , i pitala sam,

"Can I borrow a heart valve from you?"

"Mogu li posuditi srčani zalistak?"

And the makers of this thing were really enthusiastic.

Proizvođači su bili stvarno oduševljeni.

So they were like, "Okay, we'll put it in a jar for you with formalin,

"Dobro, mi ćemo ga za vas staviti u posudu s formalinom,

and you can borrow it."

i možete ga posuditi."

Great -- and then I didn't hear from them for weeks,

Odlično. I onda ih nisam čula tjednima,

so I called,

pa sam nazvala,

and I asked, "What's going on with the heart valve?"

i pitala: "Što se događa sa srčanim zaliskom?"

And they said, "Well the director of the company

A oni rekoše: "Pa direktor tvrtke je

decided not to let you borrow this heart valve,

odlučio ne posuditi srčani zalistak,

because want his product

jer je želio da njegov proizvod

to be associated with pigs."

bude povezan sa svinjama. "

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Well, the last product from the book that I'm showing you is renewable energy --

Dakle, zadnji proizvod iz knjige koji vam pokazujem je obnovljiv izvor energije --

actually, to show that my first question,

zapravo, dokaz da je moje prvo pitanje,

if pigs are still used up until the last bit, was still true.

da li je svinja iskorištena do posljednjeg dijela, potpuna istina.

Well it is, because everything that can't be used for anything else

Jer sve što se ne može iskoristiti za bilo što drugo

is made into a fuel

se pretvori u gorivo,

that can be used as renewable energy source.

koje se može koristiti kao obnovljivi izvor energije.

In total, I found 185 products.

Ukupno, pronašla sam 185 proizvoda.

And what they showed me

A ono što su mi pokazali

is that, well, firstly,

je da, dobro, prvo,

it's at least to say odd

potrebno je barem reći

that we don't treat these pigs

da ne tretiramo ove svinje

as absolute kings and queens.

kao apsolutne kraljeve i kraljice.

And the second, is that we actually don't have a clue

I drugo, da mi zapravo nemamo pojma

of what all these products that surround us are made of.

od čega su svi ti proizvodi koji nas okružuju izrađeni.

And you might think I'm very fond of pigs,

A možda mislite da sam jako zaljubljena u svinje,

but actually -- well, I am a little bit --

ali zapravo -- dobro, jesam malo --

but I'm more fond

ali ja sam više sklona

of raw materials in general.

sirovini u cjelini.

And I think that, in order to take better care

I mislim da, kako bi se trebali bolje brinuti

of what's behind our products --

o onome što se nalazi u pozadini proizvoda --

so, the livestock, the crops, the plants,

dakle, stoki, usjevima, biljkama,

the non-renewable materials,

neobnovljivim materijalima,

but also the people that produce these products --

ali i ljudima koji proizvode te proizvode --

the first step would actually be to know that they are there.

prvi korak je zapravo znati da oni postoje i da su prisutni.

Thank you very much.

Puno hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)