How the NSA betrayed the world's trust -- time to act | Mikko Hypponen

408,919 views ใƒป 2013-11-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
The two most likely largest inventions
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื ืจืื”,
00:17
of our generation
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ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•,
00:19
are the Internet and the mobile phone.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“.
00:22
They've changed the world.
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:24
However, largely to our surprise,
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ืื•ืœื ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื ื•, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžื“ื™,
00:28
they also turned out to be the perfect tools
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ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื
00:32
for the surveillance state.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘.
00:35
It turned out that the capability
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
00:38
to collect data, information and connections
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ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื
00:42
about basically any of us and all of us
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•
00:46
is exactly what we've been hearing
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžืขื ื•
00:48
throughout of the summer through revelations and leaks
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื“ืจืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช
00:53
about Western intelligence agencies,
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
00:56
mostly U.S. intelligence agencies,
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
00:59
watching over the rest of the world.
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ืฉืžืคืงื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:02
We've heard about these starting with the
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ
01:05
revelations from June 6.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘-6 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™.
01:09
Edward Snowden started leaking information,
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ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข,
01:12
top secret classified information,
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ "ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ",
01:14
from the U.S. intelligence agencies,
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ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
01:16
and we started learning about things like PRISM
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "ืคืจื™ื–ืžื”"
01:18
and XKeyscore and others.
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ื•"ืืงืก-ืงื™-ืกืงื•ืจ" ื•ืขื•ื“.
01:22
And these are examples of the kinds of programs
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช
01:25
U.S. intelligence agencies are running right now,
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ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ื›ืขืช,
01:29
against the whole rest of the world.
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ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:32
And if you look back about the forecasts
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ื•ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช
01:36
on surveillance by George Orwell,
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ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื•ืจื•ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืขืงื‘,
01:40
well it turns out that
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ,
01:42
George Orwell was an optimist.
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ืฉื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื•ืจื•ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜.
01:45
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:47
We are right now seeing a much larger scale
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ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
01:50
of tracking of individual citizens
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ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
01:52
than he could have ever imagined.
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ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™-ืคืขื ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื•.
01:56
And this here is the infamous
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืฉืžืฆื”
01:59
NSA data center in Utah.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื”.
02:03
Due to be opened very soon,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื“,
02:06
it will be both a supercomputing center
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืจื›ื– ืœืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘-ืขืœ
02:09
and a data storage center.
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ื•ื’ื ืžืจื›ื– ืœืื™ื—ืกื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
02:11
You could basically imagine it has a large hall
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื•ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœ
02:14
filled with hard drives storing data
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ืžืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
02:16
they are collecting.
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ืฉื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื.
02:19
And it's a pretty big building.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื“ื™.
02:21
How big? Well, I can give you the numbers --
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ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื:
02:23
140,000 square meters --
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140,000 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื --
02:25
but that doesn't really tell you very much.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื”.
02:27
Maybe it's better to imagine it as a comparison.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
02:31
You think about the largest IKEA store
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ืช "ืื™ืงืื”" ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:33
you've ever been in.
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ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื”.
02:35
This is five times larger.
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ื–ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ ื—ืžืฉ.
02:38
How many hard drives can you fit in an IKEA store?
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ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื—ื ื•ืช "ืื™ืงืื”"?
02:41
Right? It's pretty big.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:43
We estimate that just the electricity bill
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ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื ื•, ืจืง ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ
02:46
for running this data center
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ืฉืœ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
02:48
is going to be in the tens of millions of dollars a year.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
02:51
And this kind of wholesale surveillance
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื•ืœืœ
02:54
means that they can collect our data
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ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:57
and keep it basically forever,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื ืฆื—,
02:59
keep it for extended periods of time,
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ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช,
03:01
keep it for years, keep it for decades.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
03:04
And this opens up completely new kinds of risks
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ื•ื–ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืคืชื— ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™
03:08
to us all.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
03:10
And what this is is that it is wholesale
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื•ืœืœ
03:13
blanket surveillance on everyone.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช.
03:18
Well, not exactly everyone,
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืœื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื,
03:20
because the U.S. intelligence only has a legal right
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ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง
03:24
to monitor foreigners.
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ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืจื™ื.
03:26
They can monitor foreigners
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืจื™ื
03:28
when foreigners' data connections
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ื›ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ ืงืฉืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจื™ื
03:30
end up in the United States or pass through the United States.
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ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืืจื”"ื‘.
03:34
And monitoring foreigners doesn't sound too bad
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ื•ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ื›ืœ-ื›ืš,
03:37
until you realize
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ืขื“ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
03:39
that I'm a foreigner and you're a foreigner.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื–ืจ, ื•ืืชื ื–ืจื™ื.
03:42
In fact, 96 percent of the planet are foreigners.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, 96% ืžื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ื ื–ืจื™ื.
03:46
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:47
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:49
So it is wholesale blanket surveillance of all of us,
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื›ืŸ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•,
03:54
all of us who use telecommunications and the Internet.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
03:58
But don't get me wrong:
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ:
04:00
There are actually types of surveillance that are okay.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
04:05
I love freedom, but even I agree
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื
04:08
that some surveillance is fine.
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ืฉืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
04:10
If the law enforcement is trying to find a murderer,
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ืื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจื•ืฆื—,
04:14
or they're trying to catch a drug lord
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ืื• ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืื™ืœ-ืกืžื™ื
04:17
or trying to prevent a school shooting,
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ืื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ,
04:21
and they have leads and they have suspects,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื,
04:23
then it's perfectly fine for them to tap the suspect's phone,
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ืื– ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“,
04:26
and to intercept his Internet communications.
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ื•ื™ื™ืจื˜ื• ืืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื•.
04:30
I'm not arguing that at all,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื–ื”,
04:32
but that's not what programs like PRISM are about.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ืคืจื™ื–ืžื”" ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš.
04:34
They are not about doing surveillance on people
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:37
that they have reason to suspect of some wrongdoings.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ืœื ื›ืฉืจื™ื.
04:41
They're about doing surveillance on people
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ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:42
they know are innocent.
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข.
04:46
So the four main arguments
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ื›ืš ืฉืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื
04:48
supporting surveillance like this,
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ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื–ื”,
04:50
well, the first of all is that whenever you start
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ื”ื: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
04:53
discussing about these revelations,
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ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:54
there will be naysayers trying to minimize
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™-ืœืื• ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜
04:57
the importance of these revelations, saying that
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ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืžืจื
04:59
we knew all this already,
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ืฉืื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
05:01
we knew it was happening, there's nothing new here.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืคื” ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:04
And that's not true. Don't let anybody tell you
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื
05:07
that we knew this already, because we did not know this already.
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ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
05:13
Our worst fears might have been something like this,
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ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”,
05:17
but we didn't know this was happening.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
05:19
Now we know for a fact it's happening.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
05:22
We didn't know about this. We didn't know about PRISM.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ "ืคืจื™ื–ืžื”".
05:24
We didn't know about XKeyscore. We didn't know about Cybertrans.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ "ืืงืก-ืงื™-ืกืงื•ืจ". ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ "ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจื˜ืจืื ืก".
05:27
We didn't know about DoubleArrow.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ "ื“ื‘ืœ-ืืจื•".
05:29
We did not know about Skywriter --
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขืœ "ืกืงื™ื™-ืจื™ื™ื˜ืจ" -
05:31
all these different programs
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ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
05:33
run by U.S. intelligence agencies.
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ืฉืžื ื•ื”ืœื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘.
05:36
But now we do.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
05:39
And we did not know
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ื•ื’ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื•
05:41
that U.S. intelligence agencies go to extremes
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ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืชื ืงื•ื˜ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
05:44
such as infiltrating standardization bodies
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืคื™ ืชืงื™ื ื”
05:48
to sabotage encryption algorithms on purpose.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืคื ื”.
05:53
And what that means
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
05:55
is that you take something which is secure,
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ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
05:57
an encryption algorithm which is so secure
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ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—,
05:59
that if you use that algorithm to encrypt one file,
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ืฉืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืคื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ,
06:02
nobody can decrypt that file.
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ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืขื ื— ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื–ื”.
06:04
Even if they take every single computer on the planet just to decrypt that one file,
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ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช ืจืง ืœืคื™ืขื ื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื–ื”,
06:08
it's going to take millions of years.
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ื–ื” ื™ืืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
06:11
So that's basically perfectly safe, uncrackable.
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื—.
06:13
You take something which is that good
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ืื– ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘,
06:15
and then you weaken it on purpose,
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ืžื—ืœื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ,
06:17
making all of us less secure as an end result.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
06:23
A real-world equivalent would be that
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื–ืืช
06:25
intelligence agencies would force
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื›ื•ืคื ื”
06:28
some secret pin code into every single house alarm
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ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืงื•ื“ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื–ืขืงื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช
06:31
so they could get into every single house
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช
06:32
because, you know, bad people might have house alarms,
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื: ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืื–ืขืงื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช,
06:35
but it will also make all of us
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•
06:37
less secure as an end result.
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ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
06:39
Backdooring encryption algorithms
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ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช
06:43
just boggles the mind.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื™ื.
06:46
But of course, these intelligence agencies are doing their job.
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ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื” ืžืžืœืื•ืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ.
06:50
This is what they have been told to do:
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช:
06:52
do signals intelligence,
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"ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื•ืช,
06:54
monitor telecommunications,
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"ื ื˜ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช,
06:56
monitor Internet traffic.
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"ื ื˜ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜."
06:57
That's what they're trying to do,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
06:59
and since most, a very big part of the Internet traffic today is encrypted,
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘, ืื• ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช,
07:02
they're trying to find ways around the encryption.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืคื ื”.
07:04
One way is to sabotage encryption algorithms,
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ื”ื”ืฆืคื ื”,
07:07
which is a great example
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช
07:09
about how U.S. intelligence agencies
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ืื™ืš ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
07:11
are running loose.
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ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
07:13
They are completely out of control,
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ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆืื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
07:15
and they should be brought back under control.
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ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
07:21
So what do we actually know about the leaks?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช?
07:24
Everything is based on the files
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื
07:26
leaked by Mr. Snowden.
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ืฉื”ื•ื“ืœืคื• ืข"ื™ ืžืจ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ.
07:29
The very first PRISM slides
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืคืจื™ื–ืžื”",
07:32
from the beginning of June
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื™,
07:34
detail a collection program where the data
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ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
07:36
is collected from service providers,
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ื”ื ืืกืคื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
07:37
and they actually go and name the service providers
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ื•ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
07:40
they have access to.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื.
07:42
They even have a specific date
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ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืืจื™ืš ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™
07:45
on when the collection of data began
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ืžืชื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
07:47
for each of the service providers.
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ืžื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
07:49
So for example, they name the collection from Microsoft
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืž"ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜"
07:51
started on September 11, 2007,
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ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘-11 ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007,
07:55
for Yahoo on the March 12, 2008,
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ืž"ื™ืื”ื•", ื‘-12 ืœืžืจืฅ 2008,
07:58
and then others: Google, Facebook,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“: "ื’ื•ื’ืœ", "ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง",
08:01
Skype, Apple and so on.
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"ืกืงื™ื™ืค", "ืืคืœ", ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'.
08:04
And every single one of these companies denies.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื” ื–ืืช.
08:07
They all say that this simply isn't true,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:11
that they are not giving backdoor access to their data.
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ื•ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉืช ื“ืœืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื”ืŸ.
08:16
Yet we have these files.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
08:20
So is one of the parties lying,
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ืื– ื”ืื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืงืจ,
08:22
or is there some other alternative explanation?
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ืื• ืฉืžื ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื™?
08:25
And one explanation would be
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
08:28
that these parties, these service providers,
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ืฉื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
08:31
are not cooperating.
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ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”,
08:33
Instead, they've been hacked.
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ืืœื ืคืจืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื.
08:36
That would explain it. They aren't cooperating. They've been hacked.
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ื–ื” ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”. ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื”. ืคืจืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื.
08:39
In this case, they've been hacked by their own government.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืคืจืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื”ื.
08:44
That might sound outlandish,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ื–ืจ,
08:46
but we already have cases where this has happened,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื–ื” ืงืจื”,
08:48
for example, the case of the Flame malware
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ื•ื ื” "ืคืœื™ื™ื"
08:51
which we strongly believe was authored
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืื“ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื”
08:53
by the U.S. government,
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ืข"ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘,
08:55
and which, to spread, subverted the security
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ื•ืฉืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืฆืชื”, ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช
08:59
of the Windows Update network,
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ืจืฉืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜",
09:02
meaning here, the company was hacked
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืคืจืฆื”
09:06
by their own government.
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ืข"ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืชื” ืฉืœื”.
09:08
And there's more evidence
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
09:10
supporting this theory as well.
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ืฉื’ื ื”ืŸ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื•.
09:13
Der Spiegel, from Germany, leaked more information
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"ื“ืจ ืฉืคื™ื’ืœ" ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื”ื“ืœื™ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ
09:17
about the operations run by the elite hacker units
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
09:21
operating inside these intelligence agencies.
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ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืืœื”.
09:24
Inside NSA, the unit is called TAO,
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ื‘ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช "ื˜ืื•",
09:27
Tailored Access Operations,
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ืจ"ืช ืฉืœ "ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื",
09:28
and inside GCHQ, which is the U.K. equivalent,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช,
09:32
it's called NAC, Network Analysis Centre.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช "ื ืืง", ืจ"ืช ืฉืœ "ืžืจื›ื– ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืฉืช".
09:36
And these recent leaks of these three slides
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ื•ื”ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ื‘-3 ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
09:40
detail an operation
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ืžืชืืจื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข
09:42
run by this GCHQ intelligence agency
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ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืข"ื™ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ "ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™",
09:45
from the United Kingdom
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ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
09:47
targeting a telecom here in Belgium.
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ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”.
09:51
And what this really means
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ
09:53
is that an E.U. country's intelligence agency
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™
09:57
is breaching the security
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ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”
10:00
of a telecom of a fellow E.U. country on purpose,
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ,
10:04
and they discuss it in their slides completely casually,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื’ื‘ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
10:08
business as usual.
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ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ.
10:10
Here's the primary target,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™,
10:11
here's the secondary target,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžืฉื ื™,
10:13
here's the teaming.
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ื–ื”ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.
10:14
They probably have a team building on Thursday evening in a pub.
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ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืคืื‘.
10:18
They even use cheesy PowerPoint clip art
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืคืืื•ืจ-ืคื•ื™ื ื˜"
10:21
like, you know, "Success,"
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ื›ืžื• "ื”ืฆืœื—ื”",
10:23
when they gain access to services like this.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
10:26
What the hell?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ?
10:31
And then there's the argument
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ
10:33
that okay, yes, this might be going on,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ: "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”,
10:35
but then again, other countries are doing it as well.
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"ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
10:37
All countries spy.
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"ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ."
10:40
And maybe that's true.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:41
Many countries spy, not all of them, but let's take an example.
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ, ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
10:44
Let's take, for example, Sweden.
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ื ื™ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”.
10:46
I'm speaking of Sweden because Sweden
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”,
10:47
has a little bit of a similar law to the United States.
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืขื˜ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘.
10:50
When your data traffic goes through Sweden,
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ื›ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”,
10:52
their intelligence agency has a legal right by the law
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ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง
10:55
to intercept that traffic.
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ืœื™ื™ืจื˜ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื•.
10:57
All right, how many Swedish decisionmakers
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ื›ืžื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™-ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื™ื,
11:00
and politicians and business leaders
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
11:03
use, every day, U.S.-based services,
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื™ืกื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
11:06
like, you know, run Windows or OSX,
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืื• "ืื•-ืืก 10",
11:09
or use Facebook or LinkedIn,
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ืื• "ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง" ืื• "ืœื™ื ืงื“-ืื™ืŸ",
11:11
or store their data in clouds like iCloud
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ืื• ืžืื—ืกื ื™ื ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ ื›ืžื• "ืื™ื™-ืงืœืื•ื“"
11:15
or Skydrive or DropBox,
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ืื• "ืกืงื™ื™-ื“ืจื™ื™ื‘" ืื• "ื“ืจื•ืคื‘ื•ืงืก",
11:19
or maybe use online services like Amazon web services or sales support?
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ืื• ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ "ืืžื–ื•ืŸ"?
11:23
And the answer is, every single Swedish business leader does that every single day.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืขืกืงื™ ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•.
11:27
And then we turn it around.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™.
11:28
How many American leaders
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ื›ืžื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
11:30
use Swedish webmails and cloud services?
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืจืฉืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื™ื?
11:35
And the answer is zero.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืืคืก.
11:37
So this is not balanced.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื” ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ.
11:39
It's not balanced by any means, not even close.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื›ืš.
11:44
And when we do have the occasional
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื
11:46
European success story,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ-ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื™,
11:48
even those, then, typically end up being sold to the United States.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื, ื‘ื“"ื›, ื ืžื›ืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
11:52
Like, Skype used to be secure.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, "ืกืงื™ื™ืค" ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืขื ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช.
11:54
It used to be end-to-end encrypted.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ืžืงืฆื” ืœืงืฆื”.
11:57
Then it was sold to the United States.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื ืžื›ืจื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
11:59
Today, it no longer is secure.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช.
12:01
So once again, we take something which is secure
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืงื—ื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—,
12:04
and then we make it less secure on purpose,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—,
12:06
making all of us less secure as an outcome.
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ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš - ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
12:12
And then the argument that the United States
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืจื”"ื‘
12:15
is only fighting terrorists.
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ืจืง ื ืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
12:17
It's the war on terror.
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ื–ืืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
12:18
You shouldn't worry about it.
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ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš.
12:20
Well, it's not the war on terror.
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ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
12:23
Yes, part of it is war on terror, and yes,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:25
there are terrorists, and they do kill and maim,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืืžื ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืฆืขื™ื,
12:28
and we should fight them,
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ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื,
12:29
but we know through these leaks
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื•, ืžื”ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
12:31
that they have used the same techniques
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ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช
12:33
to listen to phone calls of European leaders,
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ืœืฆื•ืชืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื,
12:37
to tap the email of residents of Mexico and Brazil,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื“ื•ื"ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื•ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ,
12:40
to read email traffic inside the United Nations Headquarters and E.U. Parliament,
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื˜ื” ื”ืื•"ื ื•ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™,
12:45
and I don't think they are trying to find terrorists
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ื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื
12:48
from inside the E.U. Parliament, right?
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:51
It's not the war on terror.
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ื–ื• ืœื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
12:53
Part of it might be, and there are terrorists,
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ื—ืœืงื” ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืŸ, ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื,
12:57
but are we really thinking about terrorists
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื
13:00
as such an existential threat
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ืื™ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ-ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ื–ื”
13:02
that we are willing to do anything at all to fight them?
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื?
13:06
Are the Americans ready to throw away the Constituion
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ื”ืื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืงื”,
13:09
and throw it in the trash just because there are terrorists?
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ื•ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื— ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื?
13:13
And the same thing with the Bill of Rights and all the amendments
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื "ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช" ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื,
13:16
and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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ื•"ื”ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืื™-ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื"
13:18
and the E.U. conventions on human rights and fundamental freedoms
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ื•ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™
13:23
and the press freedom?
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ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช?
13:25
Do we really think terrorism is such an existential threat,
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ื”ืื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืื™ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื™,
13:29
we are ready to do anything at all?
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ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื ืกื›ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ?
13:34
But people are scared about terrorists,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื,
13:37
and then they think that maybe that surveillance is okay
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ืื– ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืขืงื‘
13:39
because they have nothing to hide.
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ื›ื™ ืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ.
13:41
Feel free to survey me if that helps.
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ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื›ื.
13:44
And whoever tells you that they have nothing to hide
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ
13:47
simply hasn't thought about this long enough.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง.
13:54
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
14:00
Because we have this thing called privacy,
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช",
14:03
and if you really think that you have nothing to hide,
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ื•ืื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ,
14:05
please make sure that's the first thing you tell me,
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ืชื•ื•ื“ืื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™,
14:07
because then I know
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืื“ืข
14:09
that I should not trust you with any secrets,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืฉื•ื ืกื•ื“,
14:10
because obviously you can't keep a secret.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช.
14:17
But people are brutally honest with the Internet,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
14:20
and when these leaks started,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื—ืœื•,
14:23
many people were asking me about this.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
14:25
And I have nothing to hide.
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ื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ.
14:27
I'm not doing anything bad or anything illegal.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ืื• ืœื-ื—ื•ืงื™.
14:30
Yet, I have nothing that I would in particular
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
14:33
like to share with an intelligence agency,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื• ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
14:35
especially a foreign intelligence agency.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืจื”.
14:40
And if we indeed need a Big Brother,
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ืื›ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœ"ืื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ",
14:42
I would much rather have a domestic Big Brother
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ "ืื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ืžื‘ื™ืช,
14:46
than a foreign Big Brother.
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ืžืืฉืจ "ืื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ื–ืจ.
14:49
And when the leaks started, the very first thing I tweeted about this
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘"ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ"
14:54
was a comment about how,
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื” ืฉืืžืจื”,
14:56
when you've been using search engines,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ,
14:58
you've been potentially leaking all that to U.S. intelligence.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืืชื ืžื“ืœื™ืคื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
15:02
And two minutes later, I got a reply
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
15:03
by somebody called Kimberly from the United States
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ืž"ืงื™ืžื‘ืจืœื™" ืžืืจื”"ื‘,
15:06
challenging me, like, why am I worried about this?
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ืฉืงืจืื” ืขืœื™ ืชื™ื’ืจ: ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžื›ืš?
15:08
What am I sending to worry about this? Am I sending naked pictures or something?
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ืื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ืื™ื’ื™ื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—? ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•?
15:12
And my answer to Kimberly was
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ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ ืœืงื™ืžื‘ืจืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื”,
15:14
that what I'm sending is none of your business,
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"ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื™ืกืงืš,
15:17
and it should be none of your government's business either.
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"ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืชืš."
15:21
Because that's what it's about. It's about privacy.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
15:24
Privacy is nonnegotiable.
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ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ.
15:25
It should be built in to all the systems we use.
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ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
15:31
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
15:38
And one thing we should all understand
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
15:41
is that we are brutally honest with search engines.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื›ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ.
15:46
You show me your search history,
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ื”ืจืื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
15:48
and I'll find something incriminating
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืฆื ืฉื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืคืœื™ืœ
15:51
or something embarrassing there in five minutes.
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื™ืš, ืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช.
15:54
We are more honest with search engines
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
15:56
than we are with our families.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
15:58
Search engines know more about you
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ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:00
than your family members know about you.
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ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื›ื.
16:03
And this is all the kind of information we are giving away,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
16:06
we are giving away to the United States.
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ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
16:10
And surveillance changes history.
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ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื’ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
16:12
We know this through examples of corrupt presidents like Nixon.
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืžื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ.
16:16
Imagine if he would have had the kind of surveillance tools that are available today.
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
16:20
And let me actually quote
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื˜ื˜
16:22
the president of Brazil, Ms. Dilma Rousseff.
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ืืช ื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ื”ื’ื‘' ื“ื™ืœืžื” ืจื•ืกืฃ,
16:26
She was one of the targets of NSA surveillance.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™.
16:29
Her email was read, and she spoke
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ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืฉืœื” ื ืงืจื. ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืืžื”
16:31
at the United Nations Headquarters, and she said,
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ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืื•"ื, ื•ืืžืจื”:
16:34
"If there is no right to privacy,
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"ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
16:36
there can be no true freedom of expression and opinion,
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"ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืืžื™ืชื™,
16:39
and therefore, there can be no effective democracy."
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"ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืฉื•ื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ."
16:44
That's what it's about.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
16:46
Privacy is the building block of our democracies.
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ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
16:52
And to quote a fellow security researcher, Marcus Ranum,
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ื•ืื ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืขืžื™ืชื™, ืžืจืงื•ืก ืจืื ื•ื,
16:56
he said that the United States is right now treating the Internet
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
16:59
as it would be treating one of its colonies.
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ื›ืืœ ืื—ืช ืžืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื”.
17:02
So we are back to the age of colonization,
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื,
17:05
and we, the foreign users of the Internet,
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ื•ืื ื•, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
17:08
we should think about Americans as our masters.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืืช ืื“ื•ื ื™ื ื•.
17:15
So Mr. Snowden, he's been blamed for many things.
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ืื– ืžืจ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ืืฉื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
17:18
Some are blaming him for causing problems
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
17:21
for the U.S. cloud industry and software companies with these revelations --
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ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” -
17:24
and blaming Snowden for causing problems for the U.S. cloud industry
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ื•ื”ืืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
17:29
would be the equivalent of blaming Al Gore
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ
17:31
for causing global warming.
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ื‘ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
17:33
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
17:36
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
17:43
So, what is there to be done?
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ืื– ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
17:50
Should we worry. No, we shouldn't worry.
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’. ืœื. ืื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’.
17:51
We should be angry, because this is wrong,
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ื–, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
17:54
and it's rude, and it should not be done.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื’ืกื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
17:57
But that's not going to really change the situation.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘.
17:59
What's going to change the situation for the rest of the world
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื
18:02
is to try to steer away
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง
18:04
from systems built in the United States.
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ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
18:07
And that's much easier said than done.
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ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
18:10
How do you do that?
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
18:11
A single country, any single country in Europe
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
18:13
cannot replace and build replacements
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช
18:16
for the U.S.-made operating systems and cloud services.
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ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
18:19
But maybe you don't have to do it alone.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื‘ื“.
18:21
Maybe you can do it together with other countries.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
18:22
The solution is open source.
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ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—.
18:26
By building together open, free, secure systems,
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ืข"ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช,
18:31
we can go around such surveillance,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
18:34
and then one country doesn't have to solve the problem by itself.
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ื•ืื– ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืชื™ืืœืฆื ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ืŸ.
18:38
It only has to solve one little problem.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืชืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
18:40
And to quote a fellow security researcher, Haroon Meer,
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ื•ืื ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืขืžื™ืชื™, ื—ืืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ,
18:46
one country only has to make a small wave,
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ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืง ื’ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื—ื“,
18:49
but those small waves together become a tide,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื’ืื•ืช,
18:52
and the tide will lift all the boats up at the same time,
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ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืช ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื•ืช,
18:56
and the tide we will build
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ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื”,
18:57
with secure, free, open-source systems,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
19:01
will become the tide that will lift all of us
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ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื’ืื•ืช ืฉืชืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•
19:03
up and above the surveillance state.
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ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘.
19:09
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
19:11
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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