Trita Parsi: Iran and Israel: Peace is possible

64,858 views ใƒป 2013-10-09

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
"Iran is Israel's best friend,
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"ืื™ืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ืชื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
00:14
and we do not intend to change our position
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
00:17
in relation to Tehran."
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ื”ืจืŸ."
00:20
Believe it or not, this is a quote
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ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ื–ื”ื• ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜
00:22
from an Israeli prime minister,
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ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™,
00:24
but it's not Ben-Gurion or Golda Meir
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื’ื•ืœื“ื” ืžืื™ืจ
00:26
from the era of the Shah.
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ืžื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืื”.
00:29
It's actually from Yitzhak Rabin.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ.
00:31
The year is 1987.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื 1987.
00:34
Ayatollah Khomeini is still alive,
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ืื™ืชื•ืœืœื” ื—ื•ืžื™ื ื™. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™.
00:35
and much like Ahmadinejad today,
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืื—ืžื“ื™ื ื’'ืื“ ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:37
he's using the worst rhetoric against Israel.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
00:40
Yet, Rabin referred to Iran
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื™ืจืืŸ
00:43
as a geostrategic friend.
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ื›ืืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ื’ื™ืื•-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช.
00:46
Today, when we hear the threats of war
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”
00:49
and the high rhetoric,
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ื•ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
00:51
we're oftentimes led to believe
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
00:52
that this is yet another one of those unsolvable
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื
00:55
Middle Eastern conflicts
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ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
00:57
with roots as old as the region itself.
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ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•.
01:01
Nothing could be further from the truth,
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืืžืช,
01:05
and I hope today to show you why that is.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื›ืš.
01:09
The relations between the Iranian and the Jewish people
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™
01:11
throughout history has actually been quite positive,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™,
01:14
starting in 539 B.C.,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 539 ืœืคื ื”"ืก,
01:16
when King Cyrus the Great of Persia
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืœืš ืคืจืก
01:18
liberated the Jewish people from their Babylonian captivity.
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ืฉื™ื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ.
01:22
A third of the Jewish population
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช
01:24
stayed in Babylonia.
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ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ.
01:26
They're today's Iraqi Jews.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจืืง ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:28
A third migrated to Persia.
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืจื• ืœืคืจืก.
01:31
They're today's Iranian Jews,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจืืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:33
still 25,000 of them living in Iran,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ 25,000 ืžื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ,
01:36
making them the largest Jewish community
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:38
in the Middle East outside of Israel itself.
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ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฆืžื”.
01:41
And a third returned to historic Palestine,
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
01:44
did the second rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem,
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ื•ื‘ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื,
01:47
financed, incidentally, by Persian tax money.
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ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืื’ื‘, ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืžืกื™ื ืคืจืกื™ื™ื.
01:52
But even in modern times,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
01:54
relations have been close at times.
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื.
01:57
Rabin's statement was a reflection
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ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืคื”
02:00
of decades of security and intelligence collaboration
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ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ
02:04
between the two, which in turn
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื•
02:06
was born out of perception of common threats.
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ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
02:10
Both states feared the Soviet Union
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉืฉื• ืžื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช
02:13
and strong Arab states such as Egypt and Iraq.
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ื•ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขื™ืจืืง.
02:18
And, in addition, the Israeli doctrine of the periphery,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”,
02:22
the idea that Israel's security was best achieved
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:26
by creating alliances with the non-Arab states
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช
02:30
in the periphery of the region
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ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
02:32
in order to balance the Arab states in its vicinity.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
02:36
Now, from the Shah's perspective, though,
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ื›ืขืช, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช
02:39
he wanted to keep this as secret as possible,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ,
02:43
so when Yitzhak Rabin, for instance,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ,
02:45
traveled to Iran in the '70s,
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ื ืกืข ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70,
02:47
he usually wore a wig
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืฉ ืคืื”
02:48
so that no one would recognize him.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
02:51
The Iranians built a special tarmac
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ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
02:53
at the airport in Tehran, far away from the central terminal,
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ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืืŸ, ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
02:56
so that no one would notice the large number
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ื›ืš ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
02:59
of Israeli planes shuttling between Tel Aviv and Tehran.
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ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืกื™ื ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื˜ื”ืจืŸ.
03:04
Now, did all of this end with the Islamic revolution
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืกืœืืžื™ืช
03:07
in 1979?
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1979?
03:10
In spite of the very clear anti-Israeli ideology
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืžืื“
03:13
of the new regime, the geopolitical logic
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
03:17
for their collaboration lived on,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื,
03:19
because they still had common threats.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
03:22
And when Iraq invaded Iran in 1980,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื™ืจืืง ืคืœืฉื” ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘- 1980
03:25
Israel feared an Iraqi victory
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ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืฉืฉื” ืžื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจืงื™
03:28
and actively helped Iran by selling it arms
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ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื ืฉืง
03:30
and providing it with spare parts
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ื•ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ
03:33
for Iran's American weaponry
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉืง ืื™ืจืื ื™ ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘
03:35
at a moment when Iran was very vulnerable
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคื’ื™ืขื”
03:38
because of an American arms embargo
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืžื‘ืจื’ื• ื ืฉืง ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
03:41
that Israel was more than happy to violate.
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ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžื—ื” ืœื”ืคืจ.
03:44
In fact, back in the 1980s,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80,
03:47
it was Israel that lobbied Washington
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ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืฉืขืชืจื” ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
03:49
to talk to Iran, to sell arms to Iran,
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืื™ืจืืŸ ื ืฉืง,
03:54
and not pay attention to Iran's anti-Israeli ideology.
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ื•ืœื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ.
03:59
And this, of course, climaxed
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ื•ื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื
04:01
in the Iran-Contra scandal of the 1980s.
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ื‘ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ืจืืŸ-ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืืก, (ืื™ืจืื ื’ื™ื™ื˜) ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื.
04:06
But with the end of the Cold War
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”
04:08
came also the end of the Israeli-Iranian cold peace.
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ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื’ื ื”ืงืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืงืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™-ืื™ืจืื ื™.
04:12
Suddenly, the two common threats
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ืœืคืชืข, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื
04:15
that had pushed them closer together throughout decades,
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ืฉื“ื—ืคื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื–ื• ืืœ ื–ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
04:18
more or less evaporated.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’ื•.
04:20
The Soviet Union collapsed,
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ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืงืจืกื”.
04:22
Iraq was defeated,
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ืขื™ืจืืง ื”ื•ื‘ืกื”,
04:24
and a new environment was created in the region
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ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ
04:26
in which both of them felt more secure,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:28
but they were also now left unchecked.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ืชืจื• ื’ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืจื•ืกื ื•ืช.
04:31
Without Iraq balancing Iran,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืขื™ืจืืง ืชืื–ืŸ ืืช ืื™ืจืืŸ
04:34
Iran could now become a threat,
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ืื™ืจืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืขืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื™ื•ื
04:36
some in Israel argued.
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ื˜ืขื ื• ืื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
04:39
In fact, the current dynamic
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช
04:42
that you see between Iran and Israel
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ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
04:44
has its roots more so
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ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื” ื ืขื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:46
in the geopolitical reconfiguration of the region
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ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
04:49
after the Cold War
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”
04:50
than in the events of 1979,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ 1979,
04:53
because at this point, Iran and Israel
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
04:56
emerge as two of the most powerful states in the region,
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ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
05:00
and rather than viewing each other
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
05:01
as potential security partners,
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ื›ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
05:03
they increasingly came to view each other
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•
05:06
as rivals and competitors.
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ื›ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช.
05:09
So Israel, who in the 1980s
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ืื– ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80
05:11
lobbied for and improved U.S.-Iran relations
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ืคืขืœื” ื›ืฉื“ื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ -ืื™ืจืืŸ
05:14
now feared a U.S.-Iran rapprochement,
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ื—ืฉืฉื” ื›ืขืช ืžื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืื™ืจืืŸ,
05:18
thinking that it would come
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ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ืขืฉื”
05:19
at Israel's security interests' expense,
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ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
05:23
and instead sought to put Iran
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืื™ืจืืŸ
05:25
in increased isolation.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ.
05:27
Ironically, this was happening at a time
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื”, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
05:30
when Iran was more interested
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ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช
05:32
in peacemaking with Washington
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ื‘ื”ืฉื›ื ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
05:35
than to see to Israel's destruction.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
05:38
Iran had put itself in isolation
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ืื™ืจืืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
05:40
because of its radicalism,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
05:42
and after having helped the United States indirectly
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื–ืจื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ
05:45
in the war against Iraq in 1991,
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืขื™ืจืืง ื‘-1991,
05:47
the Iranians were hoping
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ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื ืงื™ื•ื•
05:49
that they would be rewarded by being included
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ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื•ื’ืžืœื• ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ื›ืœืœื•
05:53
in the post-war security architecture of the region.
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ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
05:57
But Washington chose to ignore Iran's outreach,
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ืื‘ืœ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื•ืฉื˜ืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ,
06:01
as it would a decade later in Afghanistan,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
06:03
and instead moved to intensify Iran's isolation,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ,
06:08
and it is at this point, around 1993, '94,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 94 -1993,
06:11
that Iran begins to translate
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ืื™ืจืืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชืจื’ื
06:14
its anti-Israeli ideology
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ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”
06:16
into operational policy.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช.
06:18
The Iranians believed that whatever they did,
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ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืขืฉื•
06:20
even if they moderated their policies,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ื™ืžืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
06:23
the U.S. would continue to seek Iran's isolation,
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ,
06:26
and the only way Iran could compel Washington
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืืœืฅ ืืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
06:30
to change its position was by imposing a cost
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
06:33
on the U.S. if it didn't.
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ืขืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
06:36
The easiest target was the peace process,
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื
06:40
and now the Iranian ideological bark
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ืช
06:43
was to be accompanied by a nonconventional bite,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื ื’ื™ืกื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช,
06:47
and Iran began supporting extensively
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ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”
06:51
Palestinian Islamist groups that it previously
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื™ืกืœืžื™ื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ
06:54
had shunned.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื•ื“ื•ืช.
06:57
In some ways, this sounds paradoxical,
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™,
07:00
but according to Martin Indyk
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืง
07:02
of the Clinton administration,
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ืžืžืžืฉืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ,
07:04
the Iranians had not gotten it entirely wrong,
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ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
07:07
because the more peace there would be
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ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•ื
07:09
between Israel and Palestine,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ืŸ.
07:11
the U.S. believed, the more Iran would get isolated.
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ื ื”, ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช.
07:14
The more Iran got isolated, the more peace there would be.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช, ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•ื.
07:17
So according to Indyk, and these are his words,
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ืื– ืœืคื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืง, ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•,
07:20
the Iranians had an interest to do us in
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ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงืœืงืœ ืœื ื•
07:23
on the peace process
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื
07:25
in order to defeat our policy of containment.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
07:28
To defeat our policy of containment,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
07:31
not about ideology.
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ืœื ืขืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
07:35
But throughout even the worst times of their entanglement,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ,
07:39
all sides have reached out to each other.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
07:42
Netanyahu, when he got elected in 1996,
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ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1996,
07:45
reached out to the Iranians to see
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ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืœืื™ืจืื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช
07:47
if there were any ways that
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ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื
07:49
the doctrine of the periphery could be resurrected.
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ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”.
07:52
Tehran was not interested.
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ื˜ื”ืจืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช.
07:54
A few years later, the Iranians sent
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™ื ืฉืœื—ื•
07:57
a comprehensive negotiation proposal to the Bush administration,
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ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ,
08:01
a proposal that revealed that there was some potential
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ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
08:05
of getting Iran and Israel back on terms again.
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ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
08:09
The Bush administration did not even respond.
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ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื‘.
08:12
All sides have never missed an opportunity
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
08:15
to miss an opportunity.
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ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
08:20
But this is not an ancient conflict.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืขืชื™ืง.
08:25
This is not even an ideological conflict.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
08:28
The ebbs and flows of hostility
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ื”ืฉืคืœ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช
08:31
have not shifted with ideological zeal,
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ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืขื ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
08:34
but rather with changes in the geopolitical landscape.
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ืืœื ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืื•-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
08:37
When Iran and Israel's security imperatives
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
08:39
dictated collaboration, they did so
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ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช
08:42
in spite of lethal ideological opposition to each other.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.
08:45
When Iran's ideological impulses collided
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื—ืคื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•
08:48
with its strategic interests,
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ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
08:50
the strategic interests always prevailed.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื’ื‘ืจื•.
08:54
This is good news, because it means
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
08:57
that neither war nor enmity
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ืฉืœื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื”
09:00
is a foregone conclusion.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื•ืช.
09:03
But some want war.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื”.
09:06
Some believe or say that it's 1938,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” 1938
09:09
Iran is Germany,
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ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
09:11
and Ahmadinejad is Hitler.
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ืื—ืžื“ื™ื ื’'ืื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ.
09:14
If we accept this to be true,
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ืื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
09:16
that indeed it is 1938, Iran is Germany,
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ืฉืื›ืŸ ื–ื” 1938, ืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
09:19
Ahmadinejad is Hitler,
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ืื—ืžื“ื™ื ื’'ืื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ,
09:22
then the question we have to ask ourself is,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื”ื™ื
09:25
who wishes to play the role of Neville Chamberlain?
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ืžื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆ'ืžื‘ืจืœื™ื™ืŸ?
09:28
Who will risk peace?
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ืžื™ ื™ืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื?
09:31
This is an analogy that is deliberately aimed
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ื–ื• ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ
09:34
at eliminating diplomacy,
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ืœื—ืกืœ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”,
09:37
and when you eliminate diplomacy,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืกืœื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื”,
09:39
you make war inevitable.
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ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช.
09:42
In an ideological conflict, there can be no truce,
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ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ืืฉ,
09:45
no draw, no compromise,
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ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•, ืื™ืŸ ืคืฉืจื•ืช,
09:47
only victory or defeat.
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ืจืง ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืื• ืชื‘ื•ืกื”.
09:51
But rather than making war inevitable
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช
09:54
by viewing this as ideological,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืชื” ื›ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
09:57
we would be wise to seek ways
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ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
09:59
to make peace possible.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
10:02
Iran and Israel's conflict is a new phenomenon,
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ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืฉืœ ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
10:06
only a few decades old
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ืจืง ื‘ืช ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
10:08
in a history of 2,500 years,
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ 2,500 ืฉื ื”,
10:10
and precisely because its roots are geopolitical,
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ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื’ื™ืื•-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
10:14
it means that solutions can be found,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช,
10:17
compromises can be struck,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืฉืจื•ืช,
10:20
however difficult it yet may be.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”.
10:23
After all, it was Yitzhak Rabin himself who said,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืืžืจ
10:27
"You don't make peace with your friends.
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"ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:30
You make it with your enemies."
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ืฉืœื•ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ."
10:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
10:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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