Hanna Rosin: New data on the rise of women

91,822 views ใƒป 2010-12-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจ-ืชืงื“ื™ื
00:18
where the power dynamics between men and women
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ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
00:20
are shifting very rapidly,
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ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
00:23
and in many of the places where it counts the most,
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ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืœ,
00:25
women are, in fact, taking control of everything.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
00:28
In my mother's day, she didn't go to college.
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื™, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืงื•ืœื’'.
00:30
Not a lot of women did.
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ืจืง ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
00:32
And now, for every two men who get a college degree,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ื, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืงื•ืœื’',
00:35
three women will do the same.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
00:37
Women, for the first time this year,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื”,
00:39
became the majority of the American workforce.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
00:41
And they're starting to dominate lots of professions --
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื -
00:44
doctors, lawyers,
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ืจื•ืคืื•ืช, ืขื•ืจื›ื•ืช-ื“ื™ืŸ,
00:46
bankers, accountants.
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ื‘ื ืงืื™ื•ืช, ืจื•ืื•ืช-ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
00:48
Over 50 percent of managers are women these days,
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ืžืขืœ 50% ืžื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช.
00:51
and in the 15 professions
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ื•ื‘-15 ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช
00:53
projected to grow the most in the next decade,
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ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
00:55
all but two of them are dominated by women.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืคืจื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื.
00:57
So the global economy is becoming a place
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื
00:59
where women are more successful than men,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:01
believe it or not,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ,
01:03
and these economic changes
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืืœื”
01:05
are starting to rapidly affect our culture --
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื• -
01:07
what our romantic comedies look like,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
01:09
what our marriages look like,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
01:11
what our dating lives look like,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:13
and our new set of superheroes.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:15
For a long time, this is the image of American manhood that dominated --
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ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช -
01:18
tough, rugged,
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ืงืฉื•ื—, ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก,
01:20
in control of his own environment.
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ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•.
01:22
A few years ago, the Marlboro Man was retired
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžืจืœื‘ื•ืจื• ืคืจืฉ ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช
01:24
and replaced by this
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ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื–ื”,
01:26
much less impressive specimen,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ื,
01:28
who is a parody of American manhood,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
01:30
and that's what we have in our commercials today.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:33
The phrase "first-born son"
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ'
01:35
is so deeply ingrained in our consciousness
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ื ื˜ื•ืข ื›ื” ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืชื ื•
01:38
that this statistic alone shocked me.
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ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื™:
01:40
In American fertility clinics,
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ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช,
01:42
75 percent of couples
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75% ืžื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช
01:44
are requesting girls and not boys.
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ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ื.
01:46
And in places where you wouldn't think,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื›ื,
01:48
such as South Korea, India and China,
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ื›ืžื• ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”, ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืกื™ืŸ,
01:51
the very strict patriarchal societies
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:53
are starting to break down a little,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืจืง ืžืขื˜,
01:55
and families are no longer
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ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ
01:57
strongly preferring first-born sons.
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ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื.
02:00
If you think about this, if you just open your eyes to this possibility
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ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืื ืจืง ืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
02:03
and start to connect the dots,
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช,
02:05
you can see the evidence everywhere.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
02:07
You can see it in college graduation patterns,
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ืœื’'ื™ื,
02:09
in job projections,
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™,
02:11
in our marriage statistics,
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ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
02:13
you can see it in the Icelandic elections, which you'll hear about later,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืชืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš,
02:16
and you can see it on South Korean surveys on son preference,
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ื•ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื™ืœื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
02:19
that something amazing and unprecedented
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืคืœื ื•ื—ืกืจ-ืชืงื“ื™ื
02:21
is happening with women.
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ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
02:23
Certainly this is not the first time that we've had great progress with women.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ืœื ื”ืคืขื ื”-1 ื‘ื” ืื™ืจืขื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื.
02:26
The '20s and the '60s also come to mind.
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ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20 ื•ื”-60 ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
02:29
But the difference is that, back then,
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ืืš ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื–,
02:31
it was driven by a very passionate feminist movement
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื™ื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืจื‘ืช-ืœื”ื˜
02:34
that was trying to project its own desires,
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ืฉื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื”,
02:36
whereas this time, it's not about passion,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื”ื˜,
02:38
and it's not about any kind of movement.
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
02:40
This is really just about the facts
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
02:42
of this economic moment that we live in.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืขืช.
02:44
The 200,000-year period
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ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืช 200,000 ื”ืฉื ื™ื
02:46
in which men have been top dog
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื
02:48
is truly coming to an end, believe it or not,
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ืื›ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื™ืฆื”, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื,
02:51
and that's why I talk about the "end of men."
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืงืฅ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™.
02:54
Now all you men out there,
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื:
02:56
this is not the moment where you tune out or throw some tomatoes,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช,
02:59
because the point is that this
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื
03:01
is happening to all of us.
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ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
03:03
I myself have a husband and a father
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ื’ื ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ื•ืื‘
03:06
and two sons whom I dearly love.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืžืื“.
03:08
And this is why I like to talk about this,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
03:10
because if we don't acknowledge it,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื ื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืš,
03:12
then the transition will be pretty painful.
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ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืื™ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™.
03:14
But if we do take account of it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื›ืŸ ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš,
03:16
then I think it will go much more smoothly.
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื™ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœืง.
03:19
I first started thinking about this about a year and a half ago.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™.
03:22
I was reading headlines about the recession just like anyone else,
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื,
03:25
and I started to notice a distinct pattern --
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืจื•ืจ -
03:27
that the recession was affecting men
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ืฉื”ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
03:30
much more deeply than it was affecting women.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื.
03:32
And I remembered back to about 10 years ago
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ื•ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื
03:34
when I read a book by Susan Faludi
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžืืช ืกื•ื–ืŸ ืคืืœื•ื“ื™
03:37
called "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man,"
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ื‘ืฉื: "ืงืฉื”-ืขื•ืจืฃ: ื”ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™"
03:40
in which she described how hard the recession had hit men,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืคื’ืข ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:43
and I started to think about
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
03:45
whether it had gotten worse this time around in this recession.
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.
03:48
And I realized that two things were different this time around.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื.
03:51
The first was that
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื
03:53
these were no longer just temporary hits
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ืฉื”ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช
03:55
that the recession was giving men --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื -
03:57
that this was reflecting a deeper
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ
03:59
underlying shift in our global economy.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:01
And second, that the story was no longer
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขื•ืกืง
04:03
just about the crisis of men,
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ืจืง ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™,
04:05
but it was also about what was happening to women.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื ืฉื™ื.
04:07
And now look at this second set of slides.
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ื›ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
04:09
These are headlines about what's been going on with women in the next few years.
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ืืœื” ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:12
These are things we never could have imagined a few years ago.
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ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
04:15
Women, a majority of the workplace.
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ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:17
And labor statistics: women take up most managerial jobs.
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ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื”: ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ืช.
04:20
This second set of headlines --
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ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช:
04:22
you can see that families and marriages are starting to shift.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
04:25
And look at that last headline --
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ื•ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•:
04:27
young women earning more than young men.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
04:29
That particular headline comes to me from a market research firm.
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ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืกืงืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื.
04:32
They were basically asked by one of their clients
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื—ื“ ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื
04:35
who was going to buy houses in that neighborhood in the future.
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ืžื™ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
04:38
And they expected that it would be young families,
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ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ืคื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช,
04:40
or young men, just like it had always been.
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ืื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“.
04:42
But in fact, they found something very surprising.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:44
It was young, single women
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช
04:46
who were the major purchasers of houses in the neighborhood.
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื›ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
04:49
And so they decided, because they were intrigued by this finding,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฆื ื”ื–ื” ืกื™ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื,
04:52
to do a nationwide survey.
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ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืงืจ ืืจืฆื™.
04:54
So they spread out all the census data,
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ืื– ื”ื ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:56
and what they found, the guy described to me as a shocker,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืœื™ ื›ื”ืœื:
04:59
which is that in 1,997
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ืฉื‘-1997,
05:02
out of 2,000 communities,
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ 2,000 ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
05:04
women, young women,
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ื ืฉื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช,
05:06
were making more money than young men.
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ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
05:08
So here you have a generation of young women
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ื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
05:10
who grow up thinking of themselves
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ืฉืžืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ
05:12
as being more powerful earners
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ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชืคืจื ืกื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:14
than the young men around them.
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ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ.
05:16
Now, I've just laid out the picture for you,
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ืขื“ ื›ื” ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘,
05:19
but I still haven't explained to you why this is happening.
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ืืš ื˜ืจื ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
05:22
And in a moment, I'm going to show you a graph,
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ื•ืžื™ื“ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื’ืจืฃ,
05:24
and what you'll see on this graph --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืชืจืื• ื‘ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” -
05:26
it begins in 1973,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-1973,
05:28
just before women start flooding the workforce,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืฃ ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:30
and it brings us up to our current day.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
05:33
And basically what you'll see
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื•
05:35
is what economists talk about
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืžืชืืจื™ื
05:37
as the polarization of the economy.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:39
Now what does that mean?
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?
05:41
It means that the economy is dividing into high-skill, high-wage jobs
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœื›ืœืชื ื• ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื›ืจ
05:44
and low-skill, low-wage jobs --
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ื•ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื“ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื›ืจ -
05:46
and that the middle, the middle-skill jobs,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช-ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
05:49
and the middle-earning jobs, are starting to drop out of the economy.
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ื•ืžืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช-ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ืžื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
05:52
This has been going on for 40 years now.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื” 40 ืฉื ื”.
05:54
But this process is affecting men
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
05:56
very differently than it's affecting women.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื.
05:58
You'll see the women in red, and you'll see the men in blue.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื•ื, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
06:01
You'll watch them both drop out of the middle class,
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™,
06:04
but see what happens to women and see what happens to men.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:08
There we go.
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ื”ื ื”.
06:10
So watch that. You see them both drop out of the middle class.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™.
06:13
Watch what happens to the women. Watch what happens to the men.
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ืจืื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื ืฉื™ื. ืจืื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:16
The men sort of stagnate there,
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื,
06:18
while the women zoom up in those high-skill jobs.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช-ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื.
06:20
So what's that about?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื” ืคื”?
06:22
It looks like women got some power boost on a video game,
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ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื—ืฉื‘,
06:25
or like they snuck in some secret serum into their birth-control pills
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ืื• ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื ืกื™ื•ื‘ ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช-ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ
06:28
that lets them shoot up high.
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ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืžืจื™ื ื›ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
06:30
But of course, it's not about that.
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ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:32
What it's about is that the economy has changed a lot.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืžืื“.
06:35
We used to have a manufacturing economy,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
06:37
which was about building goods and products,
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ืฉืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื,
06:39
and now we have a service economy
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
06:42
and an information and creative economy.
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ื•ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืขื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื”.
06:44
Those two economies require very different skills,
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ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื“.
06:47
and as it happens, women have been much better
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
06:49
at acquiring the new set of skills than men have been.
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ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:52
It used to be that you were
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš:
06:54
a guy who went to high school
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
06:56
who didn't have a college degree,
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ืœื ืกื™ื™ืžืช ืงื•ืœื’',
06:58
but you had a specific set of skills,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
07:00
and with the help of a union,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“
07:02
you could make yourself a pretty good middle-class life.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ื—ื™ื™ ืžืขืžื“-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืœื ืจืขื™ื.
07:04
But that really isn't true anymore.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ืš.
07:06
This new economy is pretty indifferent
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื“ื™ ืื“ื™ืฉื”
07:08
to size and strength,
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ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืœื›ื•ื—,
07:10
which is what's helped men along all these years.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:12
What the economy requires now
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืขืช
07:14
is a whole different set of skills.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
07:16
You basically need intelligence,
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ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”,
07:18
you need an ability to sit still and focus,
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ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“,
07:21
to communicate openly,
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ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช,
07:23
to be able to listen to people
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื
07:25
and to operate in a workplace that is much more fluid than it used to be,
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ื•ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื–ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
07:28
and those are things that women do extremely well,
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ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื”,
07:30
as we're seeing.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช.
07:32
If you look at management theory these days,
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ืื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:34
it used to be that our ideal leader
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•
07:36
sounded something like General Patton, right?
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ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ืคืื˜ื•ืŸ,
07:38
You would be issuing orders from above.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื”,
07:40
You would be very hierarchical.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™.
07:42
You would tell everyone below you what to do.
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ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:44
But that's not what an ideal leader is like now.
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ืืš ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
07:46
If you read management books now,
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ืื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืกืคืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื,
07:48
a leader is somebody who can foster creativity,
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคื— ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
07:51
who can get his -- get the employees -- see, I still say "his" --
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ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• - ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ -
07:54
who can get the employees to talk to each other,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื,
07:56
who can basically build teams and get them to be creative.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื.
07:59
And those are all things that women do very well.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
08:02
And then on top of that, that's created a kind of cascading effect.
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ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ืžื” ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืคืงื˜ ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ,
08:05
Women enter the workplace at the top,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคืกื’ื”,
08:07
and then at the working class,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
08:09
all the new jobs that are created
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช
08:11
are the kinds of jobs that wives used to do for free at home.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
08:14
So that's childcare,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
08:16
elder care and food preparation.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
08:18
So those are all the jobs that are growing,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื”,
08:20
and those are jobs that women tend to do.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
08:22
Now one day it might be
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ
08:24
that mothers will hire an out-of-work,
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ืฉืืžื”ื•ืช ืชืฉื›ื•ืจื ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœ,
08:27
middle-aged, former steelworker guy
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ืขื•ื‘ื“-ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื“ื”
08:29
to watch their children at home,
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ืฉื™ืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ,
08:31
and that would be good for the men, but that hasn't quite happened yet.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื˜ืจื ืงืจื”.
08:34
To see what's going to happen, you can't just look at the workforce that is now,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”, ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช
08:37
you have to look at our future workforce.
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ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื™ื•ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:40
And here the story is fairly simple.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืžื“ื™.
08:43
Women are getting college degrees
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืงื•ืœื’'
08:45
at a faster rate than men.
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:47
Why? This is a real mystery.
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ืžื“ื•ืข? ื–ื• ื—ื™ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
08:49
People have asked men, why don't they just go back to college,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฉืืœื•: ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ืœื’',
08:52
to community college, say, and retool themselves,
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืœืžื›ืœืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช,
08:54
learn a new set of skills?
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
08:56
Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable doing that.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“ ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:59
They're used to thinking of themselves as providers,
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ื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื,
09:01
and they can't seem to build the social networks
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
09:03
that allow them to get through college.
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื”ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื”.
09:05
So for some reason
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื•ื-ืžื”
09:07
men just don't end up going back to college.
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ืœื’'.
09:09
And what's even more disturbing
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“
09:11
is what's happening with younger boys.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื ืขืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:13
There's been about a decade of research
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ื ืขืจืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื
09:15
about what people are calling the "boy crisis."
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื".
09:17
Now the boy crisis is this idea
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•
09:19
that very young boys, for whatever reason,
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ืฉืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืื“, ืžืฉื•ื-ืžื”,
09:22
are doing worse in school than very young girls,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ืฉื’ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื“.
09:25
and people have theories about that.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš.
09:27
Is it because we have an excessively verbal curriculum,
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืžื“ื™,
09:29
and little girls are better at that than little boys?
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื?
09:31
Or that we require kids to sit still too much,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžื“ื™,
09:34
and so boys initially feel like failures?
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื ื›ืฉืœื•?
09:36
And some people say it's because,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืคื ื™
09:38
in 9th grade, boys start dropping out of school.
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ืฉื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื˜' ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก.
09:40
Because I'm writing a book about all this, I'm still looking into it,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ื–ืืช,
09:43
so I don't have the answer.
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ืื– ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
09:45
But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide education expert,
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ืืš ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืืคื ื” ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
09:48
who's my 10-year-old daughter, Noa,
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ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืช ื”-10, ื ื•ืขื”,
09:50
to talk to you about
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ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”
09:52
why the boys in her class do worse.
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชืชื” ื›ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื.
09:55
(Video) Noa: The girls are obviously smarter.
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[ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ:] ื ื•ืขื”: ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:57
I mean they have much larger vocabulary.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืื•ืฆืจ ืžืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
10:00
They learn much faster.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
10:02
They are more controlled.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
10:04
On the board today for losing recess tomorrow, only boys.
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ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื— ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ืžื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ื.
10:07
Hanna Rosin: And why is that?
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ื—ื ื” ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ: ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื›ืš?
10:09
Noa: Why? They were just not listening to the class
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ื ื•ืขื”: ืžื“ื•ืข? ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”
10:11
while the girls sat there very nicely.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
10:13
HR: So there you go.
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ื—"ืจ: ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”.
10:15
This whole thesis really came home to me
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ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื”
10:17
when I went to visit a college in Kansas City --
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ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ื‘ืงื ื–ืก ืกื™ื˜ื™ -
10:20
working-class college.
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ืงื•ืœื’' ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
10:22
Certainly, when I was in college, I had certain expectations about my life --
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’', ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ -
10:25
that my husband and I would both work,
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ืฉื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ ื ืขื‘ื•ื“,
10:28
and that we would equally raise the children.
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ื•ืฉื ื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
10:30
But these college girls
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืœื”
10:32
had a completely different view of their future.
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ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ืŸ ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
10:34
Basically, the way they said it to me is
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืืžืจื• ืœื™,
10:37
that they would be working 18 hours a day,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ื ื” 18 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”,
10:39
that their husband would maybe have a job,
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ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื‘ื“ื•,
10:41
but that mostly he would be at home taking care of the kiddies.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ื˜ืคืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ืจื™ื.
10:44
And this was kind of a shocker to me.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืœื.
10:46
And then here's my favorite quote from one of the girls:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ืžืคื™ ืื—ืช ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช:
10:48
"Men are the new ball and chain."
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"ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื–ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื."
10:51
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:54
Now you laugh,
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ืชืฆื—ืงื•,
10:56
but that quote has kind of a sting to it, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงืฅ ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ.
10:58
And I think the reason it has a sting
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขื•ืงืฅ
11:00
is because thousands of years of history
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
11:02
don't reverse themselves
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ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•
11:04
without a lot of pain,
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ืœืœื ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘.
11:06
and that's why I talk about
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš
11:08
us all going through this together.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
11:11
The night after I talked to these college girls,
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ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ืขื ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืœื”,
11:13
I also went to a men's group in Kansas,
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื ื–ืก,
11:15
and these were exactly the kind of victims of the manufacturing economy
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกื•ื’ ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
11:18
which I spoke to you about earlier.
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ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
11:20
They were men who had been contractors,
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืขื ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื
11:22
or they had been building houses
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ืื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื
11:24
and they had lost their jobs after the housing boom,
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ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”,
11:26
and they were in this group because they were failing to pay their child support.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืœื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:29
And the instructor was up there in the class
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ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืขืžื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”
11:31
explaining to them all the ways
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ื•ืชื™ืืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
11:33
in which they had lost their identity in this new age.
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
11:36
He was telling them they no longer had any moral authority,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช,
11:39
that nobody needed them for emotional support anymore,
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ืฉืื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช,
11:41
and they were not really the providers.
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ื•ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื”ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื.
11:43
So who were they?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื ื›ืŸ?
11:45
And this was very disheartening for them.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืžื“ื›ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื.
11:47
And what he did was he wrote down on the board
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—
11:49
"$85,000,"
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"85,000$"
11:51
and he said, "That's her salary,"
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœื”."
11:53
and then he wrote down "$12,000."
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืจืฉื "12,000$"
11:56
"That's your salary.
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"ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœื›ื.
11:58
So who's the man now?" he asked them.
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ืžื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจ?" ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื.
12:00
"Who's the damn man?
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"ืžื™ ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ?
12:02
She's the man now."
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•."
12:04
And that really sent a shudder through the room.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจืขื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืœื.
12:06
And that's part of the reason I like to talk about this,
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ื•ื–ื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
12:08
because I think it can be pretty painful,
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ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืื™ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™,
12:10
and we really have to work through it.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:12
And the other reason it's kind of urgent
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ
12:14
is because it's not just happening in the U.S.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
12:16
It's happening all over the world.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:18
In India, poor women are learning English
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
12:20
faster than their male counterparts
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ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื
12:22
in order to staff the new call centers
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
12:24
that are growing in India.
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
12:26
In China, a lot of the opening up of private entrepreneurship
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช
12:29
is happening because women are starting businesses,
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ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื,
12:31
small businesses, faster than men.
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ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
12:33
And here's my favorite example, which is in South Korea.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™, ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
12:36
Over several decades,
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ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
12:38
South Korea built one of the most patriarchal societies we know about.
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ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืคื˜ืจื™ืืจื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•.
12:41
They basically enshrined the second-class status of women
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื™ื“ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžื™ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื”
12:45
in the civil code.
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ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
12:47
And if women failed to birth male children,
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ื•ืื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืœื“ืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื,
12:49
they were basically treated like domestic servants.
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ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจืชื•ืช.
12:52
And sometimes family would pray to the spirits to kill off a girl child
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืคืœืœื•ืช ืœืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช
12:55
so they could have a male child.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื“ืช ื–ื›ืจ.
12:57
But over the '70s and '80s,
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ืืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ื•ื”-80,
12:59
the South Korea government decided they wanted to rapidly industrialize,
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ,
13:02
and so what they did was,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•
13:04
they started to push women into the workforce.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:06
Now they've been asking a question since 1985:
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื– 1985:
13:09
"How strongly do you prefer a first-born son?"
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"ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืืชื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ?"
13:11
And now look at the chart.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
13:13
That's from 1985 to 2003.
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ื”ื™ื ืž-1985 ื•ืขื“ 2003.
13:16
How much do you prefer a first-born son?
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืืชื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ?
13:18
So you can see that these economic changes
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
13:20
really do have a strong effect on our culture.
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ื™ืฉ ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื•.
13:23
Now because we haven't fully processed this information,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื ืขื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
13:26
it's kind of coming back to us in our pop culture
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืค ืฉืœื ื•
13:28
in these kind of weird and exaggerated ways,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
13:31
where you can see that the stereotypes are changing.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
13:34
And so we have on the male side
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ืื– ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื
13:36
what one of my colleagues likes to call the "omega males" popping up,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™ "ื–ื›ืจื™ ืื•ืžื’ื”",
13:39
who are the males who are romantically challenged losers
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืชื’ืจื™ื-ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช
13:41
who can't find a job.
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ื•ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:43
And they come up in lots of different forms.
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
13:46
So we have the perpetual adolescent.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™.
13:49
We have the charmless misanthrope.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืฉื•ื ื-ื”ืื“ื ื”ื“ื•ื—ื”,
13:52
Then we have our Bud Light guy
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”,
13:54
who's the happy couch potato.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืจ-ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ.
13:56
And then here's a shocker: even America's most sexiest man alive,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžื–ืขื–ืข: ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืกืงืกื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
13:59
the sexiest man alive
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืกืงืกื™
14:01
gets romantically played these days in a movie.
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ืžื’ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜.
14:03
And then on the female side, you have the opposite,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ืงื‘ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืคืš,
14:06
in which you have these crazy superhero women.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช-ื”ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช.
14:09
You've got Lady Gaga.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื’ื”.
14:12
You've got our new James Bond, who's Angelina Jolie.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื’'ืœื™ื ื” ื’'ื•ืœื™.
14:15
And it's not just for the young, right?
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ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช.
14:18
Even Helen Mirren can hold a gun these days.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
14:21
And so it feels like we have to move from this place
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ื›ืš ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”
14:24
where we've got these uber-exaggerated images
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ืขื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื–ืžื™ื,
14:27
into something that feels a little more normal.
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
14:30
So for a long time in the economic sphere,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
14:32
we've lived with the term "glass ceiling."
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืชืงืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช".
14:34
Now I've never really liked this term.
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ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื–ื”.
14:36
For one thing, it puts men and women
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื
14:38
in a really antagonistic relationship with one another,
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ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื™ืจื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขื ืืœื”,
14:41
because the men are these devious tricksters up there
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ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”,
14:43
who've put up this glass ceiling.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ืชืงืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
14:45
And we're always below the glass ceiling, the women.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื”.
14:48
And we have a lot of skill and experience,
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ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ,
14:51
but it's a trick, so how are you supposed to prepare
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื”. ืื™ืš ืืช ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
14:53
to get through that glass ceiling?
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืชืงืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช?
14:55
And also, "shattering the glass ceiling" is a terrible phrase.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ืชืงืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช" ื”ื•ื ืื™ื•ื.
14:58
What crazy person
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ืžื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ
15:00
would pop their head through a glass ceiling?
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ืฉื™ืชืงืข ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื“ืจืš ืชืงืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช?
15:02
So the image that I like to think of,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™,
15:04
instead of glass ceiling,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื "ืชืงืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช",
15:06
is the high bridge.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื™.
15:08
It's definitely terrifying to stand at the foot of a high bridge,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื’ืฉืจ ืชืœื•ื™,
15:11
but it's also pretty exhilarating,
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ืืš ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืจื’ืฉ ืžืื“,
15:13
because it's beautiful up there,
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ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื™ืคื” ืžืื“,
15:15
and you're looking out on a beautiful view.
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ื•ื ืฉืงืฃ ื ื•ืฃ ื ืคืœื.
15:18
And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass ceiling.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืชืงืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช.
15:21
There's no man or woman standing in the middle
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ื‘ืจ ืื• ืืฉื” ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš
15:23
about to cut the cables.
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ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื.
15:25
There's no hole in the middle that you're going to fall through.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš, ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื“ืจื›ื•.
15:27
And the great thing is that you can take anyone along with you.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื›ื ืœื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
15:30
You can bring your husband along.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœ.
15:32
You can bring your friends, or your colleagues,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื, ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
15:34
or your babysitter to walk along with you.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืจื˜ืคื™ื, ืฉื™ืชืœื•ื• ืืœื™ืš.
15:36
And husbands can drag their wives across, if their wives don't feel ready.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช.
15:39
But the point about the high bridge
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ืืš ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื™
15:41
is that you have to have the confidence
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
15:43
to know that you deserve to be on that bridge,
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ืฉื–ื›ื•ืชืš ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”,
15:45
that you have all the skills and experience you need
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื
15:48
in order to walk across the high bridge,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื™,
15:51
but you just have to make the decision
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ืขืœื™ืš ืจืง ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”
15:53
to take the first step and do it.
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ืœืคืกื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
15:55
Thanks very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:57
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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