Hanna Rosin: New data on the rise of women

Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment

Danas prolazimo kroz zapanjujući trenutak bez presedana

where the power dynamics between men and women

u kojem se dinamika moći između muškaraca i žena

are shifting very rapidly,

mijenja vrlo brzo.

and in many of the places where it counts the most,

U mnogim mjestima gdje je to najvažnije,

women are, in fact, taking control of everything.

žene, zapravo, preuzimaju kontrolu nad svime.

In my mother's day, she didn't go to college.

U vrijeme moje majke, ona nije išla na fakultet.

Not a lot of women did.

Mnogo žena nije.

And now, for every two men who get a college degree,

A sada, na svaka dva muškarca koji dobiju fakultetsku diplomu,

three women will do the same.

diplomu dobiju tri žene.

Women, for the first time this year,

Žene su, po prvi puta ove godine,

became the majority of the American workforce.

postale većina u američkoj radnoj snazi.

And they're starting to dominate lots of professions --

Počinju dominirati mnogim zanimanjima --

doctors, lawyers,

liječničkim, odvjetničkim,

bankers, accountants.

bankarskim, knjigovodstvenim.

Over 50 percent of managers are women these days,

Ovih dana imamo preko 50 posto žena menadžera.

and in the 15 professions

A u 15 zanimanja

projected to grow the most in the next decade,

za koje se predviđa najveći rast u idućem desetljeću,

all but two of them are dominated by women.

u svima osim u dva dominiraju žene.

So the global economy is becoming a place

Tako da globalna ekonomija postaje mjesto

where women are more successful than men,

u kojem su žene uspješnije nego muškarci,

believe it or not,

vjerovali ili ne,

and these economic changes

i ove ekonomske promjene

are starting to rapidly affect our culture --

počinju brzo utjecati na našu kulturu --

what our romantic comedies look like,

na to kako izgledaju romantične komedije,

what our marriages look like,

kako nam izgledaju brakovi,

what our dating lives look like,

kako izgleda život onih koji izlaze na sastanke,

and our new set of superheroes.

i novi niz superheroja.

For a long time, this is the image of American manhood that dominated --

Dugo je vremena ova slika američke muškosti dominirala --

tough, rugged,

tvrd, grub,

in control of his own environment.

čovjek koji vlada svojom okolinom.

A few years ago, the Marlboro Man was retired

Prije nekoliko godina, Marlboro tip je umirovljen

and replaced by this

i zamijenjen ovim,

much less impressive specimen,

puno manje impresivnim primjerkom,

who is a parody of American manhood,

koji je parodija američke muškosti.

and that's what we have in our commercials today.

I to je ono što danas imamo u našim reklamama.

The phrase "first-born son"

Izraz prvorođeni sin

is so deeply ingrained in our consciousness

je toliko duboko usađen u našu svijest

that this statistic alone shocked me.

da me je šokirala i ova statistika sama po sebi.

In American fertility clinics,

U američkim klinikama za oplodnju,

75 percent of couples

75 posto parova

are requesting girls and not boys.

traže djevojčice, a ne dječake.

And in places where you wouldn't think,

A na mjestima gdje to ne biste očekivali,

such as South Korea, India and China,

kao u južnoj Koreji, Indiji i Kini,

the very strict patriarchal societies

vrlo stroga patrijarhalna društva

are starting to break down a little,

se počinju pomalo slamati,

and families are no longer

i obitelji više ne preferiraju

strongly preferring first-born sons.

tako snažno sinove kao prvorođene.

If you think about this, if you just open your eyes to this possibility

Ako razmislite o tome, ako se samo otvorite prema ovoj mogućnosti

and start to connect the dots,

i počnete povezivati točkice,

you can see the evidence everywhere.

možete posvuda vidjeti dokaz.

You can see it in college graduation patterns,

Možete ga vidjeti u obrascima diplomiranja,

in job projections,

u predviđanjima radnih mjesta,

in our marriage statistics,

u statistici naših brakova,

you can see it in the Icelandic elections, which you'll hear about later,

možete ga vidjeti na islandskim izborima, o čemu ćete kasnije čuti,

and you can see it on South Korean surveys on son preference,

i možete vidjeti u južnokorejskim anketama o spolu prvog djeteta,

that something amazing and unprecedented

da se nešto zapanjujuće i bez presedana

is happening with women.

događa sa ženama.

Certainly this is not the first time that we've had great progress with women.

Svakako ovo nije prvi puta da smo ostvarili veliki napredak sa ženama.

The '20s and the '60s also come to mind.

Padaju nam na pamet i 20-te i 60-te.

But the difference is that, back then,

Ali razlika je u tome da je to, onda,

it was driven by a very passionate feminist movement

bilo pokretano strastvenim feminističkim pokretom

that was trying to project its own desires,

koji je pokušavao projicirati svoje vlastite želje,

whereas this time, it's not about passion,

dok ovoga puta nije riječ o strasti,

and it's not about any kind of movement.

i nije riječ ni o kakvom pokretu.

This is really just about the facts

Ovdje se stvarno radi samo o činjenici

of this economic moment that we live in.

ekonomskog trenutka u kojem živimo.

The 200,000-year period

Razdoblje od 200.000 godina

in which men have been top dog

u kojemu su muškarci bili glavni

is truly coming to an end, believe it or not,

doista se primiče kraju, vjerovali ili ne,

and that's why I talk about the "end of men."

i zbog toga ja govorim o kraju muškaraca.

Now all you men out there,

Sad, svi vi muški ovdje,

this is not the moment where you tune out or throw some tomatoes,

ovo nije trenutak u kojemu se vi isključite ili bacate rajčice,

because the point is that this

jer je bit u tome

is happening to all of us.

da se ovo događa svima nama.

I myself have a husband and a father

I sama imam supruga i oca

and two sons whom I dearly love.

i dva sina koje silno volim.

And this is why I like to talk about this,

I zato volim govoriti o ovome,

because if we don't acknowledge it,

jer ako ne priznamo situaciju,

then the transition will be pretty painful.

tada će tranzicija biti prilično bolna.

But if we do take account of it,

No, ako je shvatimo,

then I think it will go much more smoothly.

tada mislim da će proći puno mekše.

I first started thinking about this about a year and a half ago.

Prvi puta sam počela razmišljati o ovome prije godinu i pol dana.

I was reading headlines about the recession just like anyone else,

Čitala sam naslove o recesiji kao i svi drugi,

and I started to notice a distinct pattern --

i počela sam primjećivati izraziti obrazac --

that the recession was affecting men

da recesija muškarce pogađa

much more deeply than it was affecting women.

puno dublje nego što pogađa žene.

And I remembered back to about 10 years ago

I sjećam se vremena otprije 10 godina

when I read a book by Susan Faludi

kad sam čitala knjigu Susane Faludi

called "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man,"

po nazivu „Prevareni: Izdaja američkog muškarca"

in which she described how hard the recession had hit men,

u kojoj je objasnila kako je teško recesija pogodila muškarce.

and I started to think about

I počela sam razmišljati o tome

whether it had gotten worse this time around in this recession.

da li se stvar pogoršala ovoga puta, u ovoj recesiji.

And I realized that two things were different this time around.

I shvatila sam da su dvije stvari različite ovoga puta.

The first was that

Prva je ta

these were no longer just temporary hits

da ovo više nisu samo privremeni udarci

that the recession was giving men --

koje recesija zadaje muškarcima --

that this was reflecting a deeper

da ovo odražava dublju

underlying shift in our global economy.

pozadinsku promjenu u globalnoj ekonomiji.

And second, that the story was no longer

A drugo, da priča više nije

just about the crisis of men,

samo o krizi muškaraca,

but it was also about what was happening to women.

već je i o tome što se događa ženama.

And now look at this second set of slides.

Pogledajte sada na drugi niz slajdova.

These are headlines about what's been going on with women in the next few years.

Ovo su naslovi o tome što se događa sa ženama u idućih nekoliko godina.

These are things we never could have imagined a few years ago.

Ovo nismo mogli ni zamisliti prije nekoliko godina.

Women, a majority of the workplace.

Žene, većina radne snage.

And labor statistics: women take up most managerial jobs.

I statistika rada: žene dobivaju većinu menadžerskih poslova.

This second set of headlines --

Drugi niz slajdova:

you can see that families and marriages are starting to shift.

vidite da se obitelji i brakovi pomjeraju.

And look at that last headline --

A pogledajte posljednji naslov:

young women earning more than young men.

mlade žene zarađuju više od mladih muškaraca.

That particular headline comes to me from a market research firm.

Ovaj naslov mi dolazi od tvrtke za istraživanje tržišta.

They were basically asked by one of their clients

Njih su njihovi klijenti, u biti, pitali

who was going to buy houses in that neighborhood in the future.

tko će kupovati kuće u toj četvrti u budućnosti.

And they expected that it would be young families,

Očekivali su da će to biti mlade obitelji,

or young men, just like it had always been.

ili mladi muškarci, kako je to oduvijek bilo.

But in fact, they found something very surprising.

No, zapravo su otkrili nešto iznenađujuće.

It was young, single women

Mlade su žene, neudane,

who were the major purchasers of houses in the neighborhood.

bile glavni kupci kuća u četvrti.

And so they decided, because they were intrigued by this finding,

Pa su odlučili, zainteresirani ovim nalazom,

to do a nationwide survey.

provesti istraživanje u cijeloj zemlji.

So they spread out all the census data,

Pa su raširili sve podatke iz popisa stanovništva,

and what they found, the guy described to me as a shocker,

a ono što su otkrili, što mi je tip objasnio kao šokantno,

which is that in 1,997

je to da u 1.997

out of 2,000 communities,

od 2.000 zajednica,

women, young women,

žene, mlade žene,

were making more money than young men.

zarađuju više od mladih muškaraca.

So here you have a generation of young women

Pa imate naraštaj mladih žena

who grow up thinking of themselves

koje odrastaju smatrajući se

as being more powerful earners

ostvarivačicama boljih prihoda

than the young men around them.

nego što su to mladi muškarci oko njih.

Now, I've just laid out the picture for you,

Sada sam vam samo podastrla sliku,

but I still haven't explained to you why this is happening.

ali vam još nisam objasnila zašto se ovo događa.

And in a moment, I'm going to show you a graph,

Za trenutak ću vam pokazati grafikon,

and what you'll see on this graph --

i na tom grafikonu ćete vidjeti --

it begins in 1973,

on počinje u 1973. godini,

just before women start flooding the workforce,

neposredno prije nego što se žene počinju masovno zapošljavati,

and it brings us up to our current day.

i ide sve do današnjeg dana.

And basically what you'll see

U suštini, ovo što ćete vidjeti

is what economists talk about

je ono o čemu ekonomisti govore

as the polarization of the economy.

kao o polarizaciji ekonomije.

Now what does that mean?

No što to znači?

It means that the economy is dividing into high-skill, high-wage jobs

To znači da se ekonomija dijeli na visokostručne poslove s visokom plaćom

and low-skill, low-wage jobs --

i nekvalificirane poslove s malom plaćom --

and that the middle, the middle-skill jobs,

a da poslovi srednjeg ranga,

and the middle-earning jobs, are starting to drop out of the economy.

poslovi s osrednjim zaradama počinju nestajati iz gospodarstva.

This has been going on for 40 years now.

Ovo se odvija već 40 godina.

But this process is affecting men

Ali ovaj proces pogađa muškarce

very differently than it's affecting women.

drugačije nego što pogađa žene.

You'll see the women in red, and you'll see the men in blue.

Vidjet ćete žene prikazane crveno i muškarce u plavom.

You'll watch them both drop out of the middle class,

Promatrat ćete kako oboje ispadaju iz srednje klase,

but see what happens to women and see what happens to men.

ali pogledajte što se događa ženama, a što muškarcima.

There we go.

Idemo.

So watch that. You see them both drop out of the middle class.

Gledajte. Vidite da oboje nestaju iz srednje klase.

Watch what happens to the women. Watch what happens to the men.

Gledajte što se događa ženama. Gledajte što se događa muškarcima.

The men sort of stagnate there,

Muškarci nekako stagniraju ovdje,

while the women zoom up in those high-skill jobs.

dok se žene uspinju u ovim visokokvalificiranim poslovima.

So what's that about?

O čemu se tu radi?

It looks like women got some power boost on a video game,

Izgleda kao da su žene dobile energetsku pilulu u video igri,

or like they snuck in some secret serum into their birth-control pills

ili da su ubacile neki tajni serum u pilule protiv začeća

that lets them shoot up high.

koji im omogućava visok uzlet.

But of course, it's not about that.

Ali naravno, nije riječ o tome.

What it's about is that the economy has changed a lot.

Riječ je o tome da se ekonomija jako promijenila.

We used to have a manufacturing economy,

Imali smo proizvođačku ekonomiju,

which was about building goods and products,

koja se temeljila na izradi proizvoda i dobara,

and now we have a service economy

a danas imamo uslužnu ekonomiju,

and an information and creative economy.

informacijsku i kreativnu ekonomiju.

Those two economies require very different skills,

Te dvije ekonomije zahtijevaju vrlo različite vještine.

and as it happens, women have been much better

I kako se čini, žene su mnogo bolje

at acquiring the new set of skills than men have been.

u usvajanju novih vještina nego što su to muškarci.

It used to be that you were

Nekada je bilo tako

a guy who went to high school

da ste bili muškarac koji je završio srednju školu

who didn't have a college degree,

i nije imao fakultetsku diplomu,

but you had a specific set of skills,

ali je imao određene vještine,

and with the help of a union,

i, uz pomoć sindikata,

you could make yourself a pretty good middle-class life.

mogao si je osigurati sasvim dobar život srednjeg sloja.

But that really isn't true anymore.

To zaista više nije istina.

This new economy is pretty indifferent

Ova nova ekonomija je prilično nezainteresirana

to size and strength,

za veličinu i snagu,

which is what's helped men along all these years.

koje su bile ono što je muškarcima pomagalo sve te godine.

What the economy requires now

Ono što gospodarstvo danas traži

is a whole different set of skills.

je sasvim drukčiji skup vještina.

You basically need intelligence,

Trebate inteligenciju,

you need an ability to sit still and focus,

sposobnost da se umirite i usredotočite,

to communicate openly,

da komunicirate otvoreno

to be able to listen to people

kako biste mogli slušati ljude

and to operate in a workplace that is much more fluid than it used to be,

i raditi u radnom okružju koje je puno fluidnije nego što je to nekad bilo.

and those are things that women do extremely well,

A to su stvari koje žene čine izuzetno dobro,

as we're seeing.

kao što se vidi.

If you look at management theory these days,

Ako pogledate teoriju upravljanja ovih dana,

it used to be that our ideal leader

nekad je idealni vođa

sounded something like General Patton, right?

zvučao nešto poput generala Pattona, zar ne.

You would be issuing orders from above.

Zapovijedi su stizale odozgo.

You would be very hierarchical.

Postojala je stroga hijerarhija.

You would tell everyone below you what to do.

Govorili biste svima ispod vas što imaju raditi.

But that's not what an ideal leader is like now.

Ali danas idealni lider ne izgleda tako.

If you read management books now,

Ako danas čitate knjige o upravljanju,

a leader is somebody who can foster creativity,

vođa je onaj tko zna potaknuti kreativnost,

who can get his -- get the employees -- see, I still say "his" --

koji može potaknuti – potaknuti njegove zaposlene – vidite, još uvijek govorim „njegove“ --

who can get the employees to talk to each other,

koji može potaknuti djelatnike da međusobno razgovaraju,

who can basically build teams and get them to be creative.

koji može sklopiti timove i učiniti ih kreativnim.

And those are all things that women do very well.

A sve su to stvari koje žene rade vrlo dobro.

And then on top of that, that's created a kind of cascading effect.

A povrh svega toga, ovo proizvodi povezani učinak.

Women enter the workplace at the top,

Žene se zapošljavaju na vrhu,

and then at the working class,

a tada na razini radničke klase,

all the new jobs that are created

svi novi poslovi koji nastaju

are the kinds of jobs that wives used to do for free at home.

su poslovi kakve su supruge radile besplatno kod kuće.

So that's childcare,

To je briga o djeci,

elder care and food preparation.

briga o starijima i priprema hrane.

So those are all the jobs that are growing,

I to su poslovi čija potražnja raste,

and those are jobs that women tend to do.

to su poslovi koje obično rade žene.

Now one day it might be

Možda će se jednog dana dogoditi

that mothers will hire an out-of-work,

da će majke zaposliti srednjovječnog,

middle-aged, former steelworker guy

nezaposlenog, nekadašnjeg radnika u čeličani

to watch their children at home,

da im kod kuće pazi na djecu,

and that would be good for the men, but that hasn't quite happened yet.

i to bi bilo dobro za muškarce, ali to se još nije dogodilo.

To see what's going to happen, you can't just look at the workforce that is now,

Da biste vidjeli što će se dogoditi, ne možete samo promatrati današnju radnu snagu,

you have to look at our future workforce.

morate gledati i našu buduću radnu snagu.

And here the story is fairly simple.

A ovdje je priča prilično jednostavna.

Women are getting college degrees

Žene dobivaju fakultetske diplome

at a faster rate than men.

bržim tempom nego muškarci.

Why? This is a real mystery.

Zašto? Ovo je prava tajna.

People have asked men, why don't they just go back to college,

Muškarce se pita, zašto se naprosto ne vratite na fakultet,

to community college, say, and retool themselves,

večernju školu, na primjer, i prekvalificirate se,

learn a new set of skills?

naučite nove vještine.

Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable doing that.

Ispostavlja se da su muškarci vrlo neskloni tako nečemu.

They're used to thinking of themselves as providers,

Naučili su o sebi misliti kao o onima o kojima obitelj ovisi,

and they can't seem to build the social networks

i čini se da ne mogu izgraditi društvene mreže

that allow them to get through college.

koje im omogućavaju da završe fakultet.

So for some reason

Dakle, iz nekog razloga

men just don't end up going back to college.

muškarci se naprosto ne vraćaju na fakultet.

And what's even more disturbing

Ono što je još više uznemirujuće

is what's happening with younger boys.

je ono što se događa s mlađim dječacima.

There's been about a decade of research

Imamo čitavo desetljeće istraživanja

about what people are calling the "boy crisis."

onoga što se naziva dječačkom krizom.

Now the boy crisis is this idea

Dječačka kriza je ideja

that very young boys, for whatever reason,

da vrlo mladi dječaci, iz kojeg god razloga,

are doing worse in school than very young girls,

u školi prolaze lošije nego vrlo mlade djevojčice.

and people have theories about that.

I ljudi imaju teorije o tome.

Is it because we have an excessively verbal curriculum,

Je li to zato što nam je nastavni program previše verbalan,

and little girls are better at that than little boys?

a djevojčice su u tome bolje od dječaka?

Or that we require kids to sit still too much,

Ili zato što zahtijevamo od djece da mirno sjede previše vremena,

and so boys initially feel like failures?

pa se dječaci već u početku osjećaju neuspješnima?

And some people say it's because,

Neki kažu da je razlog,

in 9th grade, boys start dropping out of school.

što u 9. razredu dječaci počinju napuštati školu.

Because I'm writing a book about all this, I'm still looking into it,

Kako pišem knjigu o svemu ovome, još uvijek to istražujem,

so I don't have the answer.

pa nemam odgovor.

But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide education expert,

No, u međuvremenu, pozvat ću svjetskog obrazovnog stručnjaka,

who's my 10-year-old daughter, Noa,

a to je moja desetogodišnja kći, Noah,

to talk to you about

koja će vam pričati o tome

why the boys in her class do worse.

zašto dječaci u njezinom razredu prolaze lošije.

(Video) Noa: The girls are obviously smarter.

(Video) Noah: Djevojčice su očito pametnije.

I mean they have much larger vocabulary.

Misim, imaju puno veći rječnik.

They learn much faster.

Puno brže uče.

They are more controlled.

One bolje vladaju sobom.

On the board today for losing recess tomorrow, only boys.

Na današnjem popisu onih koji sutra gube pravo na odmor, samo dječaci.

Hanna Rosin: And why is that?

Hanna Rosin: A zašto je to tako?

Noa: Why? They were just not listening to the class

Noah: Zašto? Oni naprosto nisu slušali na satu

while the girls sat there very nicely.

dok su djevojčice lijepo sjedile.

HR: So there you go.

HR: Eto vidite.

This whole thesis really came home to me

Čitava teza mi se objasnila

when I went to visit a college in Kansas City --

kad sam pošla u posjet fakultetu u Kansas Cityju --

working-class college.

koledžu radničke klase.

Certainly, when I was in college, I had certain expectations about my life --

Dok sam ja bila na fakultetu, svakako sam imala određena očekivanja od života --

that my husband and I would both work,

da ćemo i suprug i ja oboje raditi,

and that we would equally raise the children.

i da ćemo podjednako odgajati djecu.

But these college girls

Ali ove studentice

had a completely different view of their future.

su imale posve drugačiji pogled na svoju budućnost.

Basically, the way they said it to me is

Ono kako su to meni objasnile je,

that they would be working 18 hours a day,

da će raditi 18 sati dnevno,

that their husband would maybe have a job,

da će im suprug možda imati posao,

but that mostly he would be at home taking care of the kiddies.

no da će uglavnom biti kod kuće vodeći brigu o mačićima.

And this was kind of a shocker to me.

I to mi je bilo šokantno.

And then here's my favorite quote from one of the girls:

A ovo je moj najdraži citat jedne od djevojaka:

"Men are the new ball and chain."

"Muškarci su nova kugla na lancu."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now you laugh,

Vi se smijete,

but that quote has kind of a sting to it, right?

ali taj navod ima i žalac u sebi, da.

And I think the reason it has a sting

A razlog zašto mislim da ima žalac

is because thousands of years of history

je u tome što se tisuće godina povijesti

don't reverse themselves

ne mogu preokrenuti

without a lot of pain,

bez puno patnje.

and that's why I talk about

I zato govorim

us all going through this together.

da svi kroz ovo prolazimo zajedno.

The night after I talked to these college girls,

Istu večer nakon razgovora sa studenticama,

I also went to a men's group in Kansas,

pošla sam i na muški skup u Kansasu.

and these were exactly the kind of victims of the manufacturing economy

Bile su to točno onakve žrtve proizvodne ekonomije,

which I spoke to you about earlier.

o kojima sam vam govorila ranije.

They were men who had been contractors,

Ti su muškarci radili kao kooperanti,

or they had been building houses

ili su zidali kuće

and they had lost their jobs after the housing boom,

i izgubili su posao nakon eksplozije nekretnina,

and they were in this group because they were failing to pay their child support.

i našli su se u ovoj grupi podrške jer nisu mogli plaćati alimentaciju za svoju djecu.

And the instructor was up there in the class

Tamo je bio i instruktor

explaining to them all the ways

koji im je objašnjavao na koje su sve načine

in which they had lost their identity in this new age.

izgubili svoj identitet u ovom novom vremenu.

He was telling them they no longer had any moral authority,

Govorio im je da više nemaju nikakvog moralnog autoriteta,

that nobody needed them for emotional support anymore,

da ih više nitko ne treba za emocionalnu podršku,

and they were not really the providers.

i da zapravo više nisu oni ti koji osiguravaju obitelj.

So who were they?

Pa tko su onda?

And this was very disheartening for them.

To im je bilo vrlo demoralizirajuće.

And what he did was he wrote down on the board

Ono što je instruktor učinio, napisao je na ploči

"$85,000,"

$85.000,

and he said, "That's her salary,"

i rekao, „To je njezina plaća“.

and then he wrote down "$12,000."

A zatim je napisao $12.000.

"That's your salary.

"To je vaša plaća.

So who's the man now?" he asked them.

Pa, tko je sada muško?“, upitao ih je.

"Who's the damn man?

"Tko je prokleto muško?

She's the man now."

Ona je sada muško."

And that really sent a shudder through the room.

I ovo je izazvalo drhtavicu u prostoriji.

And that's part of the reason I like to talk about this,

Dio razloga zašto volim pričati o ovome je taj

because I think it can be pretty painful,

što mislim da ovo može biti vrlo bolno,

and we really have to work through it.

i zaista se moramo potruditi oko toga.

And the other reason it's kind of urgent

A drugi razlog zašto je ovo hitno

is because it's not just happening in the U.S.

je u tome što se ovo ne događa samo u SAD-u.

It's happening all over the world.

Događa se širom svijeta.

In India, poor women are learning English

U Indiji, siromašne žene uče engleski

faster than their male counterparts

brže od svojih muških vršnjaka

in order to staff the new call centers

kako bi se zaposlile u novim call centrima

that are growing in India.

koji su u porastu u Indiji.

In China, a lot of the opening up of private entrepreneurship

U Kini, velik dio novih privatnih poduzeća

is happening because women are starting businesses,

nastaje zato što žene osnivaju tvrtke,

small businesses, faster than men.

male tvrtke, brže od muškaraca.

And here's my favorite example, which is in South Korea.

A ovo je moj najdraži primjer, iz Južne Koreje.

Over several decades,

Tijekom nekoliko desetljeća,

South Korea built one of the most patriarchal societies we know about.

Južna Koreja je stvorila jedno od najpatrijarhalnijih društava za koje znamo.

They basically enshrined the second-class status of women

Oni su, u suštini, ugradili drugorazredni status žena

in the civil code.

u građanski zakon.

And if women failed to birth male children,

Ako bi žena propustila roditi mušku djecu,

they were basically treated like domestic servants.

tretirali su je kao kućnu poslugu.

And sometimes family would pray to the spirits to kill off a girl child

A katkada se obitelj molila duhovima da ubiju žensko dijete

so they could have a male child.

kako bi mogli dobiti dječaka.

But over the '70s and '80s,

Ali tijekom 70-tih i 80-tih,

the South Korea government decided they wanted to rapidly industrialize,

vlada Južne Koreje je odlučila da se žele brzo industrijalizirati,

and so what they did was,

pa su učinili to,

they started to push women into the workforce.

da su počeli gurati žene u radnu snagu.

Now they've been asking a question since 1985:

Ovo pitanje im postavljaju od 1985:

"How strongly do you prefer a first-born son?"

"Koliko vam je važno da vam je prvo dijete sin?"

And now look at the chart.

Pogledajte na prikaz.

That's from 1985 to 2003.

Ovo je razdoblje od 1985. do 2003.

How much do you prefer a first-born son?

Koliko je važno da vam je prvo dijete sin?

So you can see that these economic changes

Pa vidite da ove ekonomske promjene

really do have a strong effect on our culture.

zaista imaju snažan utjecaj na našu kulturu.

Now because we haven't fully processed this information,

Budući da nismo sasvim probavili ove informacije,

it's kind of coming back to us in our pop culture

na neki način nam se vraćaju kroz pop kulturu

in these kind of weird and exaggerated ways,

na različite čudne i pretjerane načine,

where you can see that the stereotypes are changing.

gdje možete vidjeti da se stereotipi mijenjaju.

And so we have on the male side

Pa sad imamo na muškoj strani,

what one of my colleagues likes to call the "omega males" popping up,

pojavljivanje onoga što jedan moj kolega naziva „omega muškarcima“,

who are the males who are romantically challenged losers

a to su muškarci koji su romantično nesnalažljivi gubitnici

who can't find a job.

koji ne mogu naći posao.

And they come up in lots of different forms.

A pojavljuju se u najrazličitijim oblicima.

So we have the perpetual adolescent.

Pa imamo vječitog adolescenta.

We have the charmless misanthrope.

Imamo čovjekomrsca bez šarma.

Then we have our Bud Light guy

Pa imamo tipa koji pije pivo s manje alkohola

who's the happy couch potato.

koji je zadovoljni ležač na kauču.

And then here's a shocker: even America's most sexiest man alive,

A tu je i šok: čak i najseksipilniji živi Amerikanac,

the sexiest man alive

najseksipilniji živi muškarac

gets romantically played these days in a movie.

ovih dana je emocionalno iskorišten u filmu.

And then on the female side, you have the opposite,

A na ženskoj strani, imate obrnuto,

in which you have these crazy superhero women.

imate te lude superjunakinje.

You've got Lady Gaga.

Imate Lady Gagu.

You've got our new James Bond, who's Angelina Jolie.

Imate novog Jamesa Bonda, a to je Angelina Jolie.

And it's not just for the young, right?

I nije to samo za mlade, da.

Even Helen Mirren can hold a gun these days.

Čak i Helen Mirren ovih dana zna držati pištolj.

And so it feels like we have to move from this place

Pa se čini da se moramo maknuti iz ove situacije

where we've got these uber-exaggerated images

u kojoj imate te uber-pretjerane prikaze,

into something that feels a little more normal.

u nešto što izgleda malo normalnije.

So for a long time in the economic sphere,

Dugo smo vremena u ekonomskoj sferi,

we've lived with the term "glass ceiling."

živjeli s pojmom stakleni plafon.

Now I've never really liked this term.

Nikada nisam stvarno voljela taj izraz.

For one thing, it puts men and women

S jedne strane, on muškarce i žene

in a really antagonistic relationship with one another,

zapravo dovodi u međusoban sukob,

because the men are these devious tricksters up there

jer su muškarci ti varljivi manipulatori

who've put up this glass ceiling.

koji su postavili taj stakleni plafon.

And we're always below the glass ceiling, the women.

A mi smo uvijek ispod tog staklenog plafona, mi žene.

And we have a lot of skill and experience,

Mi imamo puno znanja i iskustva,

but it's a trick, so how are you supposed to prepare

ali je riječ o triku, pa kako se osoba može pripremiti

to get through that glass ceiling?

za proboj tog staklenog plafona.

And also, "shattering the glass ceiling" is a terrible phrase.

Isto tako, razbijanje staklenog plafona je užasna fraza.

What crazy person

Koji bi to luđak

would pop their head through a glass ceiling?

probijao stakleni plafon glavom?

So the image that I like to think of,

Pa je predodžba o kojoj volim razmišljati,

instead of glass ceiling,

umjesto staklenog plafona,

is the high bridge.

jedan visoki most.

It's definitely terrifying to stand at the foot of a high bridge,

Definitivno je zastrašujuće stajati u podnožju visokog mosta,

but it's also pretty exhilarating,

ali je također i uzbudljivo,

because it's beautiful up there,

jer je lijepo ondje gore,

and you're looking out on a beautiful view.

i odatle se pruža lijep pogled.

And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass ceiling.

A najbolja stvar u tome je što nema trika poput staklenog plafona.

There's no man or woman standing in the middle

Nema muškarca ili žene koji stoji u sredini

about to cut the cables.

i sprema se presjeći sajle.

There's no hole in the middle that you're going to fall through.

Nema rupe u sredini kroz koju ćete propasti.

And the great thing is that you can take anyone along with you.

I odlična je stvar da možete sa sobom povesti koga hoćete.

You can bring your husband along.

Možete sa sobom povesti supruga.

You can bring your friends, or your colleagues,

Možete povesti svoje prijatelje, ili kolege,

or your babysitter to walk along with you.

ili povesti osobu koja vam čuva dijete.

And husbands can drag their wives across, if their wives don't feel ready.

A muževi mogu povući svoje žene prijeko, ako se one ne osjećaju spremne.

But the point about the high bridge

Ali bitno kod visokog mosta

is that you have to have the confidence

je to da morate imati samopouzdanje

to know that you deserve to be on that bridge,

da znate da zaslužujete biti na tom mostu,

that you have all the skills and experience you need

da imate svo znanje i iskustvo koje vam treba

in order to walk across the high bridge,

kako biste prešli visoki most,

but you just have to make the decision

ali naprosto morate donijeti odluku

to take the first step and do it.

da ćete napraviti prvi korak i izvršiti je.

Thanks very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)