How technology changes our sense of right and wrong | Juan Enriquez

115,149 views ใƒป 2021-02-24

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Tal Hemo ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
In an era of extreme polarization,
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ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
00:15
it's really dangerous to talk about right and wrong.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:20
You can be targeted, judged for something you said 10 years ago, 10 months ago,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื”, ืœื”ื™ืฉืคื˜, ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืžืจืชื ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื, 10 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
00:25
10 hours ago, 10 seconds ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉืขื•ืช, 10 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
00:28
And that means that those who think you're wrong
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืœื• ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“,
00:30
may burn you at the stake
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00:31
or those who are on your side
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ืื• ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœื›ื,
00:34
that think you're not sufficiently orthodox
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืชื›ื.
00:36
may try and cancel you.
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00:37
As you're thinking about right and wrong, I want you to consider three ideas.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:41
What if right and wrong is something that changes over time.
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ืžื” ืื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ?
00:46
What if right and wrong is something that can change because of technology.
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ืžื” ืื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”?
00:50
What if technology is moving exponentially?
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ืžื” ืื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
00:53
So as you're thinking about this concept,
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ืื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื”,
00:56
remember human sacrifice used to be normal and natural.
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ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
00:59
It was a way of appeasing the gods.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืœืคื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื.
01:00
Otherwise the rain wouldn't come,
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ืื—ืจืช ื”ื’ืฉื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข,
01:02
the sun wouldn't shine.
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœื ื–ืจื—ื”.
01:04
Public executions.
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ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื•ืช.
01:06
They were common, normal, legal.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.
01:08
You used to take your kids to watch beheadings in the streets of Paris.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ืคื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื™ื–.
01:12
One of the greatest wrongs, slavery,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช,
01:15
indentured servitude,
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ืžืฉืจืช ื—ื•ื–ื™,
01:17
that was something that was practiced for millennia.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:21
It was practiced across the Incas, the Mayas, the Chinese,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืขืžื™ ื”ืื™ื ืงื”, ื”ืžืื™ื”, ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื,
01:25
the Indians in North and South America.
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ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
01:29
And as you're thinking about this,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
01:31
one question is why did something so wrong last for so long?
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ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืกื•ืœ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš?
01:36
And a second question is: why did it go away?
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ื•ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื ืขืœื?
01:39
And why did it go away in a few short decades in legal terms?
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ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื ืขืœื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื?
01:43
Certainly there was a work
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืกื™ื›ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
01:45
by extraordinary abolitionists who risked their lives,
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01:49
but there may be something else happening alongside these brave abolitionists.
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ืืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:54
Consider energy and the industrial revolution.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
01:58
A single barrel of oil contains the energy equivalent
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ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
02:02
of the work of five to 10 people.
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02:05
Add that to machines,
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ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
02:07
and suddenly you've got millions of people's equivalent labor
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื•ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:12
at your disposal.
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02:14
You can quit oppressing people and have a doubling in lifespan
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื›ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืคืœืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:19
after a flattened lifespan for millennia.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื”.
02:22
The world economy, which had been flat for millennia,
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
02:25
all of a sudden explodes.
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ืœืคืชืข ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆืช.
02:27
And you get enormous amounts of wealth and food and other things
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
02:32
produced by far fewer hands.
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ื”ืžื•ืคืงื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
02:35
Technology changes the way we interact with each other in fundamental ways.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™.
02:40
New technologies like the machine gun
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™,
02:42
completely changed the nature of warfare in World War I.
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ืฉื™ื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:46
It drove people into trenches.
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืชืขืœื•ืช.
02:48
You were in the British trench, or you were in the German trench.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืื• ื‘ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื•ืช.
02:51
Anything in between was no man's land.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืงืจ.
02:53
You entered no man's land.
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ืื ื ื›ื ืกืชื ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืงืจ,
02:55
You were shot. You were killed.
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ื ื•ืจืชื. ื ื”ืจื’ืชื.
02:57
You tried to leave the trench in the other direction.
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ืื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืขืœื” ืžื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™,
03:00
Then your own side would shoot you
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ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื
03:01
because you were a deserter.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขืจื™ืงื™ื.
03:03
In a weird way, today's machine guns are narrowcast social media.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช.
03:09
We're shooting at each other.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:10
We're shooting at those we think are wrong
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื• ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,
03:12
with posts, with tweets, with photographs, with accusations, with comments.
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ืขื ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื, ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื, ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช, ืขื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
03:17
And what it's done is it's created these two trenches
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชืขืœื•ืช
03:20
where you have to be either in this trench or that trench.
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ื•ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืชืขืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื• ื‘ืชืขืœื” ื”ื”ื™ื.
03:24
And there's almost no middle ground to meet each other,
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™,
03:27
to try and find some sort of a discussion between right and wrong.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:33
As you drive around the United States, you see signs on lawns.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช.
03:37
Some say, "Black Lives Matter."
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ื—ืœืงื ืงื•ืจืื™ื, โ€ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ืโ€œ.
03:40
Others say, "We support the police."
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ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘, โ€œืื ื• ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”โ€œ.
03:42
You very rarely see both signs on the same lawn.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ืฉืื”.
03:47
And yet if you ask people,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืืœื™ื,
03:49
most people would probably support Black Lives Matter
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ืจื•ื‘ื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช โ€œื—ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ืโ€
03:52
and they would also support their police.
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ื•ืฉื”ื ื’ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
03:54
So as you think of these polarized times,
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ืื–, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
03:57
as you think of right and wrong,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:58
you have to understand that right and wrong changes
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื,
04:01
and is now changing in exponential ways.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:04
Take the issue of gay marriage.
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื’ืžื ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื”ื—ื“-ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื.
04:06
In 1996, two-thirds of the US population was against gay marriage.
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ื‘-1996, ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื—ื“-ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื.
04:11
Today two-thirds is for.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ื ื‘ืขื“.
04:13
It's almost 180-degree shift in the opinion.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ 180 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช.
04:18
In part, this is because of protests,
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ื–ื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ,
04:20
because people came out of the closet,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
04:22
because of AIDS,
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04:24
but a great deal of it has to do with social media.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
04:27
A great deal of it has to do with people out in our homes,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
04:31
in our living rooms, through television, through film, through posts,
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ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื,
04:36
through people being comfortable enough,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื ื•ื—,
04:38
our friends, our neighbors, our family,
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
04:41
to say, "I'm gay."
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ื•ืืžืจื• โ€œืื ื™ ื’ื™ื™โ€œ.
04:43
And this has shifted opinion
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืขื”
04:45
even in some of the most conservative of places.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื.
04:48
Take the Pope.
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ืงื—ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ.
04:50
As Cardinal in 2010,
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ื›ื—ืฉืžืŸ ื‘-2010, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื—ื“-ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื.
04:52
he was completely against gay marriage.
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[โ€œื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืกื ื™ ื ื’ื“ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืโ€œ]
04:54
He becomes Pope.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ,
04:55
And three years after the last sentence
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ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
04:59
he comes out with "Who am I to judge?"
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ โ€œืžื™ ืื ื™ ืฉืืฉืคื•ื˜?โ€
05:01
And then today, he's in favor of civil unions.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื“ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื–ืจื—ื™.
05:05
As you're thinking about technology changing ethics,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืชื™ืงื”,
05:08
you also have to consider that technology is now moving exponentially.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืขืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™.
05:12
As right and wrong changes,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื,
05:14
if you take the position, "I know right.
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ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืžื“ื” โ€œืื ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง.
05:17
And if you completely disagree with me, if you partially disagree with me,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื™, ืื ืืชื ืงืฆืช ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื™,
05:21
if you even quibble with me, then you're wrong,"
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ืื ืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื™, ืื– ืืชื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,โ€
05:23
then there's no discussion,
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ,
05:25
no tolerance, no evolution, and certainly no learning.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
05:28
Most of us are not vegetarians yet.
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:31
Then again, we haven't had
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:33
a whole lot of faster, better, cheaper alternatives to meat.
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05:37
But now that we're getting synthetic meats,
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™,
05:39
as the price drops from 380,000 dollars in 2013
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ืคืœ ืž-380,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘-2013 ืœืชืฉืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ื™ื•ื,
05:44
to 9 dollars today,
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05:46
a great big chunk of people
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
05:47
are going to start becoming vegetarian or quasi-vegetarian.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ืช.
05:52
And then in retrospect, these pictures
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช ื•ื”ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
05:55
of walking into the fanciest, most expensive restaurants in town
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05:59
and walking past racks of bloody steaks
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงื™ื ืžื“ืžืžื™ื,
06:03
is going to look very different in 10 years, in 20 years and 30 years.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ 10, 20 ื•-30 ืฉื ื”.
06:08
In these polarized times,
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
06:10
I'd like to revive two words you rarely hear today:
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื:
06:14
humility and forgiveness.
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ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
06:17
When you judge the past, your ancestors, your forefathers,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
06:21
do so with a little bit more humility,
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ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืขื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื•ื•ื”,
06:23
because perhaps if you'd been educated in that time,
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ืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืชื—ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื,
06:26
if you'd lived in that time,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื,
06:28
you would've done a lot of things wrong.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
06:30
Not because they're right.
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ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
06:32
Not because we don't see they're wrong today,
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ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื,
06:35
but simply because our notions,
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ืืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
06:37
our understanding of right and wrong change across time.
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ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
06:41
The second word, forgiveness.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
06:44
Forgiveness is incredibly important these days.
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ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•.
06:47
You cannot cancel somebody for saying the wrong word,
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
06:51
for having done something 10 years ago,
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
06:53
for having triggered you and not being a hundred percent right.
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื›ื ื›ืขืก ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื– ืฆื•ื“ืง.
06:57
To build a community, you have to build it and talk to people
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
07:01
and learn from people
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืื ืฉื™ื
07:02
who may have very different points of view from yours.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื›ื.
07:05
You have to allow them a space
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ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื
07:08
instead of creating a no man's land.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืงืจ.
07:10
A middle ground, a ??? and a space of empathy.
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ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืžืคืชื™ื”.
07:15
This is a time to build community.
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
07:16
This is not a time to continue ripping nations apart.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืข ืื•ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื.
07:20
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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