Maurizio Seracini: The secret lives of paintings

35,299 views ใƒป 2012-10-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Freehoff ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:16
In 1975, I met in Florence a professor, Carlo Pedretti,
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ื‘-1975, ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื ืฆื” ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ, ืงืจืœื•ืก ืคื“ืจื˜ื™,
00:20
my former professor of art history, and today
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ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื
00:23
a world-renowned scholar of Leonardo da Vinci.
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ื—ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™.
00:27
Well, he asked me if I could find some technological way
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
00:31
to unfold a five-centuries-old mystery related to
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ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช
00:35
a lost masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci,
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื•ืคืช ืื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™,
00:38
the "Battle of Anghiari," which is supposed to be located
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"ืงืจื‘ ืื ื’ื™ืืจื™," ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื
00:41
in the Hall of the 500 in Palazzo Vecchio, in Florence.
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ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”-500 ื‘ืคืœืฆื• ื•ืงื™ื•, ื‘ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”.
00:43
Well, in the mid-'70s, there were not great opportunities
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
00:47
for a bioengineer like me, especially in Italy, and so
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ
00:50
I decided, with some researchers from the United States
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ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:54
and the University of Florence, to start probing the murals
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ื•ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”, ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ืจ
00:59
decorated by Vasari on the long walls of the Hall of the 500
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ืฉืขื•ื˜ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ VASARI ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”-500
01:03
searching for the lost Leonardo.
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื”.
01:05
Unfortunately, at that time we did not know that
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื•
01:09
that was not exactly where we should be looking,
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ืฉืœื ืฉื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ,
01:13
because we had to go much deeper in, and so the research
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ
01:17
came to a halt, and it was only taken up in 2000
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ื ืขืฆืจ ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ
01:22
thanks to the interest and the enthusiasm of the Guinness family.
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ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช GUINNESS.
01:26
Well, this time, we focused on trying to reconstruct
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ืื–, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ
01:29
the way the Hall of the 500 was before the remodeling,
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ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”-500 ื˜ืจื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ,
01:32
and the so-called Sala Grande, which was built in 1494,
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ื•ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”-SALA GRANDE, ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘-1494,
01:36
and to find out the original doors, windows,
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช
01:39
and in order to do that, we first created a 3D model,
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ื“ื’ื ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™,
01:43
and then, with thermography, we went on to discover
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืจืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช
01:47
hidden windows. These are the original windows of the hall
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ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื™ื. ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ
01:50
of the Sala Grande. We also found out about the height
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ืฉืœ ื”-SALA GRANDE. ื’ื ื’ืœื™ื ื• ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ื”
01:53
of the ceiling, and we managed to reconstruct, therefore,
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ื”ืชืงืจื” ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ,
01:57
all the layout of this original hall
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ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™
01:59
the way it was before there came Vasari,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืื• ืฉืœ VASARI,
02:03
and restructured the whole thing,
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืง,
02:05
including a staircase that was very important
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ืจื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“
02:09
in order to precisely place "The Battle of Anghiari"
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ืœืฉื ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ " ืงืจื‘ ืื ื’ื™ืืจื™"
02:13
on a specific area of one of the two walls.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื.
02:17
Well, we also learned that Vasari, who was commissioned
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉ- VASARI, ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ
02:20
to remodel the Hall of the 500 between 1560 and 1574
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ืœืฉืคืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”-500 ื‘ื™ืŸ 1560 ืœื‘ื™ืŸ 1574
02:25
by the Grand Duke Cosimo I of the Medici family,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”- "ื”ื“ื•ื›ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื•ื–ื™ืžื•" ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžื“ื™ืฆ'ื™,
02:29
we have at least two instances when he saved masterpieces
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช
02:33
specifically by placing a brick wall in front of it
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืช ืงื™ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื”
02:36
and leaving a small air gap.
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ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืืจืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
02:38
One that we [see] here, Masaccio, the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence,
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ืื—ืช ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ, MASACCIO, ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืกื ื˜ื” ืžืจื™ื” ื ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื ื–ื”
02:42
so we just said, well maybe, Visari has done something
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ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื ื•, ืื•ืœื™, VASARI ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•
02:45
like that in the case of this great work of art by Leonardo,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื•,
02:48
since he was a great admirer of Leonardo da Vinci.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™.
02:51
And so we built some very sophisticated radio antennas
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
02:55
just for probing both walls and searching for an air gap.
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ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ืœืœื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
03:01
And we did find many on the right panel of the east wall,
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ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™,
03:06
an air gap, and that's where
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ื—ืœืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื”
03:08
we believe "The Battle of Anghiari,"
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ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื "ืงืจื‘ ืื ื’ื™ืืจื™,"
03:10
or at least the part that we know has been painted,
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ,
03:12
which is called "The Fight for the Standard," should be located.
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ืฉื ืงืจื, " ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื ืก," ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื.
03:15
Well, from there, unfortunately,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื›ืืŸ, ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ,
03:19
in 2004, the project
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜, ื‘-2004,
03:21
came to a halt. Many political reasons.
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ื ืขืฆืจ. ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
03:24
So I decided to go back to my alma mater,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžื“ืชื™,
03:27
and, at the University of California, San Diego,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื‘ืกืŸ ื“ื™ืื™ื™ื’ื•,
03:29
and I proposed to open up a research center
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ื•ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืจื›ื– ืžื—ืงืจ
03:32
for engineering sciences for cultural heritage.
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ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
03:35
And in 2007, we created CISA3 as a research center
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ื•ื‘-2007, ื”ืงืžื ื• CISA3 ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืžื—ืงืจ
03:39
for cultural heritage, specifically art, architecture
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ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ืงื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
03:42
and archaeology. So students started to flow in,
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ื•ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื–ืจื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื”,
03:45
and we started to build technologies, because that's
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื”
03:47
basically what we also needed in order to move forward
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ืฉื”ื–ื“ืงืงื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ื
03:49
and go and do fieldwork.
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ื•ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
03:52
We came back in the Hall of the 500 in 2011,
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ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”-500 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011,
03:57
and this time, with a great group of students,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
04:00
and my colleague, Professor Falko Kuester,
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ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ FALKO KUESTER,
04:03
who is now the director at CISA3, and we
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ืžื™ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘-CISA3, ื•ืื ื—ื ื•
04:05
came back just since we knew already where to look for
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ื—ื–ืจื ื• ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื—ืคืฉ
04:10
to find out if there was still something left.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื”ื•.
04:13
Well, we were confined though, limited, I should rather say,
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ืืš, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ,
04:17
for several reasons that it's not worth explaining,
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจ,
04:20
to endoscopy only, of the many other options we had,
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ืœืื ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•,
04:23
and with a 4mm camera attached to it,
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ื•ืขื ืžืฆืœืžื” 4ืž"ืž ืžื•ืชืงื ืช ื‘ื”,
04:27
we were successful in documenting and taking
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช
04:32
some fragments of what it turns out to be
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ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจ
04:37
a reddish color, black color, and there is some
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ื›ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ืžื•ืžื™, ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜
04:40
beige fragments that later on
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ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื’' ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:44
we ran a much more sophisticated exams,
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ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:47
XRF, X-ray diffraction, and the results are very positive
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XRF, ื“ื™ืคืจืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
04:52
so far. It seems to indicate that indeed
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ืขื“ ื›ื”. ื›ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืฉืื›ืŸ
04:55
we have found some pigments, and since we know for sure
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฆื‘ืขื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื—
04:58
that no other artist has painted on that wall
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ืฉืœื ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืฃ ืื•ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ
05:00
before Vasari came in about 60 years later, well,
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ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ื•ืื• ืฉืœ VASARI ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื–,
05:04
those pigments are therefore firmly related to mural painting
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ืฆื‘ืขื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ ืงื™ืจ
05:06
and most likely to Leonardo.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื•.
05:09
Well, we are searching for the highest and highly praised
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช
05:14
work of art ever achieved by mankind.
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื™ื‘ื”.
05:17
As a matter of fact, this is by far the most important
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื–ืืช ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ
05:20
commission that Leonardo has ever had,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข,
05:23
and for doing this great masterpiece, he was named
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ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืชืคืืจืช ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ
05:28
the number one artist influence at the time.
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ื›ื”ืืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื”.
05:33
I had also had the privilege since the last 37 years
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ื ืคืœื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช, ื‘-37 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
05:36
to work on several masterpieces as you can see behind me,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™,
05:40
but basically to do what? Well, to assess, for example,
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ืืš ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืืžื•ื“, ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:43
the state of conservation. See here the face of the
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ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ. ืชืจืื• ื›ืืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™
05:45
Madonna of the Chair that when just shining a UV light on it
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"ื”ืžื“ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกื" ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ืกื’ื•ืœ
05:50
you suddenly see another, different lady,
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ืคืชืื•ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื—ืจืช,
05:53
aged lady, I should rather say.
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ืื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืžืจ.
05:55
There is a lot of varnish still sitting there, several retouches,
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ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ืฉื, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื,
05:59
and some over cleaning. It becomes very visible.
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™. ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื•ืœื˜.
06:02
But also, technology has helped to write new pages
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ืืš ื’ื, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกื™ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
06:05
of our history, or at least to update pages of our histories.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช, ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื“ืคื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
06:08
For example, the "Lady with the Unicorn,"
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”"ืื™ืฉื” ืขื ื”ื—ื“-ืงืจืŸ,"
06:10
another painting by Rafael, well, you see the unicorn.
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ืขื•ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ.
06:13
A lot has been said and written about the unicorn, but
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ื ืืžืจ ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ -ืงืจืŸ ืื‘ืœ
06:15
if you take an X-ray of the unicorn, it becomes a puppy dog.
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ืื ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ื‘ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื“-ืงืจืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœื‘ืœื‘.
06:19
And โ€” (Laughter) โ€” no problem, but, unfortunately,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ - (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
06:23
continuing with the scientific examination of this painting
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ
06:26
came out that Rafael did not paint the unicorn,
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืœื ืจืคืืœ ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื“-ืงืจืŸ,
06:29
did not paint the puppy dog, actually left the painting
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ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ
06:32
unfinished, so all this writing about the exotic symbol
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ื‘ืœืชื™ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกืžืœ ื”ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™
06:37
of the unicorn โ€” (Laughter) โ€” unfortunately,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“-ืงืจืŸ - (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
06:39
is not very reliable. (Laughter)
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ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:43
Well, also, authenticity. Just think for a moment
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ืื–, ื’ื, ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจื’ืข
06:45
if science really could move in the field of authenticity
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ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช
06:49
of works of art. There would be a cultural revolution
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ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ืคืš ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™
06:53
to say the least, but also, I would say, a market revolution,
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ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื” ืืš ื’ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื”ืคืš ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื,
06:56
let me add. Take this example:
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ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ. ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”:
06:58
Otto Marseus, nice painting, which is "Still Life"
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OTTO MARSEUS, ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื ืื”, ืฉื”ื•ื, "ื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื•ืžื"
07:02
at the Pitti Gallery, and just have an infrared camera peering through,
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ื‘ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ืคื™ื˜ื™, ื•ืชืจืฉื• ืœืžืฆืœืžื” ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืื“ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืขื“,
07:06
and luckily for art historians, it just was confirmed
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื–ื” ื•ื•ื™ื“ื
07:10
that there is a signature of Otto Marseus. It even says
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ืฉื ื•ื›ื—ืช ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืฉืœ OTTO MARSEUS. ื’ื ื›ืชื•ื‘
07:12
when it was made and also the location.
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ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื.
07:15
So that was a good result. Sometimes, it's not that good,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืฆืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘,
07:20
and so, again, authenticity and science could go together
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืข ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
07:25
and change the way, not attributions being made,
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ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ืœื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก
07:29
but at least lay the ground for a more objective,
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ืืœื ืœืคื—ื•ืช , ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
07:33
or, I should rather say, less subjective attribution,
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ืื• ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืฆื, ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
07:37
as it is done today.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:40
But I would say the discovery that really caught
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ืืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืฉื‘ืชื” ืืช
07:43
my imagination, my admiration, is the incredibly vivid
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ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ืขืจืฆืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ, ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
07:47
drawing under this layer, brown layer,
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ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžื”,
07:51
of "The Adoration of the Magi." Here you see
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ืฉืœ "ื”ืขืจืฆืช ื”ืืžื’ื•ืฉื™ื (ืžืื’ื™ื)" ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
07:54
a handmade setting XYZ scanner with an infrared camera put on it,
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ืกื•ืจืง XYZ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•, ืขื ืžืฆืœืžื” ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืื“ื•ื ืขืœื™ื•,
07:58
and just peering through this brown layer
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ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืฆื” ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžื” ื–ื•
08:02
of this masterpiece to reveal
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ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื
08:04
what could have been underneath.
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ืชื—ืชื™ื”.
08:07
Well, this happens to be the most important painting
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
08:09
we have in Italy by Leonardo da Vinci, and
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™
08:12
look at the wonderful images of faces that nobody has seen
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืืช ืงืœืกื˜ืจื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื”
08:17
for five centuries. Look at these portraits.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืืœื”.
08:21
They're magnificent. You see Leonardo at work.
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ื”ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื. ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
08:23
You see the geniality of his creation, right directly
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืžืœื•, ืžืžืฉ
08:27
on the ground layer of the panel, and see
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ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื— ื•ืจืื•
08:30
this cool thing, finding, I should rather say,
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ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืžืฆื, ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืฆื,
08:36
an elephant. (Laughter) Because of this elephant,
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ืคื™ืœ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
08:39
over 70 new images came out, never seen for centuries.
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-70 ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ื—ืฉืคื•, ืฉืœื ื ืจืื• ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื.
08:43
This was an epiphany. We came to understand
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ืช. ื”ืกื›ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
08:46
and to prove that the brown coating that we see today
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
08:50
was not done by Leonardo da Vinci, which left us
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ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื” ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืœื ื•
08:52
only the other drawing that for five centuries
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ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
08:55
we were not able to see, so thanks only to technology.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
09:00
Well, the tablet. Well, we thought, well, if we all have
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ื”ื ื”, ื”ืœื•ื—. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ
09:05
this pleasure, this privilege to see all this,
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ื”ืขื•ื ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
09:07
to find all these discoveries, what about for everybody else?
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ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื?
09:11
So we thought of an augmented reality application
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ื“ื”
09:14
using a tablet. Let me show you just simulating
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื˜. ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื
09:18
what we could be doing, any of us could be doing,
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืžื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
09:22
in a museum environment.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ.
09:24
So let's say that we go to a museum with a tablet, okay?
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื ืœืš ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื˜, ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
09:28
And we just aim the camera of the tablet
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ื•ืจืง ื ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื˜
09:32
to the painting that we are interested to see, like this.
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ืืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื›ื›ื”,
09:38
Okay? And I will just click on it, we pause,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ? ื•ืจืง ืืœื—ืฅ ืขืœื™ื•, ื ืžืชื™ืŸ,
09:44
and now let me turn to you so the moment the image,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืืœื™ื›ื ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
09:48
or, I should say, the camera, has locked in the painting,
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ืื• ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ืžืฆืœืžื”, ื ื ืขืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”,
09:51
then the images you just saw up there in the drawing
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ืื–ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ
09:54
are being loaded. And so, see.
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ื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•.
09:57
We can, as we said, we can zoom in. Then we can scroll.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื•, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื•ื. ื•ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื’ืœ.
10:01
Okay? Let's go and find the elephant.
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ื˜ื•ื‘? ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœ.
10:06
So all we need is one finger. Just wipe off
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืช. ืจืง ืžื ื’ื‘ื™ื
10:09
and we see the elephant. (Applause)
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœ. (ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:18
Okay? And then if we want,
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ื˜ื•ื‘? ื•ืื– ืื ื ืจืฆื”,
10:20
we can continue the scroll to find out, for example,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื, ืœืžืฉืœ,
10:23
on the staircase, the whole iconography is going
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ื‘ื’ืจื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”
10:27
to be changed. There are a lot of laymen reconstructing
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ืชืฉืชื ื”. ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงืžื™ื
10:29
from the ruins of an old temple a new temple,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืŸ, ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ,
10:32
and there are a lot of figures showing up. See?
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ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืจื•ืื™ื?
10:36
This is not just a curiosity, because it changes
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกืชื ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”
10:39
not just the iconography as you see it, but the iconology,
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ืœื ืืช ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืืช ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
10:42
the meaning of the painting,
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ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ,
10:44
and we believe this is a cool way, easy way,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
10:47
that everybody could have access to, to become more
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ื•ืœื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:50
the protagonist of your own discovery, and not just
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ื”ื™ื•ื–ื ืฉืœ ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืชื™ื™ืš ื•ืœื
10:54
be so passive about it, as we are when we walk through
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš
10:57
endless rooms of museums.
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ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื.
11:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:06
Another concept is the digital clinical chart, which sounds
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืฉื ืฉืžืข
11:10
very obvious if we were to talk about real patients,
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ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
11:13
but when we talk about works of art, unfortunately,
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ืืš ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
11:15
it's never been tapped as an idea.
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ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฆืฃ ื›ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
11:17
Well, we believe, again, that this should be the beginning,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
11:20
the very first step, to do real conservation,
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืžืžืฉ, ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™,
11:22
and allowing us to really explore and to understand
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ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
11:26
everything related to the state of our conservation,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:28
the technique, materials, and also if, when, and why
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืื, ืžืชื™ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข
11:32
we should restore, or, rather, to intervene on
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืงื ืื• , ืื—ืจืช, ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘
11:36
the environment surrounding the painting.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
11:40
Well, our vision is to rediscover
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ื•ื ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘
11:43
the spirit of the Renaissance, create a new discipline
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ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืจื ืกื ืก, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
11:46
where engineering for cultural heritage is actually
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
11:49
a symbol of blending art and science together.
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ืกืžืœ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืข ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
11:52
We definitely need a new breed of engineers
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื–ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
11:54
that will go out and do this kind of work and
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ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื•ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”
11:57
rediscover for us these values, these cultural values
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ื•ืฉื™ื’ืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•, ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื”, ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืืœื”
12:01
that we badly need, especially today.
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ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
12:04
And if you want to summarize in one just single word,
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ื•ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืกื›ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื”,
12:08
well, this is what we're trying to do.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
12:11
We're trying to give a future to our past
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ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื‘ืจื ื•
12:13
in order to have a future.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืชื™ื“.
12:15
As long as we live a life of curiosity and passion,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื˜,
12:18
there is a bit of Leonardo in all of us. Thank you. (Applause)
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ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. ( ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื)
12:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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