Barbara Natterson-Horowitz: What veterinarians know that doctors don't

303,807 views ใƒป 2014-12-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:13
Ten years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
00:15
I got a phone call that changed my life.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
00:18
At the time, I was cardiologist at UCLA,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ UCLA,
00:22
specializing in cardiac imaging techniques.
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ื•ื”ืชืžื—ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘.
00:26
The call came from a veterinarian at the Los Angeles Zoo.
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ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
00:31
An elderly female chimpanzee
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ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช
00:34
had woken up with a facial droop
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ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืขื ืฆื ื™ื—ืช ืคื ื™ื
00:37
and the veterinarians were worried that she'd had a stroke.
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ื•ื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืฉื‘ืฅ.
00:40
They asked if I'd come to the zoo
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืื ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช
00:43
and image the animal's heart
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ื•ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื”
00:45
to look for a possible cardiac cause.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
00:49
Now, to be clear, North American zoos are staffed
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื’ื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื
00:52
by highly qualified, board-certified veterinarians
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ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื, ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื”
00:57
who take outstanding care of their animal patients.
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ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
01:01
But occasionally, they do reach into the human medical community,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื”ื ื›ืŸ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
01:05
particularly for some speciality consultation,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ืขื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
01:10
and I was one of the lucky physicians who was invited in to help.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
01:16
I had a chance to rule out a stroke in this chimpanzee
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”
01:22
and make sure that this gorilla didn't have a torn aorta,
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ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื’ื•ืจื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืงืจื•ืข,
01:28
evaluate this macaw for a heart murmur,
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ื”ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงืื• ื”ื–ื” ืœืจืฉืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘,
01:33
make sure that this California sea lion's paricardium wasn't inflamed,
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ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืฉืœืืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื ืœื‘ ืžื•ื“ืœืง,
01:41
and in this picture, I'm listening to the heart of a lion
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ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื ื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืืจื™ื”
01:45
after a lifesaving, collaborative procedure
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ืื—ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
01:48
with veterinarians and physicians
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ืขื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ื
01:51
where we drained 700 cc's of fluid from the sac
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ื‘ื• ื ื™ืงื–ื ื• 700 ืกืž"ืง ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืžื”ืฉืง
01:56
in which this lion's heart was contained.
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ืืจื™ื”.
02:00
And this procedure, which I have done on many human patients,
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ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื,
02:05
was identical, with the exception of that paw and that tail.
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”ื”, ืขื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืฃ ื•ื”ื–ื ื‘ ื”ืืœื”.
02:14
Now most of the time, I was working at UCLA Medical Center with physicians,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ UCLA ืขื ืจื•ืคืื™ื,
02:21
discussing symptoms and diagnoses and treatments
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ื“ื ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื
02:26
for my human patients,
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ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื,
02:29
but some of the time, I was working at the Los Angeles Zoo
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก
02:32
with veterinarians, discussing symptoms and diagnoses and treatments
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ืขื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื, ื“ื ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื
02:38
for their animal patients.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช.
02:40
And occasionally, on the very same day,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื,
02:45
I went on rounds at UCLA Medical Center
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ UCLA
02:49
and at the Los Angeles Zoo.
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ื•ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
02:52
And here's what started coming into very clear focus for me.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืฆืœื™.
02:58
Physicians and veterinarians were essentially taking care
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ื™ืคืœื•
03:03
of the same disorders in their animal and human patients:
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ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื:
03:08
congestive heart failure, brain tumors,
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ืชืขื•ืงืช ืœื‘, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—,
03:12
leukemia, diabetes, arthritis, ALS, breast cancer,
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ืœื•ืงืžื™ื”, ืกื›ืจืช, ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ืŸ, ALS, ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“,
03:21
even psychiatric syndromes like depression, anxiety,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื—ืจื“ื”,
03:26
compulsions, eating disorders and self-injury.
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช, ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
03:32
Now, I've got a confession to make.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™.
03:35
Even though I studied comparative physiology and evolutionary biology
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช
03:42
as an undergrad --
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ื›ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ --
03:44
I had even written my senior thesis on Darwinian theory --
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื–ื” ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ --
03:49
learning about the significant overlap
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
03:51
between the disorders of animals and humans,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
03:54
it came as a much needed wake-up call for me.
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉืงืžื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
04:00
So I started wondering, with all of these overlaps,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
04:04
how was it that I had never thought to ask a veterinarian,
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ,
04:10
or consult the veterinary literature,
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ืื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ืช,
04:12
for insights into one of my human patients?
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ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™?
04:17
Why had I never, nor had any of my physician friends and colleagues
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ืœืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืœื™
04:23
whom I asked, ever attended a veterinary conference?
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ืฉืื•ืชื ืฉืืœืชื™, ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื?
04:30
For that matter, why was any of this a surprise?
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืชืขื”?
04:36
I mean, look, every single physician accepts some biological connection
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ืชืจืื•, ื›ืœ ืจื•ืคื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
04:42
between animals and humans.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
04:45
Every medication that we prescribe or that we've taken ourselves
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ื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืื• ืฉืœืงื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•
04:50
or we've given to our families
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ืื• ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:52
has first been tested on an animal.
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ื ื•ืกืชื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช.
04:56
But there's something very different
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”
04:58
about giving an animal a medication or a human disease
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืœืชืช ืœื—ื™ื” ืชืจื•ืคื” ืื• ืžื—ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
05:04
and the animal developing congestive heart failure
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื” ืžืคืชื—ืช ื›ืฉืœ ืœื‘
05:08
or diabetes or breast cancer on their own.
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ืื• ืกื›ืจืช ืื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
05:15
Now, maybe some of the surprise
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืคืชืขื”
05:17
comes from the increasing separation in our world
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ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•
05:21
between the urban and the nonurban.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ืœื›ืคืจื™.
05:25
You know, we hear about these city kids
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืืœื”
05:28
who think that wool grows on trees
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืฆืžืจ ื’ื“ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ื
05:32
or that cheese comes from a plant.
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ืื• ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžืคืขืœ.
05:36
Well, today's human hospitals,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
05:38
increasingly, are turning into these gleaming cathedrals of technology.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืงืชื“ืจืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ื”ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
05:45
And this creates a psychological distance between the human patients
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
05:50
who are being treated there
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ืฉืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื
05:53
and animal patients who are living in oceans
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ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
05:57
and farms and jungles.
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ื•ื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœื™ื.
06:01
But I think there's an even deeper reason.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:06
Physicians and scientists, we accept intellectually that our species,
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
06:13
Homo sapiens, is merely one species,
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ื”ื•ืžื• ืกื™ื™ืคื™ืื ืก, ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“,
06:17
no more unique or special than any other.
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ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
06:22
But in our hearts, we don't completely believe that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
06:28
I feel it myself when I'm listening to Mozart
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื•ืฆืจื˜
06:32
or looking at pictures of the Mars Rover on my MacBook.
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ืื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื™.
06:38
I feel that tug of human exceptionalism,
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
06:43
even as I recognize the scientifically isolating cost
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ืขื™
06:48
of seeing ourselves as a superior species, apart.
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ืฉืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื ืขืœื”, ื ืคืจื“.
06:54
Well, I'm trying these days.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”.
06:57
When I see a human patient now, I always ask,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœืช,
07:02
what do the animal doctors know about this problem that I don't know?
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ืžื” ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช?
07:07
And, might I be taking better care of my human patient
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื™
07:12
if I saw them as a human animal patient?
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืช?
07:19
Here are a few examples of the kind of exciting connections
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื
07:24
that this kind of thinking has led me to.
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ืฉืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืืœื™ื•.
07:28
Fear-induced heart failure.
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ื›ืฉืœ ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืœ ืคื—ื“.
07:30
Around the year 2000,
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื ืช 2,000,
07:33
human cardiologists "discovered" emotionally induced heart failure.
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ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื "ื’ื™ืœื•" ื›ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘ ื‘ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
07:40
It was described in a gambling father who had lost his life's savings
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ื–ื” ืชื•ืืจ ืืฆืœ ืื‘ ืžื”ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•
07:46
with a roll of the dice,
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ืขื ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื”,
07:49
in a bride who'd been left at the alter.
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ื‘ื›ืœื” ืฉื ืขื–ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ื•ืคื”.
07:53
But it turns out, this "new" human diagnosis
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื”"ื—ื“ืฉื”" ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
07:58
was neither new, nor was it uniquely human.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
08:02
Veterinarians had been diagnosing, treating and even preventing
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ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ืื™ื‘ื—ื ื•, ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื ืขื•
08:08
emotionally induced symptoms in animals
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ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช
08:12
ranging from monkeys to flamingos, from to deer to rabbits,
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ืฉื ืขื™ื ืžืงื•ืคื™ื ืœืคืœืžื™ื ื’ื•, ืžืฆื‘ืื™ื ืœืืจื ื‘ื•ืช,
08:18
since the 1970s.
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ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70.
08:22
How many human lives might have been saved
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื
08:26
if this veterinary knowledge had been put into the hands
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ืื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื
08:29
of E.R. docs and cardiologists?
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ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื?
08:35
Self-injury.
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ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
08:37
Some human patients harm themselves.
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
08:41
Some pluck out patches of hair,
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ื›ืžื” ืชื•ืœืฉื™ื ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืจ,
08:45
others actually cut themselves.
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
08:50
Some animal patients also harm themselves.
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
08:54
There are birds that pluck out feathers.
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืœืงื•ืช ื ื•ืฆื•ืช.
08:57
There are stallions that repetitively bite their flanks until they bleed.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืžื“ืžืžื™ื.
09:05
But veterinarians have very specific and very effective ways
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
09:10
of treating and even preventing self-injury
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ืœื˜ืคืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช
09:14
in their self-injuring animals.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
09:18
Shouldn't this veterinary knowledge be put into the hands
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ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™
09:21
of psychotherapists and parents and patients
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ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ืจืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื
09:25
struggling with self-injury?
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ืฉื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืขื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
09:29
Postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis.
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ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.
09:34
Sometimes, soon after giving birth,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ื”,
09:37
some women become depressed,
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ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื›ืื•ืช,
09:39
and sometimes they become seriously depressed and even psychotic.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื›ืื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
09:44
They may neglect their newborn,
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ื”ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื–ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื•ืœื“,
09:46
and in some extreme cases,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื,
09:48
even harm the child.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื•.
09:52
Equine veterinarians also know that occasionally,
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ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ ืกื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื,
09:56
a mare, soon after giving birth,
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ืกื•ืกื”, ืžืžืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžืœื˜ื”,
09:59
will neglect the foal, refusing to nurse,
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ืชื–ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ื—, ื•ืชืกืจื‘ ืœื”ื ื™ืง,
10:02
and in some instances, kick the foal, even to death.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื, ืชื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืกื™ื—, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
10:09
But veterinarians have devised
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
10:11
an intervention to deal with this foal rejection syndrome
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื ื“ืจื•ื ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื—
10:17
that involves increasing oxytocin in the mare.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืกื”.
10:21
Oxytocin is the bonding hormone,
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ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืžืงืฉืจ,
10:24
and this leads to renewed interest,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
10:27
on the part of the mare, in her foal.
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ืžืฆื“ ื”ืกื•ืกื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื— ืฉืœื”.
10:31
Shouldn't this information
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš
10:33
be put into the hands of ob/gyn's
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื ืฉื™ื
10:36
and family doctors and patients
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ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื
10:39
who are struggling with postpartum depression and psychosis?
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ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื”?
10:47
Well, despite all of this promise,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช,
10:49
unfortunately the gulf between our fields remains large.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
10:57
To explain it, I'm afraid I'm going to have to air some dirty laundry.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืฉืื ื™ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืื•ื•ืจืจ ืงืฆืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช.
11:02
Some physicians can be real snobs
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ื›ืžื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืกื ื•ื‘ื™ื
11:07
about doctors who are not M.D.'s.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
11:09
I'm talking about dentists and optometrists and psychologists,
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื,
11:15
but maybe especially animal doctors.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช.
11:20
Of course, most physicians don't realize that it is harder
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:24
to get into vet school these days than medical school,
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ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”,
11:28
and that when we go to medical school,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”,
11:30
we learn everything there is to know
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช
11:33
about one species, Homo sapiens,
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ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื”ื•ืžื• ืกืคื™ืื ืก,
11:36
but veterinarians need to learn about health and disease
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ืื‘ืœ ื•ื˜ื™ื ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช
11:40
in mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish and birds.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ืืžืคื™ื‘ื™ื, ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื, ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
11:45
So I don't blame the vets for feeling annoyed
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืฉื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื
11:50
by my profession's condescension and ignorance.
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ืžื”ื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™.
11:56
But here's one from the vets:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื:
11:59
What do you call a veterinarian
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ
12:02
who can only take care of one species?
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“?
12:08
A physician. (Laughter)
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ืจื•ืคื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:11
Closing the gap has become a passion for me,
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ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืชืฉื•ืงื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
12:17
and I'm doing this through programs
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
12:20
like Darwin on Rounds at UCLA,
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ื›ืžื• ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ UCLA,
12:23
where we're bringing animal experts and evolutionary biologists
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ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื
12:29
and embedding them on our medical teams
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ื•ืžื˜ืžื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœื ื•
12:33
with our interns and our residents.
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ืขื ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
12:37
And through Zoobiquity conferences,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื›ื ืก ื–ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื•ื˜ื™,
12:41
where we bring medical schools together with veterinary schools
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ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื”
12:45
for collabortive discussions
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ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื
12:47
of the shared diseases and disorders
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ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช
12:50
of animal and human patients.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
12:54
At Zoobiquity conferences,
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ื‘ื›ื ืก ื–ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื•ื˜ื™,
12:57
participants learn how treating breast cancer in a tiger
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ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“ ื‘ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก
13:02
can help us better treat breast cancer
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื“
13:05
in a kindergarten teacher;
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ื‘ื’ื ื ืช;
13:08
how understanding polycystic overies in a Holstein cow
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ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ืช ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืช ื”ื•ืœืกื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
13:13
can help us better take care
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:15
of a dance instructor with painful periods;
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ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืœืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืขื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื;
13:20
and how better understanding the treatment of separation anxiety
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื“ืช ื ื˜ื™ืฉื”
13:25
in a high-strung Sheltie
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ื‘ื›ืœื‘ืช ืจื•ืขื™ื
13:27
can help an anxious young child struggling with his first days of school.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ื—ืจื“ ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
13:34
In the United States and now internationally, at Zoobiquity conferences
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื , ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ ื–ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื•ื˜ื™
13:40
physicians and veterinarians check their attitudes and their preconceptions
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
13:47
at the door and come together as colleagues,
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ื‘ื“ืœืช ื•ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื›ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช,
13:53
as peers, as doctors.
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ื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ื.
13:58
After all, we humans are animals, too,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื—ื™ื•ืช,
14:04
and it's time for us physicians to embrace
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ืงื‘ืœ
14:07
our patients' and our own animal natures
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ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•
14:12
and join veterinarians
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ื•ื ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื
14:14
in a species-spanning approach to health.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
14:19
Because it turns out,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ,
14:21
some of the best and most humanistic medicine
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ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช
14:26
is being practiced by doctors whose patients aren't human.
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ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
14:32
And one of the best ways we can take care
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ
14:35
of the human patient is by paying close attention
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ื‘ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘
14:40
to how all the other patients on the planet
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ืœืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื”
14:44
live, grow, get sick and heal.
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ื—ื™ื™ื, ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืจืคืื™ื.
14:51
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
14:53
(Applause).
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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