Rob Harmon: How the market can keep streams flowing

Prevoditelj: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

This is a river.

Ovo je rijeka.

Ovo je potok.

This is a stream.

This is a river.

Ovo je rijeka.

Ovo se događa širom zemlje.

This is happening all over the country.

There are tens of thousands of miles of dewatered streams in the United States.

Postoje desetine tisuća milja

isušenih potoka u Sjedinjenim Državama.

On this map, the colored areas represent water conflicts.

Na ovoj karti,

obojana područja predstavljaju sukobe oko vode.

Similar problems are emerging in the East as well.

Slični problemi se pojavljuju također na istoku.

Razlozi variraju od države do države,

The reasons vary state to state, but mostly in the details.

ali uglavnom zbog detalja.

Postoji gotovo 6.500 km isušenih potoka

There are 4,000 miles of dewatered streams in Montana alone.

samo u Montani.

They would ordinarily support fish and other wildlife.

Normalno bi podržavali ribe i druge oblike divljeg života.

They're the veins of the ecosystem,

Oni su vene ekosustava,

i često su prazne vene.

and they're often empty veins.

Želim vam ispričati priču

I want to tell you the story of just one of these streams,

o samo jednom od tih potoka

because it's an archetype for the larger story.

jer predstavlja arhetip šire priče.

This is Prickly Pear Creek.

To je Prickly Pear potok.

It runs through a populated area from East Helena to Lake Helena.

Prolazi kroz naseljeno područje

od istočne Helene do jezera Helena.

Podržava divlje ribe

It supports wild fish including cutthroat, brown and rainbow trout.

uključujući pastrve glavosjek, smeđu

i duginu.

Nearly every year for more than a hundred years ...

Gotovo svake godine

više od stotinu godina,

ovako je izgledalo tijekom ljeta.

it looked like this in the summer.

How did we get here?

Kako smo došli tamo?

Sve je počelo kasnih 1800ih

Well, it started back in the late 1800s

kada su ljudi počeli naseljavati mjesta poput Montane.

when people started settling in places like Montana.

In short, there was a lot of water and there weren't very many people.

Ukratko, bilo je puno vode,

a tamo nije bilo puno ljudi.

But as more people showed up wanting water,

Ali kako se sve više ljudi pojavljivalo tražeći vodu,

the folks who were there first got a little concerned,

ljudi koji su tamo došli prvi su se malo zabrinuli,

and in 1865, Montana passed its first water law.

i 1865., u Montani je donešen prvi zakon o vodi.

U biti je govorio, kako svatko blizu potoka

It basically said, everybody near the stream can share in the stream.

može potok dijeliti.

Oddly, a lot of people showed up wanting to share the stream,

Čudno, ali puno se ljudi pojavilo želeći dijeliti potok,

and the folks who were there first

i ljudi koji su se tamo pojavili prvi

got concerned enough to bring out their lawyers.

su se dovoljno zabrinuli da su uzeli odvjetnike.

There were precedent-setting suits in 1870 and 1872,

Bilo je to vrijeme presedanskih parnica

1870. i 1872.

both involving Prickly Pear Creek.

koje je uključivalo Prickly Pear potok.

A 1921.,

And in 1921,

the Montana Supreme Court ruled in a case involving Prickly Pear

vrhovni sud Montane

donio je presudu koja je uključivala Prickly Pear

that the folks who were there first had the first, or "senior water rights."

da ljudi koji su tamo došli prvi

imaju prioritetna, pretpostavljena, vodena prava.

These senior water rights are key.

Ta priroritetna prava su ključ.

Problem je što sada cijeli Zapad

The problem is that all over the West now it looks like this.

izgleda tako.

Some of these creeks have claims

Neki od tih potoka

for 50 to 100 times more water than is actually in the stream.

imaju zahtjeva za 50 do 100 puta više vode

nego što je ima u potoku.

And the senior water rights holders, if they don't use their water right,

I oni koji imaju prioritetna prava,

ako oni ne iskoriste svoja vodena prava,

they risk losing their water right --

riskiraju da ih izgube,

zajedno s ekonomskom vrijednosti koja ide s njima.

along with the economic value that goes with it.

Tako da oni nemaju poticaj za očuvanjem.

So they have no incentive to conserve.

So it's not just about the number of people;

Dakle radi se samo o broju ljudi;

the system itself creates a disincentive to conserve

sustav sam po sebi stvara osjetljivost na očuvanje

jer možeš izgubiti svoja vodena prava ako ih ne koristiš.

because you can lose your water right if you don't use it.

So after decades of lawsuits and 140 years, now, of experience,

Nakon desetljeća parnica

i 140 godina iskustva,

we still have this.

još uvijek imamo to.

To je slomljeni sustav.

It's a broken system.

There's a disincentive to conserve,

Postoji osjetljivost na očuvanje,

because if you don't use your water right, you can lose your water right.

jer, ako ne koristiš svoja vodena prava,

možeš ih izgubiti.

And I'm sure you all know, this has created significant conflicts

I siguran sam kako svi znate, to je kreiralo značajne sukobe

between the agricultural and environmental communities.

između poljoprivrednih i ekoloških zajednica.

OK, now I'm going to change gears here.

Dobro. Sada ću promijeniti brzine.

Većina vas će biti sretna znati

Most of you will be happy to know that the rest of the presentation's free ...

kako je ostatak prezentacije slobodan.

(Laughter)

I neki od vas će biti sretni znati kako uključuje pivo.

and some of you'll be happy to know that it involves beer.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

There's another thing happening around the country,

Još jedna stvar se događa širom zemlje,

a to je da su se kompanije počele brinuti

which is that companies are starting to get concerned

o svojem vodenom otisku.

about their water footprint.

They're concerned about securing an adequate supply of water,

One su zabrinute oko osiguranja adekvatnih zaliha vode,

they're trying to be really efficient with their water use,

one pokušavaju biti stvarno efikasne prilikom korištenja vode,

and they're concerned about how their water use

i zabrinute su kako njihovo korištenje vode

affects the image of their brand.

utječe na imidž njihove tržišne marke.

Well, it's a national problem,

To je nacionalni problem,

but I'm going to tell you another story from Montana ...

ali ja ću vam ispričati još jednu priču iz Montane,

and it involves beer.

i ona uključuje pivo.

I bet you didn't know, it takes about 5 pints of water

Kladim se da niste znali, kako je potrebno oko tri litre vode

to make a pint of beer.

kako biste napravili pola litre piva.

If you include all the drain,

Ako uključite svu drenažu

it takes more than a hundred pints of water to make a pint of beer.

potrebno je više od 55 litara vode za pola litre piva.

Pivari u Montani

Now the brewers in Montana

have already done a lot to reduce their water consumption,

su već napravili puno

kako bi smanjili potrošnju vode,

but they still use millions of gallons of water.

ali još uvijek koriste milijune litara vode.

I mean, there's water in beer.

Mislim, u pivu ima vode.

So what can they do about this remaining water footprint

Dakle što oni mogu učiniti

s tim ostatkom vodenog otiska

that can have serious effects on the ecosystem?

koji može imati ozbiljne posljedice

za ekosustav?

These ecosystems are really important

Ti ekosustavi su stvarno jako važni

to the Montana brewers and their customers.

za pivare iz Montane i njihove kupce.

After all, there's a strong correlation between water and fishing,

Napokon, postoji snažna korelacija

između vode i ribolova.

and for some, there's a strong correlation between fishing and beer.

I za neke, postoji snažna korelacija

između pecanja i pive.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So the Montana brewers and their customers are concerned

Tako su pivari iz Montane i njihovi kupci zabrinuti,

and they're looking for some way to address the problem.

i gledaju na načine kako riješiti problem.

So how can they address this remaining water footprint?

Dakle kako mogu riješiti taj ostatak vodenog otiska?

Sjećate se Prickly Peara.

Remember Prickly Pear.

Up until now, business water stewardship

Do sada,

poslovno upravljanje vode

has been limited to measuring and reducing,

ograničeno je na mjerenje i smanjivanje,

i mi predlažemo da je slijedeći korak

and we're suggesting that the next step is to restore.

obnoviti.

Sjećate se Prickly Peara.

Remember Prickly Pear.

It's a broken system.

Njegov slomljeni sustav.

You've got a disincentive to conserve,

Imate destimulaciju za očuvanje,

because if you don't use your water right, you risk losing your water right.

jer ako ne koristite vodena prava, riskirate da ih izgubite.

Well, we decided to connect these two worlds --

Mi smo odlučili spojiti ta dva svijeta --

poslovni svijet

the world of the companies with their water footprints

s njihovim vodenim otiscima

and the world of the farmers

i svijet poljoprivrednika

with their senior water rights on these creeks.

s njihovim pravima prvenstva na te potoke.

In some states,

U nekim državama,

senior water rights holders can leave their water in the stream

držatelji prava prvenstva na vodu

mogu ostaviti svoju vodu u potoku

while legally protecting it from others,

pravno je braneći od drugih

i zadržavajući pravo na vodu.

and maintaining their water right.

Napokon,

After all, it is their water right,

to je njihovo pravo na vodu,

and if they want to use that water right to help the fish grow in the stream,

i ako žele koristiti to pravo

kako bi pomogli rast ribe u potoku,

it's their right to do so.

njihovo je pravo da to učine.

But they have no incentive to do so.

Ali nemaju nikakav poticaj za to.

Radeći s lokalnim vodenim trustovima,

So, working with local water trusts, we created an incentive to do so.

stvorili smo poticaje za to.

We pay them to leave their water in stream.

Plaćamo im da ostave svoju vodu u potoku.

To se događa ovdje.

That's what's happening here.

This individual has made the choice and is closing this water diversion,

Ovaj pojedinac je napravio odluku

i zatvara tu vodenu podjelu,

leaving the water in the stream.

ostavljajući vodu u potoku.

He doesn't lose the water right,

On ne gubi pravo na vodu,

he just chooses to apply that right, or some portion of it,

samo izabire kako će primjeniti to pravo,

ili neki njegov dio,

to the stream, instead of to the land.

na potok, umjesto na zemlju.

Because he's the senior water-rights holder,

Jer je on prioritetni imatelj prava na vodu,

on može očuvati vodu od drugih korisnika u potoku.

he can protect the water from other users in the stream.

Dobro?

OK?

He gets paid to leave the water in the stream.

Njemu se plaća da ostavi vodu u potoku.

Ovaj momak mjeri vodu

This guy's measuring the water that this leaves in the stream.

koju on ostavi u potoku.

We then take the measured water,

Onda uzmemo izmjerenu vodu,

we divide it into thousand-gallon increments.

podijelimo je na tisućite dijelove litre.

Each increment gets a serial number and a certificate,

Svaki od dijelova dobije serijski broj i certifikat,

i onda pivari i drugi

and then the brewers and others buy those certificates

kupuju te certifikate

as a way to return water to these degraded ecosystems.

na način da vrate vodu

u te degradirane ekosustave.

The brewers pay to restore water to the stream.

Pivari plaćaju

kako bi se voda vratila u potok.

It provides a simple, inexpensive and measurable way

To osigurava jednostavan, jeftin

i mjerljiv način

za vraćanje vode u te degradirane ekosustave,

to return water to these degraded ecosystems,

while giving farmers an economic choice

dajući poljoprivrednicima ekonomski izbor

and giving businesses concerned about their water footprints

i dajući poduzećima koju su zabrinuta za svoj vodeni otisak

an easy way to deal with them.

lagan način da se s time bore.

After 140 years of conflict and 100 years of dry streams,

Nakon 140 godina sukoba

i 100 godina suhih potoka,

a circumstance that litigation and regulation has not solved,

okolnosti koje parnice i regulacija

nisu mogli riješiti,

stvorili smo tržišno utemeljeno,

we put together a market-based, willing buyer, willing seller solution --

rješenje spremno za kupca, spremno za prodavatelja --

rješenje koje ne zahtjeva parničenje.

a solution that does not require litigation.

It's about giving folks concerned about their water footprints

Radi se o davanju

ljudi koji su zabrinuti za svoj vodeni otisak

a real opportunity to put water where it's critically needed,

stvarnoj prilici

da stave vodu tamo gdje je kritično potrebna,

u te degradirane ekosustave,

into these degraded ecosystems,

while at the same time providing farmers a meaningful economic choice

dok u isto vrijeme

osigurava poljoprivrednicima

smisleni ekonomski izbor

about how their water is used.

o tome kako se njihova voda koristi.

These transactions create allies, not enemies.

Te transakcije stvaraju saveznike, ne neprijatelje.

They connect people rather than dividing them.

One povezuju ljude umjesto da ih razdvajaju.

And they provide needed economic support for rural communities.

I osiguravaju potrebnu ekonomsku podršku ruralnim zajednicama.

I ono najvažnije, stvarno rade.

And most importantly, it's working.

We've returned more than four billion gallons of water to degraded ecosystems.

Vratili smo više od 18 milijardi litara vode

u degradirane ekosustave.

Povezali smo vlasnike prioritetnih vodenih prava

We've connected senior water-rights holders

s pivarima u Montani,

with brewers in Montana,

with hotels and tea companies in Oregon,

s hotelima i kompanijama koje proizvode čaj u Oregonu

and with high-tech companies that use a lot of water in the Southwest.

i s visokotehnološkim kompanijama koje koriste puno vode na jugozapadu.

And when we make these connections,

I kada radimo ta povezivanja,

we can and we do turn this ...

možemo i pretvaramo

ovo u ovo.

into this.

(Applause)

Hvala vam puno.

Thank you very much.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)