Misha Glenny investigates global crime networks

136,867 views ・ 2009-09-14

TED


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Prevoditelj: Janko Mihelić Recezent: Sanjin Vukojevic
00:12
These are grim economic times,
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Teška su vremena za ekonomiju
00:15
fellow TEDsters, grim economic times indeed.
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kolege TEDovci, zaista teška vremena.
00:18
And so, I would like to cheer you up
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I zato bih vas oraspoložio
00:21
with one of the great, albeit largely unknown,
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sa jednim od najvećih, makar ne previše poznatim,
00:24
commercial success stories
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komercijalnim uspjehom
00:26
of the past 20 years.
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zadnjih 20 godina.
00:28
Comparable, in its own very peculiar way,
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Usporediv, na svoj poseban način,
00:31
to the achievements of Microsoft or Google.
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sa uspjesima Microsofta ili Googlea.
00:34
And it's an industry which has bucked the current recession
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I to je industrija koja je izbjegla recesiju
00:37
with equanimity.
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sa lakoćom.
00:39
I refer to organized crime.
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Pričam o organiziranom kriminalu.
00:42
Now organized crime has been around
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Organizirani kriminal postoji
00:44
for a very long time, I hear you say,
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već jako dugo, čujem kako govorite.
00:47
and these would be wise words, indeed.
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I to je zaista istina.
00:49
But in the last two decades,
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Ali u zadnja dva desetljeća
00:52
it has experienced an unprecedented expansion,
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zabilježio je neviđenu ekspanziju.
00:55
now accounting for roughly 15 percent
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Sada predstavlja otprilike 15 posto
00:59
of the world's GDP.
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svjetskog BDP-a.
01:01
I like to call it the Global Shadow Economy,
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Ja ga zovem Globalna Siva Ekonomija.
01:04
or McMafia, for short.
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ili skraćeno, McMafija.
01:07
So what triggered this extraordinary growth
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Što je potaklo ovaj izvanredan rast
01:10
in cross-border crime?
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prekograničnog kriminala?
01:12
Well, of course, there is globalization,
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Naravno, imamo globalizaciju,
01:14
technology, communications, all that stuff,
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tehnologiju, komunikacije, i sve to,
01:17
which we'll talk about a little bit later.
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o čemu ćemo pričati kasnije.
01:20
But first, I would like to take you back
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Ali prvo bih vas vratio
01:23
to this event:
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na slijedeći događaj.
01:25
the collapse of communism.
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Pad komunizma.
01:27
All across Eastern Europe, a most momentous episode
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U cijeloj istočnoj Europi, jako značajan događaj
01:31
in our post-war history.
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u posljeratnoj povijesti.
01:33
Now it's time for full disclosure.
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Vrijeme je da se razotkrijem.
01:36
This event meant a great deal to me personally.
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Ovaj događaj je puno značio za mene osobno.
01:39
I had started smuggling books across the Iron Curtain
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Počeo sam krijumčariti knjige preko željezne zavjese
01:43
to Democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe,
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demokratskim oporbenim grupama u istočnoj Europi,
01:45
like Solidarity in Poland,
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kao Solidarnost u Poljskoj,
01:47
when I was in my teens.
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dok sam bio tinejđer.
01:49
I then started writing about Eastern Europe,
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Tada sam počeo pisati o istočnoj Europi,
01:53
and eventually I became the BBC's chief correspondent for the region,
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i konačno sam postao glavni dopisnik BBCa za regiju.
01:57
which is what I was doing in 1989.
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To sam radio 1989.
02:01
And so when 425 million people
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I zato kad je 425 milijona ljudi
02:05
finally won the right
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napokon dobilo pravo
02:07
to choose their own governments,
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izabrati svoju vladu
02:09
I was ecstatic,
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bio sam presretan.
02:12
but I was also a touch worried
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Ali također sam bio malo zabrinut
02:14
about some of the nastier things
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oko nekih opasnijih stvari
02:16
lurking behind the wall.
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koje su virile iza zida.
02:18
It wasn't long, for example,
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Nije trebalo dugo, na primjer,
02:20
before ethnic nationalism
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da etnički nacionalizam
02:22
reared its bloody head
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proviri svoju krvavu glavu
02:24
in Yugoslavia.
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u Jugoslaviji.
02:26
And amongst the chaos,
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I usred kaosa,
02:28
amidst the euphoria,
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usred euforije,
02:30
it took me a little while to understand
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malo mi je trebalo da shvatim
02:32
that some of the people who had wielded power
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da su neki ljudi koji su rukovali vlašću
02:35
before 1989, in Eastern Europe,
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prije 1989., u istočnoj Europi,
02:39
continued to do so after the revolutions there.
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nastavili sa time nakon revolucija.
02:43
Obviously there were characters like this.
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Naravno, imali smo ovakve likove.
02:47
But there were also some more unexpected people
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Ali imali smo i drugih neočekivanih ljudi
02:51
who played a critical role in what was going on in Eastern Europe.
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koji su odigrali važne uloge u događajima u istočnoj Europi.
02:55
Like this character. Remember these guys?
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Kao ovaj lik. Sjećate se ovih tipova?
02:58
They used to win the gold medals in weightlifting
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Prije su dobivali zlatne medalje u dizanju utega
03:00
and wrestling, every four years in the Olympics,
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i hrvanju, svake četiri godine na Olimpijskim igrama.
03:03
and they were the great celebrities of communism,
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I bili su slavne ličnosti komunizma.
03:06
with a fabulous lifestyle to go with it.
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Sa pripadajućim basnoslovnim stilom života.
03:09
They used to get great apartments in the center of town,
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Dobivali su velike stanove u centru grada.
03:11
casual sex on tap,
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Usputan seks na račun.
03:13
and they could travel to the West very freely,
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I mogli su slobodno putovati na zapad,
03:16
which was a great luxury at the time.
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što je bio veliki luksuz u ono vrijeme.
03:19
It may come as a surprise, but they played a critical role
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Možda vam zvuči čudno, ali oni su igrali značajnu ulogu
03:23
in the emergence of the market economy
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u nastanku tržišnog gospodarstva
03:25
in Eastern Europe.
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u istočnoj Europi.
03:27
Or as I like to call them, they are
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Ili kako ih ja zovem, oni su
03:29
the midwives of capitalism.
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babice kapitalizma.
03:31
Here are some of those same weightlifters
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Evo nekih od tih istih dizača utega
03:34
after their 1989 makeover.
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nakon 1989.
03:37
Now in Bulgaria --
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U Bugarskoj,
03:40
this photograph was taken in Bulgaria --
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ovo je uslikano u Bugarskoj,
03:42
when communism collapsed all over Eastern Europe,
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kad je komunizam pao u posvuda u istočnoj Europi
03:45
it wasn't just communism;
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nije pao samo komunizam,
03:47
it was the state that collapsed as well.
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pala je i država.
03:49
That means your police force wasn't working.
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To znači da policija nije radila.
03:51
The court system wasn't functioning properly.
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Sudstvo nije funkcioniralo kako treba.
03:54
So what was a business man in the brave new world
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Što je poslovni čovjek u vrlom novom Svijetu
03:59
of East European capitalism going to do
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istočno europskog kapitalizma trebao napraviti
04:01
to make sure that his contracts would be honored?
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kako bi osigurao da će njegovi ugovori biti ispoštovani?
04:05
Well, he would turn to people who were called, rather prosaically
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Okrenuo bi se ljudima koje sociolozi zovu, poprilično suhoparno,
04:08
by sociologists, privatized law enforcement agencies.
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privatizirane agencije za provedbu zakona.
04:12
We prefer to know them as the mafia.
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Mi ih radije zovemo mafija.
04:16
And in Bulgaria, the mafia was soon joined
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U Bugarskoj, mafija se uskoro spojila
04:19
with 14,000 people
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sa 14 tisuća ljudi
04:21
who were sacked from their jobs in the security services
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koji su otpušteni sa svojih poslova u sigurnosnim službama
04:25
between 1989 and 1991.
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između 1989. i 1991.
04:27
Now, when your state is collapsing,
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Dakle, država se raspada,
04:31
your economy is heading south at a rate of knots,
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gospodarstvo je ubrzano krenulo prema dolje,
04:34
the last people you want coming on to the labor market
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zadnji ljudi koje želite da dođu na burzu rada
04:37
are 14,000 men and women whose chief skills
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su 14 tisuća muškaraca i žena sa jakim kvalifikacijama
04:40
are surveillance,
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u nadzoru,
04:42
are smuggling, building underground networks
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krijumčarenju, gradnji podzemnih mreža,
04:45
and killing people.
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i ubijanju ljudi.
04:48
But that's what happened all over Eastern Europe.
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Ali to se desilo po cijeloj istočnoj Europi.
04:51
Now, when I was working in the 1990s,
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Kad sam radio 1990-tih
04:56
I spent most of the time covering
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većinu vremena sam pratio
04:59
the appalling conflict in Yugoslavia.
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grozan sukob u Jugoslaviji.
05:02
And I couldn't help notice
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I nisam mogao ne vidjeti
05:04
that the people who were perpetrating the appalling atrocities,
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da ljudi koji su izvršavali strašne zločine,
05:08
the paramilitary organizations,
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paravojne organizacije,
05:11
were actually the same people running
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su zapravo isti ljudi koji su vodili
05:13
the organized criminal syndicates.
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mreže organiziranog kriminala.
05:16
And I came to think that behind the violence
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I palo mi je na pamet da iza nasilja
05:20
lay a sinister criminal enterprise.
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stoji mračno kriminalno gospodarstvo.
05:23
And so I resolved to travel around the world
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I zato sam odlučio da ću putovati oko svijeta
05:27
examining this global criminal underworld
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i istraživati ovo globalno kriminalno podzemlje
05:30
by talking to policemen,
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pričajući sa policajcima,
05:32
by talking to victims, by talking to consumers
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pričajući sa žrtvama, pričajući sa konzumentima
05:35
of illicit goods and services.
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nezakonitih roba i usluga.
05:37
But above all else, by talking to the gangsters themselves.
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Ali iznad svega drugog, pričajući sa samim gangsterima.
05:42
And the Balkans was a fabulous place to start.
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Balkan je bio sjajno mjesto za početak.
05:45
Why? Well of course
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Zašto? Pa naravno
05:47
there was the issue of law and order collapsing,
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postojalo je pitanje propadanja reda i zakona.
05:49
but also, as they say in the retail trade,
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Ali također, kako kažu u trgovini na malo,
05:51
it's location, location, location.
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važna je lokacija, lokacija, lokacija.
05:55
And what I noticed at the beginning of my research
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I ono što sam primjetio na početku mojih istraživanja
05:57
that the Balkans had turned into a vast transit zone
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jest da je Balkan postao velika tranzitna zona
06:02
for illicit goods and services coming from all over the world.
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za nezakonite robe i usluge iz cijelog Svijeta.
06:05
Heroin, cocaine,
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Heroin, kokain,
06:07
women being trafficked into prostitution
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prodaja žena u prostituciju
06:10
and precious minerals.
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i dragocjeni minerali.
06:12
And where were they heading?
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A kuda su išli?
06:14
The European Union, which by now
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U Europsku Uniju, koja je tada
06:16
was beginning to reap the benefits of globalization,
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počinjala žeti blagodati globalizacije.
06:20
transforming it into
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Pretvarajući se tako
06:22
the most affluent consumer market in history,
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u najbogatije potrošačko tržište u povijesti,
06:25
eventually comprising some 500 million people.
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na kraju se sastojeći od 500 milijuna ljudi.
06:28
And a significant minority
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I značajna manjina
06:31
of those 500 million people
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od tih 500 milijuna ljudi
06:33
like to spend some of their leisure time and spare cash
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voli trošiti svoje slobodno vrijeme i novac
06:36
sleeping with prostitutes,
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spavajući sa prostitutkama,
06:38
sticking 50 Euro notes up their nose
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gurajući novčanice od 50 Eura u nos
06:41
and employing illegal migrant laborers.
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i zapošljavajući nezakonite migrantske radnike.
06:44
Now, organized crime in a globalizing world
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Organizirani kriminal u globalističkom Svijetu
06:48
operates in the same way as any other business.
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djeluje na isti način kao i drugi poslovi.
06:50
It has zones of production,
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Ima zone proizvodnje,
06:53
like Afghanistan and Columbia.
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kao Afganistan i Kolumbija.
06:56
It has zones of distribution,
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Ima zone distribucije,
06:58
like Mexico and the Balkans.
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kao Meksiko i Balkan.
07:01
And then, of course, it has zones of consumption,
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I naravno, ima zone potrošnje,
07:05
like the European Union, Japan
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kao Europska Unija, Japan
07:07
and of course, the United States.
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i naravno, Sjedinjene Države.
07:10
The zones of production and distribution
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Zone proizvodnje i distribucije
07:13
tend to lie in the developing world,
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obično leže u zemljama u razvoju.
07:16
and they are often threatened by appalling violence
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I one su obično izložene groznom nasilju
07:20
and bloodshed.
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i krvoproliću.
07:22
Take Mexico, for example.
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Uzmimo Meksiko.
07:24
Six thousand people killed there in the last 18 months
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Šest tisuća ljudi ubijeno je tamo u zadnjih 18 mjeseci
07:28
as a direct consequence of the cocaine trade.
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kao direktna posljedica trgovine kokainom.
07:32
But what about the Democratic Republic of Congo?
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A što sa Demokratskom Republikom Kongo?
07:36
Since 1998, five million people have died there.
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Od 1998., tamo je umrlo pet milijona ljudi.
07:42
It's not a conflict you read about much in the newspapers,
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O tom se sukobu ne čita puno u novinama.
07:44
but it's the biggest conflict on this planet
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Ali to je najveći sukob na ovom planetu
07:47
since the Second World War.
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od Drugog svjetskog rata.
07:49
And why is it? Because mafias from all around the world
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I zašto postoji? Jer mafije iz cijelog svijeta
07:52
cooperate with local paramilitaries
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surađuju sa lokalnim paravojskama
07:55
in order to seize the supplies
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kako bi se dokopali zaliha
07:58
of the rich mineral resources
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bogatih mineralnih resursa
08:00
of the region.
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te regije.
08:02
In the year 2000, 80 percent of the world's coltan
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Godine 2000., 80 posto svjetskog koltana
08:06
was sourced to the killing fields
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je dolazilo iz polja smrti
08:08
of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
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istoka Demokratske Republike Kongo.
08:12
Now, coltan you will find in almost every mobile phone,
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Koltan možete naći u svakom mobitelu,
08:16
in almost every laptop
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u skoro svakom laptopu
08:18
and games console.
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i igraćoj konzoli.
08:20
The Congolese war lords were selling this stuff to the mafia
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Kongolski gospodari rata su to prodavali mafiji
08:23
in exchange for weapons,
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u zamjenu za oružje.
08:25
and the mafia would then sell it on to Western markets.
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A mafija je dalje prodavala na Zapadno tržište.
08:29
And it is this Western desire
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I ta zapadnjačka strast
08:31
to consume
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za potrošnjom
08:33
that is the primary driver
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je glavni pokretač
08:36
of international organized crime.
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međunarodnog organiziranog kriminala.
08:39
Now, let me show you some of my friends in action,
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Da vam pokažem neke od mojih prijatelja u akciji,
08:43
caught conveniently on film by the Italian police,
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snimljenih od strane talijanske policije
08:46
and smuggling duty-not-paid cigarettes.
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dok krijumčare neocarinjene cigarete.
08:49
Now, cigarettes out the factory gate are very cheap.
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Cigarete sa tvorničkom cijenom su jako jeftine.
08:52
The European Union then imposes the highest taxes on them in the world.
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Europska Unija tada na njih nameće najviši porez na svijetu.
08:56
So if you can smuggle them into the E.U.,
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Dakle ako ih možeš prokrijumčariti u E.U.
08:59
there are very handsome profits to be made,
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možeš zaraditi velike svote.
09:02
and I want to show you this to demonstrate
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I želim vam ovo pokazati kako bih demonstrirao
09:04
the type of resources available to these groups.
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koliko resursa imaju ove grupe.
09:07
This boat is worth one million Euros when it's new.
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Ovaj brod vrijedi milijon Eura kad je nov.
09:11
And it's the fastest thing on European waters.
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I najbrži je u Europskim vodama.
09:15
From 1994, for seven years,
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Od 1994., već sedam godina,
09:18
20 of these boats
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20 ovih brodova
09:20
made the trip across the Adriatic,
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prešlo je Jadransko more
09:23
from Montenegro to Italy, every single night.
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iz Crne Gore u Italiju, svaku noć.
09:26
And as a consequence of this trade,
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I kao posljedica ove trgovine
09:28
Britain alone lost eight billion dollars in revenue.
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samo Britanija je izgubila osam bilijuna dolara prihoda.
09:33
And instead that money went to underwrite the wars in Yugoslavia
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Umjesto toga, taj novac je otišao obilježiti ratove u Jugoslaviji
09:37
and line the pockets of unscrupulous individuals.
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i podstaviti džepove beskrupuloznih pojedinaca.
09:41
Now Italian police, when this trade started,
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Talijanska policija je, kad je ova trgovina počela,
09:44
had just two boats which could go at the same speed.
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imala samo dva broda koja su mogla ići istom brzinom.
09:48
And this is very important, because the only way you can catch these guys
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I ovo je jako važno, jer jedini način na koji možeš uloviti ove tipove
09:50
is if they run out of gas.
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je ako ostanu bez goriva.
09:53
Sometimes the gangsters would bring with them
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Ponekad bi gangsteri poveli sa sobom
09:55
women being trafficked into prostitution,
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ženu kojom se trguje u prostituciju.
09:58
and if the police intervened, they would hurl
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I kad bi policija intervenirala, oni bi
10:00
the women into the sea
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bacili ženu u more
10:03
so that the police had to go and save them from drowning,
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kako bi ju policija morala spasiti od utapanja,
10:05
rather than chasing the bad guys.
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umjesto da ih hvata.
10:09
So I have shown you this to demonstrate
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Pokazao sam vam ovo kako bih demonstrirao
10:12
how many boats, how many vessels it takes
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koliko brodova, koliko plovila treba
10:14
to catch one of these guys.
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kako bi ulovili jednog od ovih tipova.
10:16
And the answer is six vessels.
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Odgovor je šest plovila.
10:18
And remember, 20 of these speed boats
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Zapamtite, 20 ovih glisera
10:21
were coming across the Adriatic
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je dolazilo preko Jadrana
10:23
every single night.
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svake noći.
10:25
So what were these guys doing with all the money they were making?
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I što su ovi momci radili sa svim tim novcem?
10:29
Well, this is where we come to globalization,
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Tu dolazimo do globalizacije
10:33
because that was not just the deregulation of global trade.
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jer to nije samo deregulacija globalne trgovine.
10:36
It was the liberalization of international financial markets.
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To je liberalizacija međunarodnih novčanih tržišta.
10:39
And boy, did that make it easy
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A bome su olakšali
10:42
for the money launderers.
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peračima novca.
10:44
The last two decades have been the champagne era
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Zadnjih dva desetljeća bili su zlatno doba
10:47
for dirty lucre.
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prljave dobiti.
10:49
In the 1990s, we saw financial centers around the world
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1990-tih smo vidjeli novčane centre oko Svijeta
10:53
competing for their business,
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kako se natječu za njihove poslove.
10:56
and there was simply no effective mechanism
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I jednostavno nije bilo učinkovitog mehanizma
10:58
to prevent money laundering.
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za sprječavanje pranja novca.
11:00
And a lot of licit banks were also happy
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I puno legalnih banaka je također rado
11:03
to accept deposits
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primalo depozite
11:06
from very dubious sources
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iz vrlo sumnjivih izvora
11:08
without questions being asked.
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bez ikakvih pitanja.
11:11
But at the heart of this, is the offshore banking network.
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Ali u srcu ovoga, je mreža offshore banaka.
11:15
Now these things
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Ove stvari su
11:18
are an essential part of the money laundering parade,
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najvažniji dio ove parade pranja novca.
11:21
and if you want to do something about illegal tax evasion
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I želiš li spriječiti nezakonito izbjegavanje poreza
11:25
and transnational organized crime, money laundering,
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i međunarnodni organizirani kriminal, pranje novca
11:29
you have to get rid of them.
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moraš ih se rješiti.
11:31
On a positive note, we at last have someone in the White House
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Pozitivno je da napokon imamo nekoga u Bijeloj kući
11:34
who has consistently spoken out
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tko dosljedno govori
11:37
against these corrosive entities.
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protiv ovih nagrizajućih jedinki.
11:40
And if anyone is concerned about what I believe
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I ako je itko zabrinut o onome za što ja vjerujem
11:44
is the necessity for
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da je nužno
11:47
new legislation, regulation, effective regulation,
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novi zakoni, učinkovita regulacija,
11:50
I say, let's take a look at Bernie Madoff,
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onda je to Bernie Madoff,
11:54
who is now going to be spending the rest of his life in jail.
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koji će ostatak svog života provesti u zatvoru.
11:58
Bernie Madoff stole 65 billion dollars.
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Bernie Madoff je ukrao 65 bilijuna dolara.
12:04
That puts him up there on the Olympus of gangsters
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To ga stavlja na Olimp gangstera
12:07
with the Colombian cartels
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zajedno sa kolumbijskim kartelima,
12:09
and the major Russian crime syndicates,
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i najvećim ruskim mafijama.
12:12
but he did this for decades
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Ali on je to radio desetljećima
12:14
in the very heart of Wall Street,
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u srcu Wall streeta.
12:16
and no regulator picked up on it.
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I nijedan regulator nije ništa zapazio.
12:19
So how many other Madoffs are there on Wall Street
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Koliko još Madoffa ima u Wall streetu,
12:22
or in the city of London,
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ili u Londonu,
12:24
fleecing ordinary folk
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dok muzu pošten narod,
12:26
and money laundering?
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i peru novac?
12:28
Well I can tell you, it's quite a few of them.
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Ja vam mogu reći, ima ih popriličan broj.
12:32
Let me go on to the 101 of international organized crime now.
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Da vam objasnim osnove međunarodnog organiziranog kriminala.
12:36
And that is narcotics. Our second marijuana farm photograph for the morning.
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A to su narkotici. Druga slika farme marihuane danas.
12:40
This one, however, is in central British Columbia
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Ova je iz centralne Britanske Kolumbije
12:43
where I photographed it.
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gdje sam ju uslikao.
12:45
It's one of the tens of thousands
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To je jedna od desetaka tisuća
12:47
of mom-and-pop grow-ops in B.C.
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obiteljskih farmi u Britanskoj Kolumbiji
12:50
which ensure that over five percent
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koja omogućuje da preko pet posto
12:53
of the province's GDP is accounted for by this trade.
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BDP-a ove provincije dolazi iz ove trgovine.
12:57
Now, I was taken by inspector Brian Cantera,
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Inspektor Brian Cantera
13:02
of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
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iz Kraljevske kanadske policijske konjice
13:04
to a cavernous warehouse east of Vancouver
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me doveo u pećinsko skladište istočno od Vancouvera
13:06
to see some of the goods which are regularly confiscated
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da vidim robu koja se redovito oduzima
13:10
by the RCMP
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od krijumčara
13:12
from the smugglers who are sending it,
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koji ju šalju,
13:14
of course, down south to the United States
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naravno, južno u Sjedinjene Države
13:17
where there is an insatiable market
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gdje je nezasitno tržište
13:19
for B.C. Bud, as it's called,
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za B.C. Bud (Pup), kako ga zovu
13:22
in part because it's marketed as organic,
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djelom zato što se reklamira kao organsko,
13:24
which of course goes down very well in California.
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što dobro prolazi u Kaliforniji.
13:28
(Laughter)
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(Smjeh)
13:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:31
Now, even by the police's admission,
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I policija priznaje da
13:34
this makes not a dent in the profits, really,
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veliki izvoznici ove zaplijene
13:39
of the major exporters.
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niti ne osjete.
13:41
Since the beginning of globalization,
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Od početaka globalizacije
13:43
the global narcotics market has expanded enormously.
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globalno tržište narkotika je enormno naraslo.
13:47
There has, however, been no concomitant increase
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Međutim, nije bilo pratećeg rasta
13:50
in the resources available
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resursa dostupnih
13:53
to police forces.
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snagama policije.
13:55
This, however, may all be about to change,
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Ovo se sve možda promjeni.
14:00
because something very strange is going on.
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Jer nešto jako čudno se dešava.
14:02
The United Nations recognized
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Ujedinjeni narodi su prepoznali
14:04
earlier this -- it was last month actually --
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prije mjesec dana,
14:07
that Canada has become a key area of distribution and production
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da je Kanada postala ključno područje za distribuciju i proizvodnju
14:13
of ecstasy and other synthetic drugs.
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ekstazija i drugih sintetičnih droga.
14:17
Interestingly, the market share
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Zanimljivo, tržišni udio
14:19
of heroin and cocaine is going down,
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heroina i kokaina opada
14:22
because the pills are getting ever better at reproducing their highs.
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jer pilule počinju djelovati sve bolje.
14:27
Now that is a game changer,
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Ovo mjenja cijelu igru.
14:31
because it shifts production away from the developing world
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Jer prebacuje proizvodnju iz zemalja u razvoju
14:35
and into the Western world.
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u zapadnjački svijet.
14:39
When that happens, it is a trend
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Kad se to dogodi to je trend
14:41
which is set to overwhelm our policing capacity in the West.
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koji može pregaziti mogućnosti naše politike tu na zapadu.
14:45
The drugs policy which we've had in place for 40 years
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Politika droga koju imamo već 40 godina
14:49
is long overdue for a very serious rethink,
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davno je morala donijeti važne promjene,
14:54
in my opinion.
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po mom mišljenju.
14:56
Now, the recession.
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Recesija.
14:58
Well, organized crime has already adapted
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Organizirani kriminal se već prilagodio
15:00
very well to the recession.
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vrlo dobro za recesiju.
15:02
Not surprising, the most opportunistic industry
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Nije čudno, najoportunističkija industrija
15:04
in the whole world.
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na svijetu.
15:06
And it has no rules to its regulatory system.
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I nema pravila u svojem sustavu regulacija.
15:10
Except, of course, it has two business risks:
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Osim, naravno, što ima dva poslovna rizika,
15:14
arrest by law enforcement,
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uhićenje zakonom,
15:16
which is, frankly, the least of their worries,
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što je, iskreno, njihova najmanja briga,
15:18
and competition from other groups,
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i konkurencija ostalih grupa,
15:21
i.e. a bullet in the back of the head.
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ili metak u glavu.
15:23
What they've done is they've shifted their operations.
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Ono što su napravili je pomak svojih operacija.
15:26
People don't smoke as much dope, or visit prostitutes quite so frequently
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Ljudi više ne puše toliko droge, i ne idu prostitutkama tako često
15:30
during a recession.
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za vrijeme recesije.
15:32
And so instead, they have invaded financial
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I tako su ušli u novčani
15:34
and corporate crime in a big way,
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i poslovni kriminal na velika vrata,
15:36
but above all, two sectors,
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ali iznad svega, dva područja,
15:38
and that is counterfeit goods
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a to su falsificiranje robe
15:41
and cybercrime.
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i računalni kriminal.
15:43
And it's been terribly successful.
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I jako su uspješni.
15:45
I would like to introduce you to Mr. Pringle.
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Upoznao bih vas sa G. Pringleom.
15:48
Or perhaps I should say, more accurately, Señor Pringle.
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Ili da kažem, točnije, Señor Pringle.
15:52
I was introduced to this bit of kit by a Brazilian cybercriminal.
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Brazilski računalni kriminalac me upoznao sa tom opremom.
15:56
We sat in a car on the Avenue Paulista
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Sjeli smo u automobil na aveniju Paulista
15:58
in São Paulo, together.
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u São Paulu, zajedno.
16:00
Hooked it up to my laptop,
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Spojio ju je sa mojim laptopom,
16:02
and within about five minutes he had penetrated
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i za pet minuta ušao je
16:05
the computer security system
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u računalni sigurnosni sustav
16:07
of a major Brazilian bank.
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jedne velike brazilske banke.
16:10
It's really not that difficult.
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Nije to tako teško.
16:12
And it's actually much easier because
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I puno je lakše jer
16:15
the fascinating thing about cybercrime
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zanimljiva star kod računalnog kriminala
16:17
is that it's not so much the technology.
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je da stvar nije toliko u tehnologiji.
16:21
The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering.
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Ključ kod računalnog kriminala je u socijalnom inženjeringu.
16:25
Or to use the technical term for it,
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Ili da se tehnički izrazim,
16:27
there's one born every minute.
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budale su na svakom koraku.
16:30
You would not believe how easy it is
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Ne biste vjerovali koliko je lagano
16:33
to persuade people to do things with their computers
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nagovoriti ljude da rade na svom računalu
16:36
which are objectively not in their interest.
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stvari koje im nisu u interesu.
16:39
And it was very soon
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I vrlo su brzo
16:41
when the cybercriminals learned that the quickest way to do this,
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računalni kriminalci naučili da je to najlakše napraviti,
16:43
of course, the quickest way to a person's wallet
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naravno, najbrže dođeš do nečijeg novčanika
16:47
is through the promise of sex and love.
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preko obećanja seksa i ljubavi.
16:50
I expect some of you remember the ILOVEYOU virus,
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Vjerujem da se neki sjećaju Volim-Te virusa,
16:53
one of the very great worldwide viruses that came.
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jednog od najvećih svjetskih virusa.
16:57
I was very fortunate when the ILOVEYOU virus came out,
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Imao sam sreće kad je Volim-Te virus izašao.
17:00
because the first person I received it from
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Jer prva osoba od koje sam ga dobio
17:03
was an ex-girlfriend of mine.
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je bila moja bivša djevojka.
17:05
Now, she harbored all sorts of sentiments and emotions towards me at the time,
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Ona je gajila razne osjećaje prema meni u to vrijeme
17:10
but love was not amongst them.
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ali ljubav nije bio jedan od njih.
17:12
(Laughter)
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(Smjeh)
17:14
And so as soon as I saw this drop into my inbox,
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I zato čim sam vidio to u svojem pretincu za poštu
17:18
I dispatched it hastily to the recycle bin
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bacio sam ga odmah u kantu za smeće,
17:21
and spared myself a very nasty infection.
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i spasio se od gadne infekcije.
17:26
So, cybercrime, do watch out for it.
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Dakle, računalni kriminal, pazite na njega.
17:30
One thing that we do know that the Internet is doing
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Ono što znamo da Internet radi
17:32
is the Internet is assisting these guys.
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je, da pomaže ovim tipovima.
17:35
These are mosquitos who carry the malarial parasite
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To su komarci koji prenose parazit malarije
17:38
which infests our blood when the mosy has had a free meal
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Koji zarazi našu krv kad komarac dobije besplatan obrok
17:42
at our expense.
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na naš račun.
17:44
Now, Artesunate is a very effective drug
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Artesunat je jako učinkovita droga
17:47
at destroying the parasite in the early days
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kod uništavanja parazita u ranim danima
17:50
of infection.
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infekcije.
17:52
But over the past year or so,
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Ali zadnjih godinu dana
17:54
researchers in Cambodia have discovered
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istraživači u Kambođi su otkrili
17:57
that what's happening is
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da se dešava
18:00
the malarial parasite is developing a resistance.
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da parazit malarije razvija otpornost.
18:03
And they fear that the reason why it's developing a resistance
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I boje se da je razlog razvijanja otpornosti
18:06
is because Cambodians can't afford the drugs on the commercial market,
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taj da si Kambođani ne mogu priuštiti lijek na trgovačkom tržištu,
18:10
and so they buy it from the Internet.
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pa ga kupuju sa Interneta.
18:13
And these pills contain only low doses
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A te pilule imaju samo male doze
18:15
of the active ingredient.
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aktivnog sastojka.
18:17
Which is why
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Zato se dešava da
18:19
the parasite is beginning to develop a resistance.
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parazit počinje razvijati otpornost.
18:23
The reason I say this
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Razlog zašto vam ovo pričam
18:25
is because we have to know
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je taj da moramo znati
18:27
that organized crime
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da organizirani kriminal
18:29
impacts all sorts of areas of our lives.
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utječe na sva područja naših života.
18:32
You don't have to sleep with prostitutes
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Ne trebate spavati sa prostitutkom
18:35
or take drugs
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ili uzimati droge
18:37
in order to have a relationship with organized crime.
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kako bi imali vezu sa organiziranim kriminalom.
18:39
They affect our bank accounts.
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Oni utječu na naš bankovni račun.
18:41
They affect our communications, our pension funds.
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Oni utječu na komunikacije, na mirovinske fondove.
18:43
They even affect the food that we eat
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Čak utječu na hranu koju jedemo
18:47
and our governments.
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i na vlade.
18:49
This is no longer an issue
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Ovo više nije problem
18:52
of Sicilians from Palermo and New York.
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Sicilijanaca iz Palerma i New Yorka.
18:55
There is no romance involved with gangsters
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Nema romantike kod gangstera
18:58
in the 21st Century.
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21. stoljeća.
19:00
This is a mighty industry,
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To je snažna industrija
19:03
and it creates instability and violence
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i ona stvara nestabilnost i nasilje
19:06
wherever it goes.
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gdje god dođe.
19:08
It is a major economic force
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To je snažna gospodarska sila
19:10
and we need to take it very, very seriously.
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i moramo ju uzeti jako, jako ozbiljno.
19:14
It's been a privilege talking to you.
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Bila mi je čast pričati pred vama.
19:16
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
19:18
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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