Carolyn Steel: How food shapes our cities

178,716 views ・ 2009-10-05

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Prevoditelj: Sanja Blažević Recezent: Silvija Florijan
00:12
How do you feed a city?
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Kako biste nahranili grad?
00:16
It's one of the great questions of our time.
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To je jedno od većih pitanja današnjice.
00:18
Yet it's one that's rarely asked.
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Ipak rijetko se postavlja.
00:20
We take it for granted that if we go into a shop
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Uzimamo zdravo za gotovo da ako odemo u trgovinu
00:23
or restaurant, or indeed into this theater's foyer in about an hour's time,
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ili restoran, ili u predvorje kazališta na sat vremena,
00:27
there is going to be food there waiting for us,
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da će biti hrane koja nas čeka
00:30
having magically come from somewhere.
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i koja je čarobno odnekuda došla.
00:32
But when you think that every day for a city the size of London,
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Ali ako razmislite o tome da svakodnevno za grad veličine Londona,
00:37
enough food has to be produced,
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dovoljno hrane treba biti proizvedeno,
00:40
transported, bought and sold,
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transportirano, kupljeno i prodano,
00:43
cooked, eaten, disposed of,
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kuhano, pojedeno, zbrinuto,
00:47
and that something similar has to happen every day
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i da se nešto tomu slično treba svakodnevno događati
00:49
for every city on earth,
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u svakom gradu na zemlji,
00:51
it's remarkable that cities get fed at all.
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izvanredno je da se gradovi uopće prehrane.
00:54
We live in places like this as if
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Živimo u takvim mjestima kao da su
00:56
they're the most natural things in the world,
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to najprirodnija mjesta na svijetu,
00:59
forgetting that because we're animals
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zaboravljajući da stoga što smo životinje
01:01
and that we need to eat,
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i jer moramo jesti,
01:03
we're actually as dependent on the natural world
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zapravo ovisimo o prirodnome svijetu
01:07
as our ancient ancestors were.
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kao naši drevni preci.
01:09
And as more of us move into cities,
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I što nas se više seli u gradove,
01:11
more of that natural world is being
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sve se više prirodnog svijeta
01:14
transformed into extraordinary landscapes like the one behind me --
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pretvara u nevjerojatne krajeve kao što je ovaj iza mene,
01:17
it's soybean fields in Mato Grosso in Brazil --
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to su polja soje u Mata Grossu, u Brazilu,
01:20
in order to feed us.
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kako bi nas prehranio.
01:23
These are extraordinary landscapes,
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Ovo su nevjerojatni krajolici.
01:25
but few of us ever get to see them.
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Ali malo nas ih ikada vidi.
01:27
And increasingly these landscapes
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I sve je češće da ovakvi krajolici
01:29
are not just feeding us either.
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ne prehranjuju samo nas.
01:31
As more of us move into cities,
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Što nas se više seli u gradove,
01:33
more of us are eating meat,
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sve nas više jede meso,
01:35
so that a third of the annual grain crop globally
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i tako trećina svjetskih godišnjih usjeva žitarica
01:38
now gets fed to animals
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odlazi na prehranu životinja
01:40
rather than to us human animals.
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negoli nas ljudskih životinja.
01:42
And given that it takes three times as much grain --
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A činjenica da je potrebno tri puta više žitarica --
01:46
actually ten times as much grain --
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zapravo deset puta više žitarica --
01:48
to feed a human if it's passed through an animal first,
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da bi se nahranilo čovjeka ako se prije toga hranilo životinju,
01:51
that's not a very efficient way of feeding us.
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to nije najefikasniji način da se prehranimo.
01:56
And it's an escalating problem too.
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I to je zapravo eskalirajući problem.
01:58
By 2050, it's estimated that twice the number
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Procjenjuje se da će se do 2050. udvostručiti broj
02:01
of us are going to be living in cities.
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nas koji ćemo živjeti u gradovima.
02:03
And it's also estimated that there is going to be twice as much
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I procjenjuje se da će biti potrebno duplo više
02:05
meat and dairy consumed.
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mesa i mliječnih proizvoda za potrošnju.
02:07
So meat and urbanism are rising hand in hand.
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Dakle meso i urbanizam se povećavaju zajedno.
02:12
And that's going to pose an enormous problem.
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I to će predstavljati golemi problem.
02:14
Six billion hungry carnivores to feed,
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Nahraniti šest milijardi gladnih mesoždera,
02:17
by 2050.
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do 2050.
02:21
That's a big problem. And actually if we carry on as we are,
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To je veliki problem. I zapravo ako nastavimo kao sada,
02:23
it's a problem we're very unlikely to be able to solve.
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to je problem kojeg vrlo vjerojatno nećemo moći riješiti.
02:26
Nineteen million hectares of rainforest are lost every year
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19 milijuna hektara prašume nestane svake godine
02:30
to create new arable land.
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da bi se stvorila nova obradiva površina zemlje.
02:32
Although at the same time we're losing an equivalent amount
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Iako u isto vrijeme gubimo jednaku količinu
02:35
of existing arables to salinization and erosion.
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postojećih obradivih površina zbog salinizacije i erozije.
02:39
We're very hungry for fossil fuels too.
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Također smo pohlepni i za fosilnim gorivima.
02:42
It takes about 10 calories to produce every calorie
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Potrebno je 10 kalorija da bi se proizvela jedna kalorija
02:45
of food that we consume in the West.
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hrane koju konzumiramo na Zapadu.
02:49
And even though there is food that we are producing at great cost,
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Iako postoji hrana koju proizvodimo uz veliki trošak
02:53
we don't actually value it.
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zapravo je ne cijenimo.
02:55
Half the food produced in the USA is currently thrown away.
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Polovica hrane proizvedeno u SAD-u se trenutno baca.
02:59
And to end all of this, at the end of this long process,
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I na kraju svega, na kraju tog dugog procesa,
03:02
we're not even managing to feed the planet properly.
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ne uspijevamo valjano prehraniti planet.
03:05
A billion of us are obese, while a further billion starve.
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Milijardu nas je pretilo dok druga milijarda gladuje.
03:10
None of it makes very much sense.
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Ništa od toga nema pretjerano smisla.
03:12
And when you think that 80 percent of global trade in food now
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I kada razmislite da upravo 80 posto svjetske trgovine hranom
03:15
is controlled by just five multinational corporations,
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kontrolira tek pet multinacionalnih korporacija,
03:20
it's a grim picture.
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to je strašna slika.
03:22
As we're moving into cities, the world is also embracing a Western diet.
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Kako se selimo u gradove, svijet prihvaća zapadnjačku prehranu.
03:25
And if we look to the future,
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I ako pogledamo u budućnost
03:28
it's an unsustainable diet.
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to je neodrživa prehrana.
03:30
So how did we get here?
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Kako smo došli ovdje?
03:32
And more importantly, what are we going to do about it?
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I još važnije, što ćemo učiniti?
03:35
Well, to answer the slightly easier question first,
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Pa, prvo da odgovorim na nešto jednostavnije pitanje,
03:39
about 10,000 years ago, I would say,
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prije otprilike 10 000 godina, rekla bih,
03:41
is the beginning of this process
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započeo je taj proces.
03:43
in the ancient Near East,
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Na drevnom Bliskom istoku,
03:45
known as the Fertile Crescent.
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poznatom kao Dolina plodnog polumjeseca.
03:47
Because, as you can see, it was crescent shaped.
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Jer kao što vidite ima oblik polumjeseca.
03:49
And it was also fertile.
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I isto tako, vrlo je plodna.
03:51
And it was here, about 10,000 years ago,
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I tu su, prije otprilike 10 000 godina,
03:54
that two extraordinary inventions,
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nastala ta dva izvanredna izuma,
03:56
agriculture and urbanism, happened
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poljoprivreda i urbanizam,
03:59
roughly in the same place and at the same time.
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približno na istome mjestu i u isto vrijeme.
04:02
This is no accident,
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To nije slučajnost.
04:04
because agriculture and cities are bound together. They need each other.
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Jer su poljoprivreda i gradovi međusobno povezani. Trebaju jedno drugo.
04:08
Because it was discovery of grain
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Pronalazak žitarica,
04:10
by our ancient ancestors for the first time
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od strane naših predaka, po prvi je put,
04:13
that produced a food source that was large enough
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stvorio izvor hrane dovoljan
04:16
and stable enough to support permanent settlements.
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i stabilan da održava trajna naselja.
04:20
And if we look at what those settlements were like,
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I ako pogledamo izgled tih naselja,
04:22
we see they were compact.
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vidimo da su bila vrlo zbijena.
04:24
They were surrounded by productive farm land
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Bila su okružena plodnim poljoprivrednim zemljištem
04:26
and dominated by large temple complexes
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i dominirali su veliki hramski kompleksi
04:29
like this one at Ur,
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poput ovoga u Uru,
04:31
that were, in fact, effectively,
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koji su, zapravo, bili učinkoviti
04:33
spiritualized, central food distribution centers.
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duhovni, središnji centri za distribuciju hrane
04:36
Because it was the temples that organized the harvest,
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jer su hramovi organizirali žetvu,
04:39
gathered in the grain, offered it to the gods,
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prikupljali žitarice, prinosili ih bogovima,
04:41
and then offered the grain that the gods didn't eat back to the people.
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i zatim nudili žitarice koje bogovi nisu pojeli natrag ljudima.
04:45
So, if you like,
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I time, ako želite,
04:47
the whole spiritual and physical life of these cities
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čitav duhovni i tjelesni život tih gradova
04:49
was dominated by the grain and the harvest
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je bio obilježen žitaricama i žetvom
04:52
that sustained them.
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koja ih je održavala.
04:55
And in fact, that's true of every ancient city.
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I to je zapravo istina za svaki drevni grad.
04:58
But of course not all of them were that small.
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No naravno nisu svi bili tako mali.
05:00
Famously, Rome had about a million citizens
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Poznato je da je Rim imao oko milijun građana
05:03
by the first century A.D.
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u prvom stoljeću A.D.
05:05
So how did a city like this feed itself?
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Kako se takav grad prehranjivao?
05:09
The answer is what I call "ancient food miles."
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Odgovor je u onom što ja nazivam "drevnim putovima hrane".
05:12
Basically, Rome had access to the sea,
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U osnovici, Rim je imao pristup moru,
05:15
which made it possible for it to import food from a very long way away.
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što je omogućilo da se uvozi hrana iz dalekih krajeva.
05:18
This is the only way it was possible to do this in the ancient world,
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To je bio jedini mogući način da se to čini u drevnome svijetu
05:21
because it was very difficult to transport food over roads,
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jer je bilo vrlo teško prevoziti hranu cestama,
05:24
which were rough.
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koje su bile neravne.
05:26
And the food obviously went off very quickly.
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I hrana je očigledno nestajala vrlo brzo.
05:28
So Rome effectively waged war
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I tako je Rim učinkovito vodio rat
05:30
on places like Carthage and Egypt
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u mjestima poput Kartage i Egipta
05:33
just to get its paws on their grain reserves.
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kako bi se dočepao skladišta žitarica.
05:35
And, in fact, you could say that the expansion of the Empire
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I zapravo se može reći da je ekspanzija Carstva
05:38
was really sort of one long, drawn out
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bila u stvarnosti jedno dugo, otegnuto
05:41
militarized shopping spree, really.
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militarizirano masovno kupovanje.
05:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:45
In fact -- I love the fact, I just have to mention this:
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Činjenica je -- volim činjenice, moram to spomenuti:
05:47
Rome in fact used to import oysters from London,
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Rim je zapravo uvozio kamenice iz Londona,
05:50
at one stage. I think that's extraordinary.
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u jednom razdoblju. Mislim da je to izvanredno.
05:52
So Rome shaped its hinterland
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Dakle Rim je stvorio zaleđe
05:55
through its appetite.
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kroz svoj apetit.
05:57
But the interesting thing is that the other thing also
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Ali zanimljiva je stvar da se nešto drugo također
05:59
happened in the pre-industrial world.
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dogodilo u predindustrijskom svijetu.
06:01
If we look at a map of London in the 17th century,
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Ako pogledamo kartu Londona iz 17. stoljeća,
06:04
we can see that its grain, which is coming in from the Thames,
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možemo vidjeti da su žitarice, koje su dolazile Temzom,
06:07
along the bottom of this map.
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na dnu ove karte.
06:09
So the grain markets were to the south of the city.
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Tržnice žitarica su bile u južnom dijelu grada.
06:12
And the roads leading up from them
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A ceste koje su vodile od njih
06:14
to Cheapside, which was the main market,
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do Cheapsidea, koji je bio glavna tržnica,
06:16
were also grain markets.
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su također bile tržnice žitarica.
06:18
And if you look at the name of one of those streets,
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I ako pogledate imena tih ulica,
06:20
Bread Street, you can tell
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Bread Street, možete reći
06:23
what was going on there 300 years ago.
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što se događalo tamo prije 300 godina.
06:26
And the same of course was true for fish.
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Isto je naravno važilo i za ribu.
06:28
Fish was, of course, coming in by river as well. Same thing.
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Riba je naravno dolazila također rijekom. Ista stvar.
06:31
And of course Billingsgate, famously, was London's fish market,
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I naravno poznati Billingsgate je bio londonska riblja tržnica,
06:34
operating on-site here until the mid-1980s.
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u pogonu na licu mjesta do sredine 1980-ih.
06:38
Which is extraordinary, really, when you think about it.
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Što je izvanredno, zapravo, kada razmislite o tome.
06:40
Everybody else was wandering around
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Svi su lutali okolo
06:42
with mobile phones that looked like bricks
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s mobitelima koji su izgledali kao cigle,
06:44
and sort of smelly fish happening down on the port.
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i, nešto se, smrdljivo riblje događalo dolje u luci.
06:47
This is another thing about food in cities:
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To je još jedna stvar vezana uz hranu u gradovima:
06:50
Once its roots into the city are established,
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Kada su jednom stvoreni korijeni u gradu,
06:53
they very rarely move.
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rijetko su se micali.
06:55
Meat is a very different story
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Meso je drugačija priča
06:57
because, of course, animals could walk into the city.
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jer, naravno, životinje su mogle hodati po gradu.
06:59
So much of London's meat
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Tako je većina londonskog mesa
07:01
was coming from the northwest,
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dolazila sa sjeverozapada,
07:03
from Scotland and Wales.
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iz Škotske i Walesa.
07:05
So it was coming in, and arriving at the city at the northwest,
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Dolazila je i stizala u sjeverozapadni dio grada,
07:08
which is why Smithfield,
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i zato je Smitfield,
07:10
London's very famous meat market, was located up there.
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londonska vrlo poznata tržnica mesa, locirana tamo.
07:13
Poultry was coming in from East Anglia and so on, to the northeast.
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Perad je dolazila iz Istočne Anglije pa do sjeveroistoka.
07:17
I feel a bit like a weather woman doing this. Anyway,
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Osjećam se pomalo kao vremenska prognozerka dok ovo radim. No ipak.
07:18
and so the birds were coming in
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I tako su ptice dolazile
07:22
with their feet protected with little canvas shoes.
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s nogama zaštićenim malim platnenim cipelama.
07:25
And then when they hit the eastern end
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I kada bi stigle do istočnog dijela
07:27
of Cheapside, that's where they were sold,
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Cheapsidea, bile bi prodane.
07:29
which is why it's called Poultry.
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Zbog toga se i naziva Poultry (perad).
07:31
And, in fact, if you look at the map of any city
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I zapravo, ako pogledate kartu bilo kojega grada
07:34
built before the industrial age,
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sagrađenog prije industrijskog doba,
07:38
you can trace food coming in to it.
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možete pratiti hranu koja je dolazila.
07:40
You can actually see how it was physically shaped by food,
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Možete doista vidjeti kako je fizički bio oblikovan zbog hrane,
07:43
both by reading the names of the streets, which give you a lot of clues.
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također i čitajući imena ulica, koja vam daju mnogo tragova.
07:46
Friday Street, in a previous life,
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Friday Street (Ulica petka), u prijašnjem životu,
07:48
is where you went to buy your fish on a Friday.
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je gdje biste petkom išli kupiti ribu.
07:50
But also you have to imagine it full of food.
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Ali morate ju i zamisliti punom hrane.
07:52
Because the streets and the public spaces
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Jer su ulice i javna mjesta
07:55
were the only places where food was bought and sold.
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bila jedina mjesta gdje se hrana kupovala i prodavala.
07:58
And if we look at an image of Smithfield in 1830
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I ako pogledamo izgled Smithfielda 1830.
08:01
you can see that it would have been very difficult to live in a city like this
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možete vidjeti da bi bilo vrlo teško živjeti u ovakvome gradu
08:04
and be unaware of where your food came from.
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i da ne budete svjesni odakle stiže hrana.
08:06
In fact, if you were having Sunday lunch,
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Zapravo, da imate nedjeljni ručak,
08:08
the chances were it was mooing or bleating outside your window
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vrlo je vjerojatno da je mukao ili blejao kroz vaš prozor
08:10
about three days earlier.
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prije tri dana.
08:12
So this was obviously an organic city,
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Dakle očito je da je ovo organski grad,
08:15
part of an organic cycle.
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dio organskog ciklusa.
08:18
And then 10 years later everything changed.
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I onda se 10 godina kasnije sve promijenilo.
08:21
This is an image of the Great Western in 1840.
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Ovo je slika Velike zapadne željeznice 1840.
08:24
And as you can see, some of the earliest train passengers
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I kao što možete vidjeti, neki od najranijih putnika vlakovima
08:26
were pigs and sheep.
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su bile svinje i ovce.
08:28
So all of a sudden, these animals are no longer walking into market.
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I tako iznenada ove životinje više nisu hodale do tržnice.
08:32
They're being slaughtered out of sight and mind,
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Bile su ubijene daleko od očiju i srca,
08:34
somewhere in the countryside.
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negdje na selu.
08:36
And they're coming into the city by rail.
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I dolazile su u grad željeznicom.
08:38
And this changes everything.
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I to mijenja sve.
08:41
To start off with, it makes it possible
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U početku, postaje moguće
08:43
for the first time to grow cities,
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po prvi puta izgraditi gradove,
08:44
really any size and shape, in any place.
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doista bilo koje veličine ili oblika, na bilo kojem mjestu.
08:46
Cities used to be constrained by geography;
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Gradovi su bilo ograničeni geografijom:
08:50
they used to have to get their food through very difficult physical means.
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trebali su doći do hrane vrlo teškim fizičkim sredstvima.
08:53
All of a sudden they are effectively emancipated from geography.
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No iznenada su se vrlo učinkovito odvojili od geografije.
08:57
And as you can see from these maps of London,
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I kao što možete vidjeti ove karte Londona,
09:00
in the 90 years after the trains came,
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u 90 godina nakon što je nastala željeznica,
09:02
it goes from being a little blob that was quite easy to feed
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postao je, od male tvorevine koju je bilo vrlo lako nahraniti,
09:06
by animals coming in on foot, and so on,
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životinjama koje su dolazile pješice, i tako dalje,
09:08
to a large splurge,
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veliko razmetljivo mjesto,
09:10
that would be very, very difficult to feed with anybody on foot,
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koje bi bilo vrlo vrlo teško nahraniti s bilo čim što hoda,
09:13
either animals or people.
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ili životinjama ili ljudima.
09:16
And of course that was just the beginning. After the trains came cars,
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I naravno to je bio tek početak. Nakon vlakova došli su automobili.
09:19
and really this marks the end of this process.
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I to zapravo obilježava kraj ovog procesa.
09:23
It's the final emancipation of the city
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To je konačna emancipacija grada
09:25
from any apparent relationship with nature at all.
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od bilo koje očigledne veze s prirodom.
09:28
And this is the kind of city that's devoid of smell,
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Ovo je vrsta grada lišena smrada,
09:31
devoid of mess, certainly devoid of people,
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lišena gužve, zasigurno lišena ljudi.
09:33
because nobody would have dreamed of walking in such a landscape.
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Jer nitko nije ni sanjao da će hodati u ovakvom okruženju.
09:36
In fact, what they did to get food was they got in their cars,
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Ustvari, da bi došli do hrane uzimali su svoje automobile,
09:39
drove to a box somewhere on the outskirts,
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vozili se do kućice negdje u predgrađu,
09:42
came back with a week's worth of shopping,
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vraćali se s tjednim zalihama kupovine,
09:44
and wondered what on earth to do with it.
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i pitali se što da sada rade s tim.
09:46
And this really is the moment when our relationship,
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I to je zasigurno trenutak kada se naša veza,
09:49
both with food and cities, changes completely.
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i s hranom i s gradovima, u potpunosti mijenja.
09:52
Here we have food -- that used to be the center,
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Ovdje imamo hranu -- koja je nekada bila centar,
09:55
the social core of the city -- at the periphery.
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društvena jezgra grada -- u predgrađu.
09:58
It used to be a social event, buying and selling food.
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Nekada je to bio društveni događaj, kupovina i prodaja hrane.
10:00
Now it's anonymous.
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Sada je anonimno.
10:02
We used to cook; now we just add water,
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Nekada smo kuhali; sada samo dodajemo vodu,
10:04
or a little bit of an egg if you're making a cake or something.
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ili malo jaja ako radite tortu ili nešto.
10:09
We don't smell food to see if it's okay to eat.
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Ne mirišemo hranu kako bismo osjetili je li je u redu jesti.
10:13
We just read the back of a label on a packet.
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Samo pročitamo oznaku na pozadini paketa.
10:16
And we don't value food. We don't trust it.
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I ne cijenimo hranu. Ne vjerujemo joj.
10:19
So instead of trusting it, we fear it.
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Umjesto da joj vjerujemo, strah nas je.
10:21
And instead of valuing it, we throw it away.
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Umjesto da je cijenimo, bacamo je.
10:25
One of the great ironies of modern food systems
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Jedna od većih ironija modernog sustava prehrane
10:28
is that they've made the very thing they promised
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je da su učinili ono što su obećali
10:30
to make easier much harder.
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da jednostavnije učine težim.
10:32
By making it possible to build cities anywhere and any place,
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Time što se omogućila izgradnja gradova bilo gdje i na bilo kojem mjestu,
10:36
they've actually distanced us from our most important relationship,
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zapravo su nas distancirali od naše najvažnije veze,
10:40
which is that of us and nature.
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one između nas i prirode.
10:43
And also they've made us dependent on systems that only they can deliver,
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Također učinili su nas ovisnima o sustavu kojeg samo oni mogu isporučiti,
10:46
that, as we've seen, are unsustainable.
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koji je, kao što smo vidjeli, neodrživ.
10:48
So what are we going to do about that?
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I što ćemo poduzeti u vezi s tim?
10:51
It's not a new question.
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To nije novo pitanje.
10:53
500 years ago it's what Thomas More was asking himself.
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Prije 500 godina Thomas Moore se zapitao.
10:57
This is the frontispiece of his book "Utopia."
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Ovo je naslovnica njegove knjige "Utopija".
11:00
And it was a series of semi-independent city-states,
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Riječ je o nizu polu-neovisnih gradova-država,
11:03
if that sounds remotely familiar,
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ako to zvuči imalo poznato,
11:05
a day's walk from one another where everyone was basically farming-mad,
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na dan hoda udaljenosti jedan od drugoga gdje su svi bili ludi za uzgojem,
11:08
and grew vegetables in their back gardens,
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i sadili su povrće u svojim vrtovima,
11:10
and ate communal meals together, and so on.
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jeli zajedno zajedničke obroke, i tako dalje.
11:12
And I think you could argue that
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Mislim da možemo reći da je
11:14
food is a fundamental ordering principle of Utopia,
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hrana temeljno uređivačko načelo Utopije.
11:17
even though More never framed it that way.
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Iako Moore nikada to nije na taj način formulirao.
11:20
And here is another very famous "Utopian" vision,
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Ovdje je još jedna verzija poznate utopijske vizije,
11:23
that of Ebenezer Howard, "The Garden City."
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ona Ebenezera Howardsa, "Vrtni grad".
11:25
Same idea: series of semi-independent city-states,
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Ista zamisao. Niz polu-neovisnih gradova-država.
11:28
little blobs of metropolitan stuff with arable land around,
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Male tvorevine metropola s okolnom obradivom zemljom,
11:32
joined to one another by railway.
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povezane željeznicom.
11:34
And again, food could be said to be
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I ponovno, za hranu se može reći da je
11:36
the ordering principle of his vision.
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uređivačko načelo njegove vizije.
11:39
It even got built, but nothing to do with
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Čak se i sagradila, ali nema nikakve veze s
11:41
this vision that Howard had.
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vizijom koju je Howard imao.
11:43
And that is the problem with these Utopian ideas,
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I to je problem s tim utopijskim idejama,
11:46
that they are Utopian.
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to što su utopijske.
11:48
Utopia was actually a word that Thomas Moore used deliberately.
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Utopija je zapravo bila riječ koju je Thomas Moore namjerno koristio.
11:51
It was a kind of joke, because it's got a double derivation from the Greek.
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To je bila vrsta šale. Jer ima duplo značenje u grčkom jeziku.
11:55
It can either mean a good place, or no place.
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Može označavati dobro mjesto ili nepostojanje mjesta.
11:57
Because it's an ideal. It's an imaginary thing. We can't have it.
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Jer je idealno. Imaginarna stvar. Ne možemo je imati.
12:01
And I think, as a conceptual tool
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Mislim da nam, kao konceptualni alat
12:03
for thinking about the very deep problem of human dwelling,
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za razmišljanje o stvarno dubokom problemu ljudskog stanovanja
12:06
that makes it not much use.
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baš i nije od koristi.
12:08
So I've come up with an alternative,
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I tako sam smislila alternativu,
12:11
which is Sitopia, from the ancient Greek,
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Sitopiju, iz starog grčkog,
12:14
"sitos" for food, and "topos" for place.
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"sitos" je za hranu, a "topos" za mjesto.
12:16
I believe we already live in Sitopia.
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Vjerujem da već živimo u Sitopiji.
12:18
We live in a world shaped by food,
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Živimo u svijetu oblikovanom hranom,
12:21
and if we realize that, we can use food as a really powerful tool --
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i ako to shvatimo, možemo koristiti hranu kao vrlo snažan alat --
12:24
a conceptual tool, design tool, to shape the world differently.
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konceptualni alat, dizajnerski alat, da oblikujemo svijet drugačije.
12:28
So if we were to do that, what might Sitopia look like?
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Ako to učinimo, kako bi Sitopija izgledala?
12:33
Well I think it looks a bit like this.
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Mislim da pomalo izgleda ovako.
12:35
I have to use this slide. It's just the look on the face of the dog.
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Morala sam uzeti ovu sliku. Samo zbog izgleda lica psa.
12:37
But anyway, this is -- (Laughter)
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Ipak, ovo je -- (smijeh)
12:40
it's food at the center of life,
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hrana je u središtu života,
12:42
at the center of family life, being celebrated,
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u središtu obiteljskog života, slavi se,
12:44
being enjoyed, people taking time for it.
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uživa se, ljudi odvajaju vrijeme za nju.
12:46
This is where food should be in our society.
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Na ovaj način hrana treba postojati u našem društvu.
12:49
But you can't have scenes like this unless you have people like this.
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Ali ne možete imati ovakve scene ako nemate ovakve ljude.
12:54
By the way, these can be men as well.
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Usput rečeno, ovo mogu biti i muškarci.
12:56
It's people who think about food,
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Ljudi su ti koji razmišljaju o hrani,
12:59
who think ahead, who plan,
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koji razmišljaju unaprijed, planiraju,
13:01
who can stare at a pile of raw vegetables
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koji mogu gledati u gomilu sirovog povrća
13:03
and actually recognize them.
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i zaista ga prepoznati.
13:05
We need these people. We're part of a network.
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Trebamo te ljude. Mi smo dio mreže.
13:08
Because without these kinds of people we can't have places like this.
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Jer bez takve vrste ljudi ne možemo imati ovakva mjesta.
13:11
Here, I deliberately chose this because it is a man buying a vegetable.
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Ovo sam namjerno odabrala jer muškarac kupuje povrće.
13:14
But networks, markets where food is being grown locally.
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Ali mreže, tržnice na kojima se hrana lokalno uzgaja.
13:18
It's common. It's fresh.
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To je zajedničko. Svježe je.
13:20
It's part of the social life of the city.
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Dio je društvenog života grada.
13:22
Because without that, you can't have this kind of place,
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Jer bez toga ne možete imati ovakva mjesta,
13:25
food that is grown locally and also is part of the landscape,
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hranu koja se lokalno uzgaja i koja je dio okruženja,
13:28
and is not just a zero-sum commodity
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i nije tek kompromisno rješenje,
13:30
off in some unseen hell-hole.
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dolje iz neke nevidljive paklene rupe.
13:32
Cows with a view.
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Krave s pogledom.
13:34
Steaming piles of humus.
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Gomila humusa koja se pari.
13:36
This is basically bringing the whole thing together.
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To zapravo povezuje cijelu stvar.
13:39
And this is a community project
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Ovo je projekt zajednice
13:41
I visited recently in Toronto.
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koju sam nedavno posjetila u Torontu.
13:43
It's a greenhouse, where kids get told
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To je staklenik, u kojem se djeci priča
13:45
all about food and growing their own food.
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o hrani i uzgoju vlastite hrane.
13:48
Here is a plant called Kevin, or maybe it's a
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Ovdje je biljka koja se zove Kevin ili je možda
13:51
plant belonging to a kid called Kevin. I don't know.
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biljka koja pripada djetetu koje se zove Kevin. Ne znam.
13:53
But anyway, these kinds of projects
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Ali zapravo, ovakvi projekti
13:56
that are trying to reconnect us with nature is extremely important.
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kojima se trudi povezati nas s prirodom su nevjerojatno značajni.
14:00
So Sitopia, for me, is really a way of seeing.
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Tako je Sitopija, za mene zapravo način gledanja.
14:02
It's basically recognizing that Sitopia
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To je u osnovi priznanje da Sitopija
14:06
already exists in little pockets everywhere.
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već postoji u malim džepovima svugdje.
14:08
The trick is to join them up,
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Trik ih je povezati,
14:10
to use food as a way of seeing.
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da se hrana koristi kao način gledanja.
14:13
And if we do that, we're going to stop seeing cities
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I ako to napravimo, prestat ćemo gledati gradove
14:16
as big, metropolitan, unproductive blobs, like this.
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kao velike metropolske neproduktivne tvorevine, kao što je ova.
14:19
We're going to see them more like this,
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Gledat ćemo ih više ovako,
14:21
as part of the productive, organic framework
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kao dio produktivnog organskog okvira
14:24
of which they are inevitably a part,
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u kojem čine neizbježan dio,
14:26
symbiotically connected.
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simbiotski povezani.
14:28
But of course, that's not a great image either,
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Ali naravno ni to nije sjajna slika.
14:30
because we need not to be producing food like this anymore.
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Jer ne trebamo proizvoditi hranu više na ovaj način.
14:33
We need to be thinking more about permaculture,
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Trebamo više razmišljati o permakulturi.
14:35
which is why I think this image just
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Zbog toga mislim da ova slika jednostavno
14:37
sums up for me the kind of thinking we need to be doing.
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sažimlje za mene način razmišljanja kojeg se moramo držati.
14:39
It's a re-conceptualization
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To je rekonceptualizacija
14:41
of the way food shapes our lives.
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načina na koji hrana oblikuje naše živote.
14:44
The best image I know of this is from 650 years ago.
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Najbolja slika za koju znam je otprije 650 godina.
14:47
It's Ambrogio Lorenzetti's "Allegory of Good Government."
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Ovo je "Alegorija dobre vladavine" Ambrogia Lorenzettija.
14:50
It's about the relationship between the city and the countryside.
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Riječ je o vezi grada i sela.
14:53
And I think the message of this is very clear.
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Mislim da je poruka vrlo jasna.
14:56
If the city looks after the country,
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Ako se grad brine o selu,
14:58
the country will look after the city.
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selo će se brinuti o gradu.
15:00
And I want us to ask now,
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Želim da se sada upitamo
15:02
what would Ambrogio Lorenzetti paint
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što bi Ambrogio Lorenzetti naslikao
15:05
if he painted this image today?
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da slika ovaj prikaz danas.
15:07
What would an allegory of good government look like today?
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Kako bi alegorija dobre vladavine danas izgledala?
15:10
Because I think it's an urgent question.
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Jer mislim da je to goruće pitanje.
15:12
It's one we have to ask,
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Ono je koje si moramo postaviti,
15:14
and we have to start answering.
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I moramo početi odgovarati.
15:16
We know we are what we eat.
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Znamo da smo ono što jedemo.
15:19
We need to realize that the world is also what we eat.
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Trebamo shvatiti da je i svijet ono što jedemo.
15:21
But if we take that idea, we can use food
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I ako prihvatimo tu ideju, možemo koristiti hranu
15:23
as a really powerful tool to shape the world better.
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kao vrlo snažan alat da oblikujemo svijet nabolje.
15:27
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
15:29
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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