Mark Plotkin: What the people of the Amazon know that you don’t

Translator: Ainhoa Eguren Bengoa Reviewer: Jone Aliri Lazcano

Now, I'm an ethnobotanist.

Hasteko, etnobotanikaria naiz.

That's a scientist who works in the rainforest

Oihan tropikalean bizi direnek landareak nola

to document how people use local plants.

erabiltzen dituzten aztertzen duen zientzialaria, alegia.

I've been doing this for a long time,

Luzaroan aritu naiz honetan,

and I want to tell you,

eta esan nahi dizuet

these people know these forests and these medicinal treasures

bertakoek oihanak eta altxor medizinalak ondotxo ezagutzen dituztela,

better than we do and better than we ever will.

guk baino hobeto, guk inoiz ezagutuko duguna baino hobeto.

But also, these cultures,

Baina, gainera, kultura horiek,

these indigenous cultures,

kultura indigena horiek,

are disappearing much faster than the forests themselves.

oihanak baino askoz azkarrago ari dira desagertzen.

Amazoniako oihan tropikaleko espezie ikusgarrienak

And the greatest and most endangered species

in the Amazon Rainforest

eta desagertzeteko arrisku handiena dutenak

is not the jaguar,

ez dira jaguarrak,

it's not the harpy eagle,

edo harpia arranoak:

it's the isolated and uncontacted tribes.

kontaktatu gabeko tribu isolatuak dira.

Now four years ago, I injured my foot in a climbing accident

Duela lau urte oin batean min hartu nuen mendiko istripu batean,

and I went to the doctor.

eta medikuarengana joan nintzen.

She gave me heat,

Beroa agindu zidan,

she gave me cold, aspirin,

gero hotza, aspirina,

narcotic painkillers, anti-inflammatories,

analgesiko narkotikoak, antinflamatorioak

cortisone shots.

eta kortisona-txertoak.

It didn't work.

Ez zuten funtzionatu.

Several months later,

Hainbat hilabeteren buruan

I was in the northeast Amazon,

Amazoniako ipar-ekialdean nengoela,

walked into a village,

herrixka batera iritsi

and the shaman said, "You're limping."

eta xamanak esan zidan: herrenka zatoz.

And I'll never forget this as long as I live.

Hura ez dut ahaztuko bizi naizen artean.

He looked me in the face and he said,

Aurpegira begiratu eta esan zidan:

"Take off your shoe and give me your machete."

erantzi oinetakoa eta emadazu zure aihotza.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

He walked over to a palm tree

Palmondo batera hurbildu zen,

and carved off a fern,

eta hostaila bat ebaki zuen.

threw it in the fire,

Sutara bota,

applied it to my foot,

nire oina harekin igurtzi,

threw it in a pot of water,

urez beteriko ontzi batera bota

and had me drink the tea.

eta te hura edanarazi zidan.

The pain disappeared for seven months.

Zazpi hilabetean ez nuen minik eduki.

When it came back, I went to see the shaman again.

Mina itzuli zitzaidanean, xamana ikustera joan nintzen berriz.

He gave me the same treatment,

Tratamendu berdina eman zidan,

and I've been cured for three years now.

eta ordutik hiru urte daramatzat sendatuta.

Who would you rather be treated by?

Nork sendatzea gustatuko litzaizueke?

(Applause)

(Txaloak)

Now, make no mistake — Western medicine

Tira, ez zaitezte nahastu. Mendebaldeko medikuntza

is the most successful system of healing ever devised,

inoiz izan den sendatze-sistema arrakastatsuena da,

but there's plenty of holes in it.

baina hutsune asko ditu.

Where's the cure for breast cancer?

Non dago bularreko minbiziaren sendagaia?

Where's the cure for schizophrenia?

Non dago eskizofreniarena?

Where's the cure for acid reflux?

Non dago errefluxu gastroesofagikoarena?

Where's the cure for insomnia?

Non dago loezinaren sendagaia?

The fact is that these people

Kontua da oihaneko jendeak,

can sometimes, sometimes, sometimes

oso-oso noizbehinka bada ere,

cure things we cannot.

guk sendatu ezin ditugun gaitzak senda ditzakeela.

Here you see a medicine man in the northeast Amazon

Hemen sendalari bat ikus dezakezue Amazoniako ipar ekialdean

treating leishmaniasis,

leishmaniasia sendatzen,

a really nasty protozoal disease

munduan 12 milioi pertsonari eragiten dion

that afflicts 12 million people around the world.

gaixotasun protozoal larria.

Western treatment are injections of antimony.

Mendebaldean antimonio-txertoak erabiltzen dira tratamenduan.

They're painful, they're expensive,

Mingarriak dira, garestiak dira,

and they're probably not good for your heart;

eta ziurrenez bihotzarentzako txarrak;

it's a heavy metal.

metal astuna da.

This man cures it with three plants from the Amazon Rainforest.

Gizon honek Amazoniako oihaneko hiru landare erabiltzen ditu sendatzeko.

This is the magic frog.

Hau igel magikoa da.

My colleague, the late great Loren McIntyre,

Nire lankide bikain Loren McIntyre hilberria,

discoverer of the source lake of the Amazon,

Amazonas ibaiaren sorburu-lakua aurkitu zuena,

Laguna McIntyre in the Peruvian Andes,

Peruar Andeetako McIntyre laguna, alegia,

was lost on the Peru-Brazil border about 30 years ago.

galdu egin zen Peru eta Brazil arteko mugan duela 30 urte inguru.

He was rescued by a group of isolated Indians called the Matsés.

Matses indio isolatu batzuek salbatu zuten.

They beckoned for him to follow them into the forest, which he did.

Keinuen bidez eurekin oihanera joan zedin esan zioten, eta hala egin zuen.

There, they took out palm leaf baskets.

Han, palmondoen hostoekin egindako saskiak hartu zituzten.

There, they took out these green monkey frogs —

Gero, tximino-igel berdeak hartu zituzten.

these are big suckers, they're like this —

Miazkatzen bikainak dira eta neurri hau dute.

and they began licking them.

Orduan nire laguna miazkatzen hasi ziren.

It turns out, they're highly hallucinogenic.

Kontua da haluzinazio ikaragarriak sortzen dituela.

McIntyre wrote about this and it was read by the editor of High Times magazine.

McIntyrek horretaz idatzi eta High Times aldizkariko editoreak irakurri zuen.

You see that ethnobotanists have friends in all sorts of strange cultures.

Ikusten duzue etnobotanikariok kultura arraroenetan ere lagunak dauzkagula.

This guy decided he would go down to the Amazon and give it a whirl,

Editore hark Amazoniara joan eta probatzea erabaki zuen,

or give it a lick, and he did, and he wrote,

igelen miazkadak probatzea. Horixe egin, eta horretaz idatzi zuen:

"My blood pressure went through the roof,

"Odolaren presioa zeruraino igo zitzaidan,

I lost full control of my bodily functions,

gorputzaren funtzioen kontrola erabat galdu nuen,

I passed out in a heap,

bapatean konortea galdu nuen,

I woke up in a hammock six hours later,

hamaka batean esnatu nintzen sei ordu beranduago,

felt like God for two days."

eta Jainkoa nintzela uste izan nuen bi egunez".

(Laughter)

An Italian chemist read this and said,

(Barreak)

Italiar kimikari batek hori irakurri, eta zera esan zuen:

"I'm not really interested in the theological aspects of the green monkey frog.

"Nik ez dut interesik tximino-igelaren alderdi teologikoan.

What's this about the change in blood pressure?"

Zer gertatzen da odolaren presioaren aldaketarekin?".

Now, this is an Italian chemist

Italiar kimikari hori

who's working on a new treatment for high blood pressure

odolaren presio altua kontrolatzeko tratamendu berri batekin lanean ari da,

based on peptides in the skin of the green monkey frog,

tximino-igel berdearen azaleko peptidoak oinarri dituena.

and other scientists are looking

Beste zientzialari batzuk botikek eragiten ez dioten

at a cure for drug-resistant Staph aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus gaitzarentzat sendabidea bilatzen dabiltza.

How ironic if these isolated Indians and their magic frog

Ironikoa litzateke isolatutako indioak eta euren igel magikoa

prove to be one of the cures.

izatea sendabidea.

Here's an ayahuasca shaman

Amazonia ipar-mendebaldeko

aiahuaska xaman bat da hau, eta yaye ospakizunean dago.

in the northwest Amazon, in the middle of a yage ceremony.

I took him to Los Angeles to meet a foundation officer

Behin Los Angelesera eraman nuen erakunde bateko arduradunarengana,

looking for support for monies to protect their culture.

euren kultura babesteko dirulaguntzak lortzeko asmoz.

This fellow looked at the medicine man, and he said,

Arduradunak sendalariari begiratu eta esan zion:

"You didn't go to medical school, did you?"

"Ez duzu medikuntza-ikasketarik, ez da hala?"

The shaman said, "No, I did not."

Xamanak ezetz erantzun zion.

He said, "Well, then what can you know about healing?"

Orduan gizonak: "Tira, orduan zer jakingo duzu zuk sendabideez".

The shaman looked at him and he said,

Xamanak hari begiratu eta:

"You know what? If you have an infection, go to a doctor.

"Badakizu zer? Infekzio bat duzunean, joan medikuarengana.

But many human afflictions are diseases of the heart, the mind and the spirit.

Baina gizakiaren arazoetariko asko bihotzekoak, burukoak eta espirituarenak dira.

Western medicine can't touch those. I cure them."

Mendebaldeko medikuntzak ez ditu horiek ukitzen. Nik, sendatu egiten ditut".

(Applause)

(Txaloak)

But all is not rosy in learning from nature about new medicines.

Baina naturako botikei buruz ikastean guztia ez da arrosa kolorekoa.

This is a viper from Brazil,

Hau Brazilgo sugegorri bat da.

the venom of which was studied at the Universidade de São Paulo here.

Bere pozoia São Pauloko unibertsitaten aztertu zuten,

It was later developed into ACE inhibitors.

eta inibitzaile entzimatikoak egiteko erabili zen gero.

This is a frontline treatment for hypertension.

Hori da hipertentsioari aurre egiteko tratamendurik aurreratuena.

Hypertension causes over 10 percent

Hipertentsioa da munduan egunero gertatzen diren

of all deaths on the planet every day.

heriotzen %10aren erantzulea.

This is a $4 billion industry

Brazildar sugearen pozoinean

based on venom from a Brazilian snake,

oinarritutako industriak ia 1,7 bilioi €-ko balioa du,

and the Brazilians did not get a nickel.

eta Brazildarrek ez dute zentimo bat ere jaso trukean.

This is not an acceptable way of doing business.

Ezin dugu onartu negozioak era horretan egitea.

The rainforest has been called the greatest expression of life on Earth.

Oihan tropikala Lurreko bizitzaren adierazpen garbiena dela esan ohi da.

There's a saying in Suriname that I dearly love:

Surinamen badute nik biziki maite dudan esaera bat:

"The rainforests hold answers to questions we have yet to ask."

Oihan tropikalak guk galdetu gabeko galderen erantzunak gordetzen ditu.

But as you all know, it's rapidly disappearing.

Baina dakizuen moduan, ezin azkarrago ari da desagertzen.

Here in Brazil, in the Amazon,

Hemen, Brazilen, Amazonian,

around the world.

eta mundu osoan zehar.

I took this picture from a small plane

Argazki hau hegazkin txiki batetik atera nuen,

flying over the eastern border of the Xingu indigenous reserve

Mato Grosso estatuko Xingu indigenen erreserbaren gainetik

in the state of Mato Grosso to the northwest of here.

pasatzean, hemendik ipar-mendebaldera.

The top half of the picture,

Ikusten duzue non bizi diren indioak,

you see where the Indians live.

argazkiaren goiko erdian.

The line through the middle

Erdialdeko lerroa

is the eastern border of the reserve.

erreserbaren ekialdeko muga da.

Top half Indians, bottom half white guys.

Erditik gora, indioak; erditik behera, zuriak.

Top half wonder drugs,

Erditik gora, sendagai miragarriak;

bottom half just a bunch of skinny-ass cows.

erditik behera, ipurdi mehardun behi batzuk besterik ez;

Top half carbon sequestered in the forest where it belongs,

erditik gora, oihanaren parte den karbonoa lapurtzen diete;

bottom half carbon in the atmosphere

erditik behera, karbonoa daukate airean,

where it's driving climate change.

klima-aldaketari eraginez.

In fact, the number two cause

Hain zuzen, basoen suntsiketa da

of carbon being released into the atmosphere

atmosferara karbono dioxidoa

is forest destruction.

askatzeko bigarren arrazoi nagusia.

But in talking about destruction,

Baina suntsiketari buruz ari garenez,

it's important to keep in mind

garrantzitsua da gogoan izatea

that the Amazon is the mightiest landscape of all.

Amazonia dela paisaia guztietan indartsuena.

It's a place of beauty and wonder.

Edertasunaren eta mirarien herria da.

The biggest anteater in the world

Munduko hartz inurrijale handiena

lives in the rain forest,

oihan tropikalean bizi da,

tips the scale at 90 pounds.

eta 40 kg-tik gora pisatzen ditu.

The goliath bird-eating spider

Goliat tarantula txorizalea

is the world's largest spider.

munduko armiarmarik handiena da

It's found in the Amazon as well.

eta hori ere Amazonian bizi da.

The harpy eagle wingspan is over seven feet.

Harpia arranoak bi metrotik gorako hego-zabalera dauka.

And the black cayman —

Eta kaiman beltza,

these monsters can tip the scale at over half a ton.

tonelada erdiko pisua izan dezakeena,

They're known to be man-eaters.

giza jalea dela diote.

The anaconda, the largest snake,

Anakonda: sugerik handiena.

the capybara, the largest rodent.

Kapibara: karraskaririk handiena.

A specimen from here in Brazil

Hemen, Brazilen, 91 kg-ko pisua

tipped the scale at 201 pounds.

neurtu zioten ale bati.

Let's visit where these creatures live,

Goazen izaki hauek bizi diren tokira,

the northeast Amazon,

Amazoniako ipar-ekialdera,

home to the Akuriyo tribe.

Akuriyo tribuaren bizilekura.

Uncontacted peoples hold a mystical and iconic role

Kontaktatu gabeko herriek rol mistiko eta ikonikoa

in our imagination.

daukate gure irudimenean.

These are the people who know nature best.

Hori da natura ondoen ezagutzen duen jendea.

These are the people who truly live

Hori da benetan naturarekin

in total harmony with nature.

erabateko harmonian bizi den jendea.

By our standards, some would dismiss these people as primitive.

Gure estandarrak kontuan izanik, batzuek primitibotzat hartuko lituzkete.

"They don't know how to make fire,

Surik pizten ez dakitela,

or they didn't when they were first contacted."

edo lehen aldiz kontaktuan jarri zirenean behintzat ez zekitela.

But they know the forest far better than we do.

Baina guk baino askoz hobeto ezagutzen dute oihana.

The Akuriyos have 35 words for honey,

Akuriyoek 35 hitz dauzkate "eztia" esateko,

and other Indians look up to them

eta beste indioek miresmenez begiratzen diete,

as being the true masters of the emerald realm.

erreinu esmeraldako nagusiak balira bezala.

Here you see the face of my friend Pohnay.

Hemen nire lagun Pohnay ikus dezakezue.

When I was a teenager rocking out

Ni nerabea nintzenean, eta Rolling Stones

to the Rolling Stones in my hometown of New Orleans,

rockeroen atzetik nenbilenean nire jaioterri New Orleansen,

Pohnay was a forest nomad

Pohnay oihaneko nomada bat zen,

roaming the jungles of the northeast Amazon

Amazonia ipar-ekialdeko oihanetan

in a small band, looking for game,

hara-honaka zebilena taldetxo batekin,

looking for medicinal plants,

dibertsio bila, landare medizinalen bila,

looking for a wife,

emazte baten bila

in other small nomadic bands.

eta beste talde nomada batzuen bila.

But it's people like these

Baina Ponhay bezalako jendeak

that know things that we don't,

guk ez dakigun gauza asko daki,

and they have lots of lessons to teach us.

eta lezio ugari dauka guri irakasteko.

However, if you go into most of the forests of the Amazon,

Dena den, Amazoniako oihaneko txoko gehienetan

there are no indigenous peoples.

ez da bizi indigenarik.

This is what you find:

Hara joanez gero zizelkatutako harkaitzak aurkituko dituzu,

rock carvings which indigenous peoples,

jente indigenak, kontaktatu gabekoak,

uncontacted peoples, used to sharpen the edge of the stone axe.

harrizko aizkorak zorrozteko erabilitako harkaitzak.

These cultures that once danced,

Behin batean dantza eta maitasuna egiten zuten kultura haietatik,

made love, sang to the gods,

jainkoei abesten zieten haietatik,

worshipped the forest,

eta oihana gurtzen zutenetatik,

all that's left is an imprint in stone, as you see here.

atzean ikusten diren harri markatuak besterik ez dira geratzen.

Let's move to the western Amazon,

Goazen mendebaldeko Amazoniara,

which is really the epicenter of isolated peoples.

herri isolatuen epizentrora.

Each of these dots represents

Puntu hauetako bakoitzak

kontaktatu gabeko tribu bana erakusten du.

a small, uncontacted tribe,

and the big reveal today is we believe there are 14 or 15 isolated groups

Aipagarria dena zera da, soilik kolonbiar Amazonian

in the Colombian Amazon alone.

14 edo 15 talde isolatu daudela.

Why are these people isolated?

Zergatik dauden isolatuta?

Badakite existitzen garela, badakite mundu bat dagoela oihanetik haratago.

They know we exist, they know there's an outside world.

This is a form of resistance.

Erresistentzia-mota bat da haiena.

They have chosen to remain isolated,

Isolatuta gelditzea erabaki dute,

and I think it is their human right to remain so.

euren ustez giza eskubide bat delako.

Zergatik ezkutatzen dira gainerako gizakiengandik?

Why are these the tribes that hide from man?

Here's why.

Hona hemen zergatia:

Obviously, some of this was set off in 1492.

Alde batetik, 1492. urteak eragina izan zuen, noski.

But at the turn of the last century

Baina XX. mendearen hasierako

was the rubber trade.

kautxuaren sukarra izan zen eragile nagusia.

The demand for natural rubber,

Amazoniako oihaneko

which came from the Amazon,

kautxu naturalaren eskaria

set off the botanical equivalent of a gold rush.

urre-arrapalada baten baliokide botanikoa izan zen.

Rubber for bicycle tires,

Kautxua bizikleten gurpiletarako,

rubber for automobile tires,

kautxua autoen gurpiletarako,

rubber for zeppelins.

kautxua zeppelinetarako.

It was a mad race to get that rubber,

Kautxua lortzeko lasterketa zoro bihurtu zen hura,

and the man on the left, Julio Arana,

eta ezkerrean ikus dezakezuen gizona, Julio Arana,

is one of the true thugs of the story.

istorioko maltzurrenetariko bat dugu.

His people, his company,

Bere menpekoek, bere enpresak

and other companies like them

eta antzeko beste enpresek

killed, massacred, tortured, butchered Indians

orain ikusiko dituzuen Witotoak eta beste zenbait indio

like the Witotos you see on the right hand side of the slide.

hil, sarraskitu, torturatu edo sakailatu egin zituzten.

Even today, when people come out of the forest,

Gaur egun ere, oihanetik ateratzen badira

the story seldom has a happy ending.

istorioa gutxitan amaitzen da ondo.

These are Nukaks. They were contacted in the '80s.

Hauek Nukak indioak dira, 80ko hamarkadan kontaktuan jarri zirenak.

Within a year, everybody over 40 was dead.

Urtebetera, 40 urtetik gorako guztiak hil egin ziren.

And remember, these are preliterate societies.

Eta gogoratu alfabetatu gabeko gizarteak direla.

The elders are the libraries.

Helduak dira gazteen liburutegiak.

Every time a shaman dies,

Xaman bat hiltzen den aldiro,

it's as if a library has burned down.

liburutegi bat erre balitz bezala da.

They have been forced off their lands.

Euren lurretatik alde egitera behartuak izan dira.

The drug traffickers have taken over the Nukak lands,

Droga-trafikatzaileek Nukaken lurrak hartu dituzte,

and the Nukaks live as beggars

eta orain Nukakak eskale gisa bizi dira

in public parks in eastern Colombia.

Kolonbia ekialdeko parke publikoetan.

From the Nukak lands, I want to take you to the southwest,

Nukak herritik hego-mendebaldera eraman nahi zaituztet,

to the most spectacular landscape in the world:

munduko paisaiarik ikusgarrienera:

Chiribiquete National Park.

Chiribiquete parke nazionalera.

It was surrounded by three isolated tribes

Hiru tribu isolatu bizi ziren inguruan,

and thanks to the Colombian government and Colombian colleagues,

eta Kolonbiako gobernuari eta lankideei esker

it has now expanded.

parkea askoz handiagoa da orain,

It's bigger than the state of Maryland.

Maryland estatua baino handiagoa.

It is a treasure trove of botanical diversity.

Aniztasun botanikoaren altxor ezkutua da.

It was first explored botanically in 1943

Nire maisu Richard Schultes-ek

1943an aztertu zuen lehen aldiz

by my mentor, Richard Schultes,

botanikaren ikuspuntutik.

seen here atop the Bell Mountain,

Hemen, Bell mendiaren gailurrean dago,

the sacred mountains of the Karijonas.

Karijona herriaren mendi sakratuan.

And let me show you what it looks like today.

Utz iezadazue orain Chiriquete gainean hegan egitea

Flying over Chiribiquete,

zer den erakusten,

realize that these lost world mountains are still lost.

mundu galdu honetako mendiak oraindik galduta daudela erakusten.

No scientist has been atop them.

Zientzialari bat ere ez da egon gailur horietan.

In fact, nobody has been atop the Bell Mountain

Egia esan, inor ez da egon Bell mendiaren gailurrean

since Schultes in '43.

1943an Schultes igo zenetik.

And we'll end up here with the Bell Mountain

Hemen geldituko gara, Bell mendia

just to the east of the picture.

irudiaren ezkerraldean dugula.

Let me show you what it looks like today.

Ikus ezazue gaur nolako itxura daukan.

Not only is this a treasure trove of botanical diversity,

Ez da bakarrik aniztasun botanikoaren altxor ezkutu bat,

not only is it home to three isolated tribes,

ez da bakarrik hiru tribu isolaturen etxea,

but it's the greatest treasure trove

munduko aurrekoloniar artearen

of pre-Colombian art in the world:

gotorleku baliotsuena da:

over 200,000 paintings.

200.000 margolan baino gehiago daude.

The Dutch scientist Thomas van der Hammen

Thomas van der Hammen holandar zientzialariak

described this as the Sistine Chapel of the Amazon Rainforest.

Amazoniar oihan tropikaleko Sixtoren kapera dela esan zuen.

But move from Chiribiquete down to the southeast,

Utz dezagun atzean Chiribiquete eta goazen berriro

again in the Colombian Amazon.

hego-ekialdera, kolonbiar Amazoniara.

Remember, the Colombian Amazon is bigger than New England.

Gogoratu kolonbiar Amazonia Ingalaterra Berria baino handiagoa dela.

The Amazon's a big forest,

Amazonia oihan handia da,

and Brazil's got a big part of it,

eta zati handi bat Brazili dagokio,

but not all of it.

baina ez guztia.

Moving down to these two national parks,

Goazen hegoaldera kolonbiar Amazoniako

Cahuinari and Puré

bi parke nazionaletara,

in the Colombian Amazon —

Cahuinari eta Puré parkeetara;

that's the Brazilian border to the right —

eskuinaldean Brazilekiko muga dago.

it's home to several groups

Eremu hori kontaktatu gabeko

of isolated and uncontacted peoples.

hainbat talde isolaturen etxea da.

To the trained eye, you can look at the roofs

Ondo begiratuz gero, maloca edo etxe komunitarioen

of these malocas, these longhouses,

teilatuak ikus daitezke,

and see that there's cultural diversity.

eta aniztasun kulturala dagoela antzeman.

These are, in fact, different tribes.

Izan ere, tribu desberdinetakoak dira.

As isolated as these areas are,

Eremu hauek isolatuta badaude ere,

let me show you how the outside world is crowding in.

utz iezadazue erakusten kanpoko mundua nola ari den indarrez sartzen.

Here we see trade and transport increased in Putumayo.

Hemen ikusten dugu Putumayoko merkataritza eta garraioaren gorakada.

With the diminishment of the Civil War in Colombia,

Kolonbian gerra zibila baretzearekin batera

the outside world is showing up.

kanpoko mundua ate joka hasi zen.

To the north, we have illegal gold mining,

Iparraldean legez kanpoko urre-meatzeak daude,

also from the east, from Brazil.

baita ekialdean, Brazil aldean ere.

There's increased hunting and fishing for commercial purposes.

Helburu komertzialdun ehiza eta arrantza gehitu da.

We see illegal logging coming from the south,

Legez kanpoko zuhaitz-mozketa hasi da hegoaldean.

and drug runners are trying to move through the park

Eta droga-trafikatzaileak Brazilera igaro nahi dute

and get into Brazil.

parkea zeharkatuz.

This, in the past, is why you didn't mess

Iraganean hau zen indio isolatuekin

traturik ez izateko arrazoia.

with isolated Indians.

And if it looks like this picture is out of focus

Argazkia fokutik kanpo dagoela irudituko zaizue,

because it was taken in a hurry, here's why.

presaka atera baitzuten. Hemen duzue arrazoia:

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

This looks like — (Applause)

Brazildar Amazoniako — (Barreak)

This looks like a hangar from the Brazilian Amazon.

Brazildar Amazoniako hegazkinen tailer bat dirudi.

This is an art exhibit in Havana, Cuba.

Habanako, Kubako, arte-erakusketa bat da,

A group called Los Carpinteros.

Los Carpinteros taldearena.

This is their perception of why you shouldn't mess with uncontacted Indians.

Horrela adierazi dute zergatik ez dugun muturrik sartu behar indio isolatuen bizitzan.

But the world is changing.

Baina mundua aldatzen ari da.

These are Mashco-Piros on the Brazil-Peru border

Hauek Mashco-Piro indioak dira, Brazil eta Peru arteko mugan.

who stumbled out of the jungle

Ihes egin behar izan zuten oihanetik,

because they were essentially chased out

droga-trafikatzaileak eta egurketariak

by drug runners and timber people.

jarraika zituztelako.

And in Peru, there's a very nasty business.

Eta Perun negozio nazkagarri bat daukate,

It's called human safaris.

giza safaria deiturikoa.

They will take you in to isolated groups to take their picture.

Talde isolatu batengana eramaten zaituzte, argazkiak egitera.

Of course, when you give them clothes, when you give them tools,

Eta noski, arropa edo tresnak ematen dizkiezunean

you also give them diseases.

gaixotasunak ere pasatzen dizkiezu.

We call these "inhuman safaris."

"Giza safari" deitzen diegu.

These are Indians again on the Peru border,

Hauek Peruko mugako indio batzuk dira;

who were overflown by flights sponsored by missionaries.

misiolariek babestutako hegazkinak euren gainean aritu ziren hegan,

They want to get in there and turn them into Christians.

indioengana iritsi eta kristau bihurtu nahi baituzte.

We know how that turns out.

Badakigu nola amaituko den kontua.

What's to be done?

Zer egin dezakegu?

Introduce technology to the contacted tribes,

Kontaktatutako tribuei teknologia aurkeztu,

not the uncontacted tribes,

baina ez kontaktatu gabekoei;

in a culturally sensitive way.

eta betiere kulturarekin kontu handiz jokatuz.

This is the perfect marriage of ancient shamanic wisdom

Hori da xamanen antzinako jakintza

and 21st century technology.

eta XXI. mendeko teknologia batzeko modurik egokiena.

We've done this now with over 30 tribes,

Jada 30 tribu baino gehiagorekin egin dugu;

mapped, managed and increased protection

arbasoen oihaneko 28 milioi hektarea baino gehiagoren

of over 70 million acres of ancestral rainforest.

babesa taxutu, kudeatu eta hobetu dugu.

(Applause)

(Txaloak)

So this allows the Indians to take control

Horri esker, indioek euren etorkizun kulturala

of their environmental and cultural destiny.

eta ingurunea kontrola dezakete.

They also then set up guard houses

Gainera, zaintza-etxeak eraikitzen dituzte,

to keep outsiders out.

kanpotarrak sar ez daitezen.

These are Indians, trained as indigenous park rangers,

Indio horiek basozain izaten ikasi dute,

patrolling the borders

baita mugak patruilatzen

and keeping the outside world at bay.

eta kanpoko mundua urrun mantentzen ere.

This is a picture of actual contact.

Argazki honek benetako kontaktua erakusten du.

These are Chitonahua Indians

Chitonahua indioak dira,

on the Brazil-Peru border.

Brazil eta Peru arteko mugakoak.

They've come out of the jungle

Oihanetik irten dira

asking for help.

laguntza eske.

They were shot at,

Tirokatuak izan dira,

their malocas, their longhouses, were burned.

malokak edo etxe komunitarioak erre dizkiete,

Some of them were massacred.

eta euretariko batzuk sarraskian hil dituzte.

Using automatic weapons to slaughter uncontacted peoples

Kontaktatu gabeko jendea akabatzeko arma automatikoak erabiltzea

is the single most despicable and disgusting human rights abuse

gaur egun munduan giza eskubideak urratzeko modurik zital eta ankerrena da,

on our planet today, and it has to stop.

eta amaitu egin behar du.

(Applause)

(Txaloak)

But let me conclude by saying,

Baina beste zerbait esanez amaitu nahi nuke.

this work can be spiritually rewarding,

lan hau atsegina izan daiteke espiritualki,

but it's difficult and it can be dangerous.

baina zaila eta arriskutsua ere bada.

Two colleagues of mine passed away recently

Nire bi lankide orain dela gutxi hil dira

in the crash of a small plane.

hegazkin txiki baten istripuan.

They were serving the forest

Oihanarentzat lanean ari ziren,

to protect those uncontacted tribes.

kontaktatu gabeko tribuak babestu nahian.

So the question is, in conclusion,

Beraz, funtsean, galdera honakoa da:

is what the future holds.

zer ekarriko digu etorkizunak?

These are the Uray people in Brazil.

Hauek Brazilgo Urayak dira.

What does the future hold for them,

Zer ekarriko die etorkizunak?

and what does the future hold for us?

Eta zer ekarriko digu guri?

Let's think differently.

Pentsa dezagun beste era batean.

Sor dezagun mundu hobe bat.

Let's make a better world.

If the climate's going to change,

Klima aldatzera baldin badoa,

let's have a climate that changes for the better rather than the worse.

izan dadila hoberako aldaketa, ez txarrerakoa.

Let's live on a planet

Bizi gaitezen luxuzko landaretzadun mundu batean,

full of luxuriant vegetation,

herri isolatuak isolatuta mantenduko diren

in which isolated peoples

mundu batean

eta haiek horrela erabakiz gero

can remain in isolation,

euren misterioa eta jakintza

can maintain that mystery

mantenduko duten

and that knowledge

mundu batean.

if they so choose.

Bizi gaitezen

Let's live in a world

xamanak oihanean bizi diren mundu batean,

where the shamans live in these forests

and heal themselves and us

eta landare mistikoak eta igel sakratuak

with their mystical plants

sendagai gisa erabiltzen dituzten

mundu batean.

and their sacred frogs.

Mila esker, berriro ere.

Thanks again.

(Txaloak)

(Applause)