Mark Plotkin: What the people of the Amazon know that you don’t

243,561 views ・ 2014-11-24

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翻译人员: Yixiong Zhu 校对人员: Wei Wu
00:12
Now, I'm an ethnobotanist.
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我是名民族植物学家。
00:13
That's a scientist who works in the rainforest
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我在热带雨林工作,
00:16
to document how people use local plants.
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记录人们如何使用当地植物。
00:19
I've been doing this for a long time,
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我做这项工作很久了,
00:22
and I want to tell you,
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我可以告诉大家,
00:24
these people know these forests and these medicinal treasures
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这些人对当地森林和里面医药珍宝的了解
00:27
better than we do and better than we ever will.
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比我们多得多,永远多得多。
00:30
But also, these cultures,
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但是,这些文化,
00:32
these indigenous cultures,
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这些土著文化,
00:34
are disappearing much faster than the forests themselves.
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消失得比森林还快。
00:39
And the greatest and most endangered species
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在亚马逊热带雨林中,
00:41
in the Amazon Rainforest
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最伟大而最濒危的物种
00:43
is not the jaguar,
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不是美洲豹,
00:45
it's not the harpy eagle,
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也不是美洲角雕,
00:47
it's the isolated and uncontacted tribes.
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而是与世隔绝的人类部落。
00:51
Now four years ago, I injured my foot in a climbing accident
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四年前,我在爬山时伤了脚,
00:54
and I went to the doctor.
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我去看医生。
00:56
She gave me heat,
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她给我进行热疗,
00:57
she gave me cold, aspirin,
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进行冰疗,用阿司匹林,
01:00
narcotic painkillers, anti-inflammatories,
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用麻醉止痛剂,抗炎药,
01:03
cortisone shots.
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注射可的松。
01:05
It didn't work.
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没有疗效。
01:07
Several months later,
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几个月后,
01:09
I was in the northeast Amazon,
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我在亚马逊东北部,
01:11
walked into a village,
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我走进一个村落,
01:13
and the shaman said, "You're limping."
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萨满说,“你跛了。”
01:16
And I'll never forget this as long as I live.
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这一幕我一生都不会忘记。
01:18
He looked me in the face and he said,
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他看着我的脸,对我说,
01:20
"Take off your shoe and give me your machete."
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“脱鞋,把你的砍刀给我。”
01:24
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:26
He walked over to a palm tree
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他走向一棵棕榈树,
01:28
and carved off a fern,
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切下来一片蕨,
01:30
threw it in the fire,
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扔到火里,
01:31
applied it to my foot,
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然后敷在我脚上,
01:33
threw it in a pot of water,
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然后又扔进了一壶水中,
01:34
and had me drink the tea.
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让我把那个当茶喝了。
01:37
The pain disappeared for seven months.
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整整七个月,我再也没疼过。
01:40
When it came back, I went to see the shaman again.
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复发后,我又去见萨满。
01:42
He gave me the same treatment,
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他对我进行同样的疗法,
01:44
and I've been cured for three years now.
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现在我已经痊愈三年了。
01:47
Who would you rather be treated by?
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你想让谁给你治病?
01:50
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
01:53
Now, make no mistake — Western medicine
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别误会 — 西医
01:55
is the most successful system of healing ever devised,
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是人类发明的最成功的医疗体系,
01:58
but there's plenty of holes in it.
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但它也有缺陷。
02:01
Where's the cure for breast cancer?
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乳腺癌的疗法在哪里?
02:03
Where's the cure for schizophrenia?
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神经分裂症的疗法在哪里?
02:05
Where's the cure for acid reflux?
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胃酸倒流的疗法在哪里?
02:07
Where's the cure for insomnia?
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失眠症的疗法在哪里?
02:09
The fact is that these people
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事实是,这些土著人
02:11
can sometimes, sometimes, sometimes
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在有些时候,能治疗
02:13
cure things we cannot.
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我们治不了的病。
02:15
Here you see a medicine man in the northeast Amazon
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这是一位亚马逊东北部的药师
02:17
treating leishmaniasis,
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在治疗利什曼病。
02:19
a really nasty protozoal disease
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利什曼病是一种非常恶心的原虫疾病,
02:21
that afflicts 12 million people around the world.
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全世界超过一千两百万人受其困扰。
02:24
Western treatment are injections of antimony.
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西医的疗法是进行锑注射。
02:27
They're painful, they're expensive,
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这种疗法让人很痛苦,也很昂贵,
02:30
and they're probably not good for your heart;
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而且这种疗法对病人的心脏也可能有副作用。
02:32
it's a heavy metal.
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锑是重金属。
02:33
This man cures it with three plants from the Amazon Rainforest.
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这名药师能用三种亚马逊雨林的草药来进行治疗。
02:37
This is the magic frog.
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这个是魔蛙。
02:39
My colleague, the late great Loren McIntyre,
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我已故的同事洛伦·麦金太尔,
02:42
discoverer of the source lake of the Amazon,
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他发现了亚马逊的河源湖,
02:44
Laguna McIntyre in the Peruvian Andes,
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秘鲁安第斯的麦金太尔湖,
02:47
was lost on the Peru-Brazil border about 30 years ago.
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他30年前在秘鲁巴西边境迷路了。
02:50
He was rescued by a group of isolated Indians called the Matsés.
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他被一群叫做Matsés的与世隔绝的印第安人救了下来。
02:54
They beckoned for him to follow them into the forest, which he did.
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他们示意他跟随他们进入丛林,他照做了。
02:58
There, they took out palm leaf baskets.
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在那里,他们拿出了棕榈树叶筐,
03:00
There, they took out these green monkey frogs —
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里面他们拿出了这种绿色的猴蛙 —
03:03
these are big suckers, they're like this —
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个头都是大家伙,有这么 —
03:05
and they began licking them.
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然后他们开始舔这种蛙。
03:07
It turns out, they're highly hallucinogenic.
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这种蛙有高度的致幻作用。
03:10
McIntyre wrote about this and it was read by the editor of High Times magazine.
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麦金太尔把这个写了出来,《鼎盛时期》杂志的编辑看了。
03:15
You see that ethnobotanists have friends in all sorts of strange cultures.
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从中你可以看出民族植物学家在各种奇怪的圈子都有朋友。
03:20
This guy decided he would go down to the Amazon and give it a whirl,
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这名编辑决定自己去亚马逊爽一下,
03:23
or give it a lick, and he did, and he wrote,
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舔一下,他真这样做了,他写到,
03:27
"My blood pressure went through the roof,
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“我的血压爆表了,
03:29
I lost full control of my bodily functions,
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我对我的身体机能完全失去了控制。
03:32
I passed out in a heap,
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我昏厥了,
03:33
I woke up in a hammock six hours later,
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六个小时后我在一张吊床里醒来,
03:36
felt like God for two days."
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两天内都觉得自己跟神仙似的。”
03:38
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
03:39
An Italian chemist read this and said,
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一位意大利化学家读后说,
03:41
"I'm not really interested in the theological aspects of the green monkey frog.
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“我对这种绿猴蛙魔幻的一面没太大兴趣,
03:45
What's this about the change in blood pressure?"
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可这个血压变化是怎么回事?”
03:48
Now, this is an Italian chemist
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现在,这名意大利化学家
03:50
who's working on a new treatment for high blood pressure
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正在研究新的治疗高血压的方法,
03:53
based on peptides in the skin of the green monkey frog,
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用的就是绿猴蛙皮肤中的肽,
03:56
and other scientists are looking
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而其他科学家也正在研究用这个肽来
03:58
at a cure for drug-resistant Staph aureus.
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治疗耐药性的金黄色葡萄球菌。
04:02
How ironic if these isolated Indians and their magic frog
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如果这些隔绝的印第安人和他们的魔蛙
04:05
prove to be one of the cures.
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是答案的话,那该有多讽刺。
04:07
Here's an ayahuasca shaman
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这里是一位亚马逊西北部的死藤水萨满,
04:10
in the northwest Amazon, in the middle of a yage ceremony.
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在卡皮木仪式中。
04:12
I took him to Los Angeles to meet a foundation officer
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我带他去洛杉矶见一位基金会工作人员,
04:15
looking for support for monies to protect their culture.
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寻求资金来保护他们的文化。
04:19
This fellow looked at the medicine man, and he said,
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这个工作人员看了看这位药师,说,
04:22
"You didn't go to medical school, did you?"
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“你没上过医学院吧?”
04:25
The shaman said, "No, I did not."
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萨满回答,“没有。”
04:27
He said, "Well, then what can you know about healing?"
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他说,“那么,对治病你能懂什么?”
04:29
The shaman looked at him and he said,
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萨满看着他,说,
04:31
"You know what? If you have an infection, go to a doctor.
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“你知道么?如果你有感染,那你去看医生。
04:35
But many human afflictions are diseases of the heart, the mind and the spirit.
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但很多人类疾病是心灵,头脑,和灵魂的病。
04:41
Western medicine can't touch those. I cure them."
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西医治不了。我能。”
04:46
(Applause)
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(掌声)
04:50
But all is not rosy in learning from nature about new medicines.
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但是从自然中提炼新药物也并不是那么美好。
04:54
This is a viper from Brazil,
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这是条巴西毒蛇,
04:56
the venom of which was studied at the Universidade de São Paulo here.
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毒液经圣保罗大学研究,
04:59
It was later developed into ACE inhibitors.
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后来发展成ACE抑制剂。
05:03
This is a frontline treatment for hypertension.
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治疗高血压的尖端药物。
05:05
Hypertension causes over 10 percent
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地球上人类每天超过10%的死亡
05:08
of all deaths on the planet every day.
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是因为高血压。
05:10
This is a $4 billion industry
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这是个价值40亿美元的行业,
05:12
based on venom from a Brazilian snake,
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用的就是巴西蛇的毒液,
05:14
and the Brazilians did not get a nickel.
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但巴西人却一分钱也没得到。
05:18
This is not an acceptable way of doing business.
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这样的做法是不可接受的。
05:23
The rainforest has been called the greatest expression of life on Earth.
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热带雨林被称作地球上最伟大的生态体系。
05:26
There's a saying in Suriname that I dearly love:
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苏里南有一句谚语我很喜欢:
05:29
"The rainforests hold answers to questions we have yet to ask."
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“热带雨林中有我们还未知晓的问题的答案。”
05:34
But as you all know, it's rapidly disappearing.
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但是正如大家都知道的,热带雨林正在快速消失。
05:37
Here in Brazil, in the Amazon,
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在巴西是这样,在亚马逊是这样,
05:39
around the world.
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在全世界也是。
05:41
I took this picture from a small plane
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我从一架小飞机上拍了这张照片,
05:43
flying over the eastern border of the Xingu indigenous reserve
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当时正在飞过Xingu土著保护区的东部边境,
05:46
in the state of Mato Grosso to the northwest of here.
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是从马托格罗索州到这里的西北部。
05:49
The top half of the picture,
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照片的上半部分,
05:51
you see where the Indians live.
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你能看到是印第安人的居住地。
05:52
The line through the middle
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中间的线
05:54
is the eastern border of the reserve.
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是保护区的东部边界。
05:56
Top half Indians, bottom half white guys.
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上半部分印第安人,下半部分白人。
06:00
Top half wonder drugs,
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上半部分是奇妙的医药,
06:02
bottom half just a bunch of skinny-ass cows.
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下半部分就是一群脑残。
06:05
Top half carbon sequestered in the forest where it belongs,
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上半部分碳被储存在他们所属的森林中,
06:09
bottom half carbon in the atmosphere
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下半部分碳排放到大气中,
06:12
where it's driving climate change.
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导致气候变化。
06:14
In fact, the number two cause
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事实上,大气碳排放的
06:17
of carbon being released into the atmosphere
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第二个原因就是
06:19
is forest destruction.
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森林破坏。
06:22
But in talking about destruction,
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说到破坏,
06:24
it's important to keep in mind
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很重要的是要记得
06:26
that the Amazon is the mightiest landscape of all.
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亚马逊是最神奇的景观。
06:30
It's a place of beauty and wonder.
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壮丽的地方,神奇的地方。
06:32
The biggest anteater in the world
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世界上最大的食蚁兽
06:35
lives in the rain forest,
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就生活在热带雨林,
06:37
tips the scale at 90 pounds.
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重达90磅。
06:39
The goliath bird-eating spider
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巨型的捕鸟蛛,
06:41
is the world's largest spider.
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世界上最大的蜘蛛,
06:43
It's found in the Amazon as well.
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也是在亚马逊。
06:45
The harpy eagle wingspan is over seven feet.
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美洲角雕翼展超过7英尺,
06:49
And the black cayman —
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还有黑鳄鱼 —
06:52
these monsters can tip the scale at over half a ton.
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这些巨兽体重超过半吨。
06:55
They're known to be man-eaters.
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他们据称能食人。
06:58
The anaconda, the largest snake,
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还有水蟒,最大的蛇类,
07:01
the capybara, the largest rodent.
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水豚,最大的啮齿类。
07:04
A specimen from here in Brazil
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巴西的一个标本
07:06
tipped the scale at 201 pounds.
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重达201磅。
07:09
Let's visit where these creatures live,
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让我们来看看这些生物的家园,
07:12
the northeast Amazon,
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亚马逊东北部,
07:13
home to the Akuriyo tribe.
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Akuriyo部落的所在地。
07:15
Uncontacted peoples hold a mystical and iconic role
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与世隔绝的部落在我们的想象中
07:21
in our imagination.
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是神秘而有代表性的。
07:23
These are the people who know nature best.
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他们是最了解自然的人。
07:25
These are the people who truly live
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他们是真正与自然
07:27
in total harmony with nature.
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和谐相处的人。
07:30
By our standards, some would dismiss these people as primitive.
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用我们的标准来看,有人会觉得他们原始。
07:33
"They don't know how to make fire,
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“他们不会生火。
07:35
or they didn't when they were first contacted."
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起码刚跟外界接触时,他们不会。”
07:37
But they know the forest far better than we do.
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但他们对森林的了解远远多于我们。
07:40
The Akuriyos have 35 words for honey,
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Akuriyos人有35种词汇形容蜂蜜,
07:43
and other Indians look up to them
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其他印第安人将他们视为
07:45
as being the true masters of the emerald realm.
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热带雨林中真正的大师。
07:49
Here you see the face of my friend Pohnay.
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这是我的朋友博奈。
07:52
When I was a teenager rocking out
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当我还年轻,在家乡新奥尔良
07:53
to the Rolling Stones in my hometown of New Orleans,
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听滚石乐队的歌时,
07:56
Pohnay was a forest nomad
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博奈就已经在森林游牧,
07:58
roaming the jungles of the northeast Amazon
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漫步在亚马逊东北部的丛林中,
08:01
in a small band, looking for game,
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和小群落一起,打猎,
08:04
looking for medicinal plants,
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寻找草药,
08:06
looking for a wife,
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从别的小游牧群落中
08:08
in other small nomadic bands.
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寻找配偶。
08:10
But it's people like these
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正是他们这种人有
08:12
that know things that we don't,
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我们不知道的智慧,
08:14
and they have lots of lessons to teach us.
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他们有很多东西能教给我们。
08:18
However, if you go into most of the forests of the Amazon,
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但是,如果你去亚马逊森林的大多数地方,
08:22
there are no indigenous peoples.
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你见不到土著部落。
08:24
This is what you find:
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你能看到的是,
08:25
rock carvings which indigenous peoples,
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与世隔绝的土著部落磨斧头时
08:29
uncontacted peoples, used to sharpen the edge of the stone axe.
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在石头上留下的痕迹。
08:33
These cultures that once danced,
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这些曾经跳舞,
08:35
made love, sang to the gods,
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繁衍,赞颂神明,
08:38
worshipped the forest,
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崇拜森林的群落,
08:39
all that's left is an imprint in stone, as you see here.
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现在只留在岩石的痕迹中,就像这张图里的这样。
08:43
Let's move to the western Amazon,
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我们再去看看西亚马逊,
08:46
which is really the epicenter of isolated peoples.
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那里是与世隔绝的部落的中心。
08:49
Each of these dots represents
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这里每一个点都代表着
08:51
a small, uncontacted tribe,
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一个小的,未曾联系过的部落,
08:53
and the big reveal today is we believe there are 14 or 15 isolated groups
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现在我们认为单单在哥伦比亚亚马逊
08:58
in the Colombian Amazon alone.
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就有14或15个隔绝部落。
09:01
Why are these people isolated?
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为什么这些人与世隔绝?
09:04
They know we exist, they know there's an outside world.
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他们知道我们存在,他们知道有外界世界。
09:06
This is a form of resistance.
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这是一种反抗。
09:08
They have chosen to remain isolated,
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他们选择保持隔绝,
09:10
and I think it is their human right to remain so.
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我觉得他们有权利这样做。
09:14
Why are these the tribes that hide from man?
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为什么这些部落会躲着人?
09:16
Here's why.
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这是为什么。
09:17
Obviously, some of this was set off in 1492.
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很显然,部分是起源于1492年。
09:21
But at the turn of the last century
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但是在上世纪开始出现
09:23
was the rubber trade.
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1825
橡胶贸易。
09:25
The demand for natural rubber,
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对天然橡胶的需求,
09:26
which came from the Amazon,
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1906
而天然橡胶来自亚马逊,
09:28
set off the botanical equivalent of a gold rush.
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促成了植物界的淘金热潮。
09:31
Rubber for bicycle tires,
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1876
橡胶用于自行车胎,
09:33
rubber for automobile tires,
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橡胶用于汽车轮胎,
09:35
rubber for zeppelins.
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1751
橡胶用于齐柏林飞艇。
09:37
It was a mad race to get that rubber,
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橡胶被人们疯抢,
09:40
and the man on the left, Julio Arana,
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2678
而左边这个人,朱利奥·阿拉纳,
09:42
is one of the true thugs of the story.
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是这个故事中最混蛋的恶棍。
09:45
His people, his company,
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他的人,他的公司,
09:47
and other companies like them
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2102
还有其他的类似公司,
09:49
killed, massacred, tortured, butchered Indians
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谋杀,屠杀,虐待,屠宰了Witoto等印第安部落,
09:52
like the Witotos you see on the right hand side of the slide.
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4907
幻灯片右边就是。
09:57
Even today, when people come out of the forest,
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即便在今天,当土著部落走出丛林,
10:00
the story seldom has a happy ending.
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故事也往往没有好的结局。
10:02
These are Nukaks. They were contacted in the '80s.
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这些是Nukak人。外界80年代时与他们联络。
10:05
Within a year, everybody over 40 was dead.
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1年之内,40岁以上的都死了。
10:09
And remember, these are preliterate societies.
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要记得,他们是尚无文字的社会。
10:12
The elders are the libraries.
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1780
长者就是图书馆。
10:13
Every time a shaman dies,
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1778
每次一位萨满死去,
10:15
it's as if a library has burned down.
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就好像一个图书馆被烧毁。
10:19
They have been forced off their lands.
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他们被逼迫离开自己的土地。
10:21
The drug traffickers have taken over the Nukak lands,
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4223
毒贩们霸占了Nukak部落的土地。
10:25
and the Nukaks live as beggars
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625761
1978
他们在哥伦比亚东部的公园中
10:27
in public parks in eastern Colombia.
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当起了乞丐。
10:30
From the Nukak lands, I want to take you to the southwest,
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从Nukak部落的土地,我带你去西南部,
10:33
to the most spectacular landscape in the world:
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2647
来到世界最壮丽的景观:
10:36
Chiribiquete National Park.
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2073
奇里维克特国家公园。
10:38
It was surrounded by three isolated tribes
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2139
它四周环绕着三个与世隔绝的部落,
10:40
and thanks to the Colombian government and Colombian colleagues,
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3031
在哥伦比亚政府和哥伦比亚同僚的努力下,
10:43
it has now expanded.
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1946
国家公园范围现在扩大了。
10:45
It's bigger than the state of Maryland.
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1977
它比马里兰州的面积还大。
10:47
It is a treasure trove of botanical diversity.
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它是植物多样化的宝库。
10:51
It was first explored botanically in 1943
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奇里维克特山最早在1943年进行了植物学探索,
10:54
by my mentor, Richard Schultes,
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探索由我的导师,理查德·舒尔特斯进行。
10:55
seen here atop the Bell Mountain,
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2870
这里看到的是他在贝尔山的顶端,
10:58
the sacred mountains of the Karijonas.
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2435
贝尔山是Karijona部落的圣山。
11:01
And let me show you what it looks like today.
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2291
让我带你看看现在那里是什么样。
11:03
Flying over Chiribiquete,
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飞跃奇里维克特山,
11:05
realize that these lost world mountains are still lost.
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2578
这些与世隔绝的山仍旧是与世隔绝的。
11:07
No scientist has been atop them.
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1805
没有科学家登顶过。
11:09
In fact, nobody has been atop the Bell Mountain
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2193
事实上,自舒尔特斯1943年以来,
11:11
since Schultes in '43.
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671981
1959
再也没有人登顶过贝尔山。
11:13
And we'll end up here with the Bell Mountain
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我们前面就是贝尔山,
11:16
just to the east of the picture.
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2258
就在画面东部。
11:19
Let me show you what it looks like today.
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让我带你们看看它现在的样子。
11:21
Not only is this a treasure trove of botanical diversity,
255
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3177
它不仅仅是植物多样化的宝库,
11:24
not only is it home to three isolated tribes,
256
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2778
也不仅仅是三个与世隔绝部落的家园,
11:27
but it's the greatest treasure trove
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1788
它还是世界上最伟大的
11:29
of pre-Colombian art in the world:
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3325
前哥伦布时期的艺术宝库,
11:32
over 200,000 paintings.
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2539
拥有超过20万幅画作。
11:35
The Dutch scientist Thomas van der Hammen
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2644
荷兰科学家托马斯·范德哈门
11:38
described this as the Sistine Chapel of the Amazon Rainforest.
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5686
称其为亚马逊热带雨林的西斯廷圣母院。
11:43
But move from Chiribiquete down to the southeast,
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2574
从奇里维克特山向东南方去,
11:46
again in the Colombian Amazon.
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回到哥伦比亚亚马逊。
11:48
Remember, the Colombian Amazon is bigger than New England.
264
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请记得,哥伦比亚亚马逊比新英格兰面积还广。
11:50
The Amazon's a big forest,
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1617
亚马逊是一大片森林,
11:52
and Brazil's got a big part of it,
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1631
巴西有很大一部分,
11:54
but not all of it.
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但不是全部。
11:55
Moving down to these two national parks,
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来到这两个国家公园,
11:57
Cahuinari and Puré
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2149
位于哥伦比亚亚马逊的
11:59
in the Colombian Amazon —
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1346
卡维纳里河国家公园和普伦国家公园 —
12:00
that's the Brazilian border to the right —
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2688
右边是巴西边境 —
12:03
it's home to several groups
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2374
是许多与世隔绝的部落
12:05
of isolated and uncontacted peoples.
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的家园。
12:07
To the trained eye, you can look at the roofs
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2129
如果你有能力,你能看出
12:09
of these malocas, these longhouses,
275
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2091
这些是长屋的房顶,
12:11
and see that there's cultural diversity.
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1921
看出那里的文化多样性。
12:13
These are, in fact, different tribes.
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2048
这些其实是不同的部落。
12:15
As isolated as these areas are,
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2564
尽管这些地方如此隔绝,
12:18
let me show you how the outside world is crowding in.
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我来给你们看外界是如何进行侵蚀的。
12:22
Here we see trade and transport increased in Putumayo.
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2721
这里,我们能看到普图马约河的贸易和运输增长。
12:25
With the diminishment of the Civil War in Colombia,
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2440
随着哥伦比亚内战的结束,
12:27
the outside world is showing up.
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外界开始侵入。
12:30
To the north, we have illegal gold mining,
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2752
北边,有非法的金矿,
12:33
also from the east, from Brazil.
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1692
东边来自巴西的也有。
12:34
There's increased hunting and fishing for commercial purposes.
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3640
商业目的的狩猎和捕鱼活动也越来越多。
12:38
We see illegal logging coming from the south,
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3057
南边我们能看到非法采木,
12:41
and drug runners are trying to move through the park
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2655
毒贩子也想穿过国家公园
12:44
and get into Brazil.
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2206
去巴西。
12:46
This, in the past, is why you didn't mess
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2758
这就是为什么在过去,你别惹
12:49
with isolated Indians.
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1621
与世隔绝的印第安人。
12:50
And if it looks like this picture is out of focus
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1864
如果这张照片看起来有点失焦,
12:52
because it was taken in a hurry, here's why.
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3286
因为拍摄的时候匆匆忙忙,而这就是为什么。
12:55
(Laughter)
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2517
(笑声)
12:58
This looks like — (Applause)
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5887
这看起来像 — (掌声)
13:04
This looks like a hangar from the Brazilian Amazon.
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2520
这看起来像是在巴西亚马逊的机库。
13:06
This is an art exhibit in Havana, Cuba.
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2743
这其实是古巴哈瓦那的艺术展,
13:09
A group called Los Carpinteros.
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1657
创作自一个叫做“Los Carpinteros”的组织。
13:11
This is their perception of why you shouldn't mess with uncontacted Indians.
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4351
这是他们想象中的你为什么别惹与世隔绝的的印第安人。
13:15
But the world is changing.
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795574
1977
但是世界在变化。
13:17
These are Mashco-Piros on the Brazil-Peru border
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2768
这些是Mashco-Piro人在巴西秘鲁边境,
13:20
who stumbled out of the jungle
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2141
他们逃出丛林
13:22
because they were essentially chased out
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1954
因为他们被驱赶出来,
13:24
by drug runners and timber people.
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2378
被毒贩和采木的人。
13:26
And in Peru, there's a very nasty business.
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2633
在秘鲁,有个很邪恶的行业
13:29
It's called human safaris.
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1820
叫人类游猎。
13:31
They will take you in to isolated groups to take their picture.
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3032
他们带你去隔绝部落照相。
13:34
Of course, when you give them clothes, when you give them tools,
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3046
当然,你给他们衣服,给他们工具,
13:37
you also give them diseases.
308
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1898
你也带给他们疾病。
13:39
We call these "inhuman safaris."
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2847
我们管这个叫“反人类游猎”。
13:42
These are Indians again on the Peru border,
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2098
这又是印第安人,在秘鲁边境,
13:44
who were overflown by flights sponsored by missionaries.
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3218
被传教士带着飞到这里。
13:47
They want to get in there and turn them into Christians.
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2931
传教士想把他们变成基督徒。
13:50
We know how that turns out.
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2195
我们都知道这样做的结果。
13:52
What's to be done?
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1774
能做些什么?
13:54
Introduce technology to the contacted tribes,
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2426
传播科技给已经有联系的部落,
13:56
not the uncontacted tribes,
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1902
不是隔绝的部落,
13:58
in a culturally sensitive way.
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3133
并在传播过程中照顾到他们的文化。
14:01
This is the perfect marriage of ancient shamanic wisdom
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4146
这是古老的萨满智慧与
14:05
and 21st century technology.
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2826
21世纪科技的完美联姻。
14:08
We've done this now with over 30 tribes,
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3011
我们已经跟超过30个部落合作了。
14:11
mapped, managed and increased protection
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2924
我们测绘了,管理了,并加强保护了
14:14
of over 70 million acres of ancestral rainforest.
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3903
超过七千万英亩的古老热带雨林。
14:18
(Applause)
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5273
(掌声)
14:23
So this allows the Indians to take control
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3222
这能让印第安人掌控
14:27
of their environmental and cultural destiny.
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3527
他们的环境和文化未来。
14:30
They also then set up guard houses
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1989
他们还设立了岗哨房,
14:32
to keep outsiders out.
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2006
不让外人进入。
14:34
These are Indians, trained as indigenous park rangers,
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2639
这些是印第安人,经过受训成为巡山人,
14:37
patrolling the borders
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1656
在边境巡逻,
14:38
and keeping the outside world at bay.
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3081
防止外部世界进入。
14:41
This is a picture of actual contact.
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2759
这是与部落接触时的照片。
14:44
These are Chitonahua Indians
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1907
他们是Chitonahua印第安部落,
14:46
on the Brazil-Peru border.
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2003
位于巴西秘鲁边境。
14:48
They've come out of the jungle
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1704
他们从丛林中走出,
14:50
asking for help.
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1741
寻求帮助。
14:52
They were shot at,
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1406
他们遭到枪击,
14:53
their malocas, their longhouses, were burned.
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2737
他们的长屋被焚毁。
14:56
Some of them were massacred.
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2503
他们有的人被屠杀。
14:58
Using automatic weapons to slaughter uncontacted peoples
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5786
使用自动化武器对付这些与世隔绝的部落
15:04
is the single most despicable and disgusting human rights abuse
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4232
是我们地球上如今最可耻最可恶的
15:08
on our planet today, and it has to stop.
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2945
反人类行径,这一行径必须停止。
15:11
(Applause)
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6534
(掌声)
15:18
But let me conclude by saying,
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2723
在结尾,请让我说,
15:20
this work can be spiritually rewarding,
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2864
这一工作对心灵是很有好处的,
15:23
but it's difficult and it can be dangerous.
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2844
但也是困难的,还会是很危险的。
15:26
Two colleagues of mine passed away recently
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2902
我的两个同事最近刚刚去世,
15:29
in the crash of a small plane.
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2365
死于小型飞机坠毁。
15:31
They were serving the forest
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1778
他们在保护森林,
15:33
to protect those uncontacted tribes.
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2748
保卫这些隔绝的部落。
15:36
So the question is, in conclusion,
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1937
那么在结尾,问题是,
15:38
is what the future holds.
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1825
未来会怎么样。
15:40
These are the Uray people in Brazil.
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2097
这些是巴西的Uray部落。
15:42
What does the future hold for them,
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1681
他们的未来会怎样。
15:43
and what does the future hold for us?
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2671
我们的未来会怎样?
15:46
Let's think differently.
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2481
让我们换个想法。
15:49
Let's make a better world.
356
949121
1797
让我们一起建立一个更好的世界。
15:50
If the climate's going to change,
357
950918
1918
如果气候变化一定要发生,
15:52
let's have a climate that changes for the better rather than the worse.
358
952836
4081
那就让气候变好,而不是变坏。
15:56
Let's live on a planet
359
956919
3165
让我们所生活的星球上
16:00
full of luxuriant vegetation,
360
960084
2820
充满丰富的植被,
16:02
in which isolated peoples
361
962904
2106
而隔绝的部落
16:05
can remain in isolation,
362
965010
1859
能够保持隔绝,
16:06
can maintain that mystery
363
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1973
能够继续那份神秘,
16:08
and that knowledge
364
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1526
还有那些智慧,
16:10
if they so choose.
365
970368
1645
如果他们愿意这样。
16:12
Let's live in a world
366
972013
2115
让我们所生活的世界里,
16:14
where the shamans live in these forests
367
974128
2369
萨满生活在树林中,
16:16
and heal themselves and us
368
976497
2944
用他们神秘的植物
16:19
with their mystical plants
369
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2737
和神圣的猴蛙,
16:22
and their sacred frogs.
370
982178
2057
治疗他们,还有我们。
16:24
Thanks again.
371
984235
1847
谢谢。
16:26
(Applause)
372
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3919
(掌声)
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