This country isn't just carbon neutral — it's carbon negative | Tshering Tobgay

Translator: Trine Anemone Andersen Reviewer: Sune Vilsted Østergaard

In case you are wondering,

Hvis I skulle undre jer,

no, I'm not wearing a dress,

så nej, jeg har ikke en kjole på,

and no, I'm not saying what I'm wearing underneath.

og nej, jeg fortæller jer ikke, hvad jeg har på indenunder.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

This is a gho.

Det her er en gho.

This is my national dress.

Det er min nationaldragt.

This is how all men dress in Bhutan.

Sådan går alle mænd klædt i Bhutan.

That is how our women dress.

Sådan der går vores kvinder klædt.

Like our women,

Ligesom vores kvinder,

we men get to wear pretty bright colors,

har vi mænd lov til, at bære stærke farver,

but unlike our women,

men modsat kvinderne

we get to show off our legs.

viser vi vores ben frem.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

Our national dress is unique,

Vores nationaldragt er unik,

but this is not the only thing that's unique about my country.

men det er ikke det eneste, der er unikt ved mit land.

Our promise to remain carbon neutral is also unique,

Vores løfte om at forblive CO2-neutral er også unikt,

and this is what I'd like to speak about today,

og det er hvad jeg gerne vil tale om i dag,

our promise to remain carbon neutral.

vores løfte om at forblive CO2-neutral.

But before I proceed, I should set you the context.

Men inden jeg fortsætter, må jeg vise jer konteksten.

I should tell you our story.

Jeg må fortælle jer vores historie.

Bhutan is a small country in the Himalayas.

Bhutan er et lille land i Himalaya.

We've been called Shangri-La,

Vi er blevet kaldt Shangri-La,

even the last Shangri-La.

selv det sidste Shangri-La.

But let me tell you right off the bat, we are not Shangri-La.

Men lad mig starte med at sige, at vi ikke er Shangri-La.

My country is not one big monastery

Mit land er ikke ét stort kloster

populated with happy monks.

befolket med glade munke.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

The reality is that there are barely 700,000 of us

Virkeligheden er, at der er knap 700.000 af os,

sandwiched between two of the most populated countries on earth,

lige midt imellem to af de mest befolkede lande på jorden,

China and India.

Kina og Indien.

The reality is that we are a small, underdeveloped country

Virkeligheden er, at vi er et lille, underudviklet land,

doing our best to survive.

der gør vores bedste for at overleve.

But we are doing OK. We are surviving.

Men det går meget godt. Vi overlever.

In fact, we are thriving,

Faktisk, så trives vi,

and the reason we are thriving is because we've been blessed

og årsagen til, at vi trives, er at vi er blevet velsignet

with extraordinary kings.

med uovertræffelige konger.

Our enlightened monarchs have worked tirelessly

Vores oplyste monarker har knoklet dag og nat

to develop our country,

for at udvikle vores land

balancing economic growth carefully

ved forsigtigt at balancere den økonomiske vækst sammen

with social development, environmental sustainability

med social udvikling, miljømæssig bæredygtighed

and cultural preservation,

og kulturel bevarelse,

all within the framework of good governance.

alt sammen indenfor rammerne af god regeringsførelse.

We call this holistic approach to development

Vi kalder denne holistiske tilgang til udvikling

"Gross National Happiness," or GNH.

"Brutto National Lykke," eller BNL.

Back in the 1970s,

Tilbage i 1970'erne,

our fourth king famously pronounced that for Bhutan,

erklærede vores fjerde konge at for Bhutan,

Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product.

er Brutto National Lykke vigtigere end Brutto National Produkt.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

Ever since,

Lige siden

all development in Bhutan is driven by GNH,

er al udvikling i Bhutan drevet af BNL,

a pioneering vision that aims to improve the happiness

en banebrydende vision, der sigter, at forbedre glæden

and well-being of our people.

og velværen for vores folk.

But that's easier said than done,

Men det er lettere sagt end gjort,

especially when you are one of the smallest economies in the world.

særligt når du er en af de mindste økonomier i verden.

Our entire GDP is less than two billion dollars.

Vores samlede BNP er under to milliarder dollars.

I know that some of you here are worth more --

Jeg ved at nogle af jer herinde er mere værd --

(Laughter)

(Latter)

individually

individuelt

than the entire economy of my country.

end hele mit lands samlede økonomi.

So our economy is small,

Så vores økonomi er lille,

but here is where it gets interesting.

men netop her bliver det interessant.

Education is completely free.

Uddannelse er helt gratis.

All citizens are guaranteed free school education,

Alle borgere er garanteret gratis skolegang

and those that work hard are given free college education.

og dem, der arbejder hårdt, får gratis videreuddannelse.

Healthcare is also completely free.

Sundhedsydelser er også helt gratis.

Medical consultation, medical treatment, medicines:

Lægekonsultation, medicinsk behandling, medicin:

they are all provided by the state.

stilles alt sammen til rådighed af staten.

We manage this

Det lykkes vi med

because we use our limited resources very carefully,

fordi vi bruger vores begrænsede ressourcer med stor forsigtighed,

and because we stay faithful to the core mission of GNH,

og fordi vi forbliver trofaste mod den virkelige mission for BNL,

which is development with values.

som er udvikling med værdier.

Our economy is small, and we must strengthen it.

Vores økonomi er lille, og vi bliver nødt til at styrke den.

Economic growth is important,

Økonomisk vækst er vigtigt,

but that economic growth must not come from undermining our unique culture

men den økonomiske vækst må ikke komme ved at undergrave vores unikke kultur

or our pristine environment.

eller vores uberørte natur og miljø.

Today, our culture is flourishing.

I dag stortrives vores kultur.

We continue to celebrate our art and architecture,

Vi fortsætter med at fejre vores kunst og arkitektur,

food and festivals,

mad og festivaler,

monks and monasteries.

munke og klostre.

And yes, we celebrate our national dress, too.

Og ja, vi fejrer også vores nationaldragt.

This is why I can wear my gho with pride.

Derfor kan jeg bære min gho med stolthed.

Here's a fun fact:

Her er et sjovt faktum:

you're looking at the world's biggest pocket.

I kigger på verdens største lomme.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

It starts here,

Den starter her,

goes around the back,

går rundt om bag på,

and comes out from inside here.

og kommer ud igen indefra her.

In this pocket

I den her lomme,

we store all manner of personal goods

opbevarer vi alle mulige former for personlige ejendele

from phones and wallets

fra telefoner og punge

to iPads, office files and books.

til iPads, arbejdspapirer og bøger.

(Laughter)

(Latter)

(Applause)

(Bifald)

But sometimes --

Men nogle gange --

sometimes even precious cargo.

nogle gange endda dyrebart gods.

So our culture is flourishing,

Så vores kultur er i fremgang,

but so is our environment.

men det er vores natur også.

72 percent of my country is under forest cover.

72 procent af mit land er dækket af skov.

Our constitution demands that a minimum of 60 percent

Vores forfatning påkræver, at minimum 60 procent

of Bhutan's total land shall remain under forest cover

af Bhutans samlede land skal forblive dækket af skov

for all time.

i al evighed.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

Our constitution,

Vores forfatning,

this constitution,

denne forfatning,

imposes forest cover on us.

pålægger os skovdække.

Incidentally, our king used this constitution

I øvrigt brugte vores konge denne forfatning

to impose democracy on us.

til at pålægge os demokrati.

You see, we the people didn't want democracy.

Ser I, vi folket, ønskede ikke demokrati.

We didn't ask for it, we didn't demand it,

Vi bad ikke om det, vi krævede det ikke,

and we certainly didn't fight for it.

og vi kæmpede bestemt ikke for det.

Instead, our king imposed democracy on us

I stedet for pålagde vores konge os demokrati,

by insisting that he include it in the constitution.

ved at insistere på at inkludere det i forfatningen.

But he went further.

Men han gik længere end det.

He included provisions in the constitution

Han inkluderede bestemmelser i forfatningen,

that empower the people to impeach their kings,

der myndiggør folket til, at stille deres konge for en rigsret,

and included provisions in here that require all our kings to retire

og inkluderede bestemmelser heri, der kræver at alle konger må gå på pension,

at the age of 65.

når de er 65 år.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

Fact is, we already have a king in retirement:

Rent faktisk, så har vi allerede en pensioneret konge:

our previous king, the Great Fourth,

vores tidligere konge, den Store Fjerde,

retired 10 years ago

gik på pension for 10 år siden,

at the peak of his popularity.

på toppen af hans popularitet.

He was all of 51 years at that time.

Han var hele 51 år på daværende tidspunkt.

So as I was saying,

Som jeg sagde tidligere,

72 percent of our country is under forest cover,

72 procent af vores land er dækket af skov,

and all that forest is pristine.

og al den skov er uberørt.

That's why we are one of the few remaining

Derfor er vi et af de få tilbageværende

global biodiversity hotspots in the world,

globale hotspots for biodiversitet i verden,

and that's why we are a carbon neutral country.

og det er derfor, at vi er et CO2-neutralt land.

In a world that is threatened with climate change,

I en verden der er truet af klimaforandringer,

we are a carbon neutral country.

er vi et CO2-neutralt land.

Turns out, it's a big deal.

Det viser sig, at det er stort.

Of the 200-odd countries in the world today,

Ud af de 200-og-nogle lande i verden i dag,

it looks like we are the only one

ser det ud til, at vi er det eneste,

that's carbon neutral.

der er CO2-neutral.

Actually, that's not quite accurate.

Faktisk er det ikke helt korrekt.

Bhutan is not carbon neutral.

Bhutan er ikke CO2-neutral.

Bhutan is carbon negative.

Bhutan er CO2-negativ.

Our entire country generates 2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide,

Hele vores land genererer 2,2 millioner tons kuldioxid,

but our forests, they sequester more than three times that amount,

men vores skove, de optager mere end tre gange så meget,

so we are a net carbon sink

så vi er et kulstofdræn

for more than four million tons of carbon dioxide each year.

på mere end fire millioner tons kuldioxid hvert år.

But that's not all.

Men det er ikke det hele.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

We export most of the renewable electricity

Vi eksporterer det meste af den vedvarende elektricitet,

we generate from our fast-flowing rivers.

vi genererer fra vores strømmende floder.

So today, the clean energy that we export

Så i dag kan den rene energi, vi eksporterer

offsets about six million tons of carbon dioxide in our neighborhood.

modregne godt seks millioner tons kuldioxid i vores nærmiljø.

By 2020, we'll be exporting enough electricity

Fra 2020, vil vi eksportere nok elektricitet

to offset 17 million tons of carbon dioxide.

til at kunne modregne 17 millioner tons kuldioxid.

And if we were to harness even half our hydropower potential,

Hvis vi indfanger bare halvdelen af vores potentiale for vandkraft,

and that's exactly what we are working at,

og det er præcis det, vi arbejder hen imod,

the clean, green energy that we export

vil den rene, grønne energi, som vi eksporterer

would offset something like 50 million tons of carbon dioxide a year.

modregne noget i nærheden af 50 millioner tons kuldioxid om året.

That is more CO2 than what the entire city of New York generates in one year.

Det er mere CO2 end hele New York genererer på et år.

So inside our country, we are a net carbon sink.

Så indenfor vores land, er vi et kulstofdræn.

Outside, we are offsetting carbon.

Udenfor, modregner vi CO2.

And this is important stuff.

Og det er vigtige sager.

You see, the world is getting warmer,

Ser I, verden bliver varmere,

and climate change is a reality.

og klimaforandringerne er virkelige.

Climate change is affecting my country.

Klimaforandringerne påvirker mit land.

Our glaciers are melting,

Vores gletsjere smelter,

causing flash floods and landslides,

og forårsager stormfloder og jordskred,

which in turn are causing disaster and widespread destruction in our country.

som til gengæld forårsager katastrofer og udstrakt ødelæggelse i vores land.

I was at that lake recently.

Jeg var oppe ved den sø for nylig.

It's stunning.

Den er betagende.

That's how it looked 10 years ago,

Sådan her så der ud for 10 år siden,

and that's how it looked 20 years ago.

og sådan her så der ud for 20 år siden.

Just 20 years ago, that lake didn't exist.

For bare 20 år siden, eksisterede søen ikke.

It was a solid glacier.

Det var en fast gletsjer.

A few years ago, a similar lake

For et par år siden, brød en lignende sø

breached its dams

igennem sin dæmning

and wreaked havoc in the valleys below.

og skabte kaos i dalene under den.

That destruction was caused by one glacier lake.

Den ødelæggelse blev forårsaget af én gletsjersø.

We have 2,700 of them to contend with.

Vi har 2.700 af dem at holde styr på.

The point is this:

Her er pointen:

my country and my people have done nothing

mit land og mit folk har intet gjort

to contribute to global warming,

for at bidrage til global opvarmning,

but we are already bearing the brunt of its consequences.

men vi tager allerede det værste stød af konsekvenserne.

And for a small, poor country, one that is landlocked and mountainous,

Og for et lille, fattigt land, der er landlåst og bjergrigt,

it is very difficult.

er det meget svært.

But we are not going to sit on our hands doing nothing.

Men vi sætter os ikke ned og triller tommelfingre.

We will fight climate change.

Vi vil bekæmpe klimaforandringerne.

That's why we have promised to remain carbon neutral.

Det er derfor, at vi har lovet at forblive CO2-neutral.

We first made this promise in 2009

Vi gav dette løfte første gang i 2009

during COP 15 in Copenhagen,

under COP 15 i København,

but nobody noticed.

men ingen opdagede det.

Governments were so busy arguing with one another

Regeringer var så optaget af, at diskutere med hinanden

and blaming each other for causing climate change,

og anklage hinanden for at være skyld i klimaforandringerne,

that when a small country raised our hands and announced,

at da et lille land stak hænderne i vejret og annoncerede,

"We promise to remain carbon neutral for all time,"

"Vi lover at forblive kulstof-CO2 for evig tid,"

nobody heard us.

hørte ingen os.

Nobody cared.

Ingen var interesserede.

Last December in Paris,

Sidste december i Paris,

at COP 21, we reiterated our promise

under COP 21, gentog vi vores løfte

to remain carbon neutral for all time to come.

om at forblive CO2-neutrale i al tid fremover.

This time, we were heard.

Denne gang blev vi hørt.

We were noticed, and everybody cared.

Vi blev lagt mærke til, og alle var interesserede.

What was different in Paris was that governments came round together

Forskellen i Paris var, at regeringerne kom til enighed

to accept the realities of climate change,

om at acceptere realiteterne af klimaforandringerne,

and were willing to come together and act together and work together.

og var villige til at stå sammen, og handle sammen og arbejde sammen.

All countries, from the very small to the very large,

Alle lande, fra de helt små, til de helt store,

committed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.

forpligtigede sig til at reducere drivhusgasudledningerne.

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

FN's Klimakonvention

says that if these so-called intended commitments are kept,

har udtalt at hvis disse såkaldte tilsigtede forpligtigelser holdes,

we'd be closer to containing global warming

vil vi være tættere på at standse global opvarmning

by two degrees Celsius.

ved to grader celsius.

By the way,

Forresten

I've requested the TED organizers here

har jeg anmodet TED-arrangørerne her

to turn up the heat in here by two degrees,

om at skrue op for varmen herinde med to grader,

so if some of you are feeling warmer than usual,

så hvis nogen af jer har det varmere end sædvanligt,

you know who to blame.

ved I hvem det skyldes.

It's crucial that all of us keep our commitments.

Det er afgørende, at vi alle sammen holder vores løfter.

As far as Bhutan is concerned,

For Bhutans vedkommende,

we will keep our promise to remain carbon neutral.

vil vi holde vores løfte om at forblive CO2-neutral.

Here are some of the ways we are doing it.

Her er nogle, af de måder vi gør det på.

We are providing free electricity to our rural farmers.

Vi leverer gratis elektricitet til landmænd i yderområder.

The idea is that, with free electricity, they will no longer have to use firewood

Idéen er, at med gratis elektricitet, vil de ikke længere skulle bruge brænde

to cook their food.

til at lave deres mad.

We are investing in sustainable transport

Vi investerer i bæredygtig transport

and subsidizing the purchase of electric vehicles.

og giver tilskud til køb af elektriske køretøjer.

Similarly, we are subsidizing the cost of LED lights,

Ligeledes giver vi tilskud til udgifterne på LED-pærer,

and our entire government is trying to go paperless.

og hele vores regering forsøger at blive papirløs.

We are cleaning up our entire country through Clean Bhutan, a national program,

Vi rydder op over hele landet igennem Rent Bhutan, et nationalt program,

and we are planting trees throughout our country

og vi planter træer ud over hele vores land

through Green Bhutan,

igennem Grønt Bhutan,

another national program.

et andet nationalt program.

But it is our protected areas

Men det er vores beskyttede områder

that are at the core of our carbon neutral strategy.

der er kernen i vores strategi for CO2-neutralitet.

Our protected areas are our carbon sink.

Vores beskyttede områder er vores kulstofdræn.

They are our lungs.

De er vores lunger.

Today, more than half our country is protected,

I dag er over halvdelen af vores land beskyttet,

as national parks, nature reserves

som nationalparker, naturreservater

and wildlife sanctuaries.

og reservater for dyreliv.

But the beauty is that we've connected them all with one another

Det gode er, at vi har forbundet dem alle sammen med hinanden

through a network of biological corridors.

i et netværk af biologiske korridorer.

Now, what this means

Betydningen af dette er,

is that our animals are free to roam throughout our country.

at vores dyr kan bevæge sig frit rundt over hele landet.

Take this tiger, for example.

Tag for eksempel tigeren her.

It was spotted at 250 meters above sea level

Den blev set 250 meter over havniveau

in the hot, subtropical jungles.

i den varme, subtropiske jungle.

Two years later, that same tiger

To år senere blev den selv samme tiger

was spotted near 4,000 meters

set ved knap 4.000 meter

in our cold alpine mountains.

i vores kolde alpine bjerge.

Isn't that awesome?

Er det ikke fantastisk?

(Applause)

(Bifald)

We must keep it that way.

Vi må sikre at det kan forblive sådan.

We must keep our parks awesome.

Vi må sikre vores fantastiske parker.

So every year, we set aside resources to prevent poaching, hunting,

Så hvert år sætter vi ressourcer til side for at forhindre krybskytteri, jagt,

mining and pollution in our parks,

minedrift og forurening i vores parker,

and resources to help communities who live in those parks

og ressourcer til at hjælpe de samfund, der lever i de parker

manage their forests,

med at varetage deres skove,

adapt to climate change,

tilpasse sig klimaforandringer

and lead better lives while continuing to live in harmony with Mother Nature.

og leve bedre liv samtidig med fortsat at leve i harmoni med Moder Jord.

But that is expensive.

Men det er dyrt.

Over the next few years, our small economy won't have the resources

I løbet af de næste par år, vil vores lille økonomi ikke have ressourcerne

to cover all the costs that are required to protect our environment.

til at dække alle udgifterne, der kræves for at beskytte vores miljø.

In fact, when we run the numbers,

Faktisk, når vi ser på tallene,

it looks like it'll take us at least 15 years

ser det ud til, at det vil tage os mindst 15 år

before we can fully finance all our conservation efforts.

før vi fuldt ud kan finansiere alle vores fredningstiltag.

But neither Bhutan,

Men hverken Bhutan,

nor the world

eller verden

can afford to spend 15 years going backwards.

har råd til at bruge 15 år på at gå baglæns.

This is why His Majesty the King

Det er derfor Hans Majestæt Kongen

started Bhutan For Life.

startede Bhutan For Evigt.

Bhutan For Life gives us the time we need.

Bhutan For Evigt giver os den tid vi har brug for.

It gives us breathing room.

Den giver os plads.

It is essentially a funding mechanism

Den er et finansieringsskema,

to look after our parks,

der skal varetage vores parker,

to protect our parks,

beskytte vores parker,

until our government can take over on our own fully.

indtil vores regering kan tage over selv.

The idea is to raise a transition fund

Idéen er at indsamle en omstillingsstøtte

from individual donors, corporations and institutions,

fra individuelle donorer, virksomheder og institutioner,

but the deal is closed only after predetermined conditions are met

men aftalen lukkes kun, såfremt de aftalte betingelser imødegås,

and all funds committed.

og alle midler er bundet.

So multiparty, single closing:

Så flerparts-, enkelt lukning:

an idea we borrowed from Wall Street.

en idé vi har lånt fra Wall Street.

This means that individual donors can commit without having to worry

Dette betyder, at individuelle donorer kan binde sig uden at bekymre sig om,

that they'll be left supporting an underfunded plan.

at de vil ende med at støtte en underfinansieret plan.

It's something like a Kickstarter project,

Lidt ligesom som et Kickstarter-projekt,

only with a 15-year time horizon

bare med en 15-årig tidshorisont

and millions of tons of carbon dioxide at stake.

og millioner tons kuldioxid på spil.

Once the deal is closed,

Når aftalen er i hus,

we use the transition fund to protect our parks,

bruger vi omtillingsstøtten til at beskytte vores parker,

giving our government time to increase our own funding gradually

imens vores regering får tid til gradvist at øge vores egen finansiering

until the end of the 15-year period.

frem til udgangen af den 15-årige periode.

After that, our government guarantees full funding forever.

Derefter garanterer vores regering fuld finansiering for evigt.

We are almost there.

Vi er der næsten.

We expect to close later this year.

Vi forventer at afslutte senere i år.

Naturally, I'm pretty excited.

Jeg er naturligvis ret begejstret.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

The World Wildlife Fund is our principle partner in this journey,

Verdensnaturfonden er vores største partner på denne rejse,

and I want to give them a big shoutout

og jeg har lyst til at give dem en kæmpe hånd

for the excellent work they are doing in Bhutan

for det store stykke arbejde de laver i Bhutan

and across the world.

og over hele verden.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

Whew, it is getting warm in here.

Pyha, det er ved at blive varmt herinde.

I thank you for listening to our story,

Jeg takker jer for at lytte til vores historie,

a story of how we are keeping our promise to remain carbon neutral,

en historie om hvordan vi holder vores løfte om at forblive CO2-neutrale,

a story of how we are keeping our country pristine,

en historie om hvordan vi bevarer vores land uberørt

for ourselves, our children,

for os selv, vores børn,

for your children and for the world.

for jeres børn og for verden.

But we are not here to tell stories, are we?

Men vi er her ikke for at fortælle historier, er vi?

We are here to dream together.

Vi er her for at drømme sammen.

So in closing, I'd like to share one more dream that I have.

Som afslutning vil jeg gerne dele en drøm mere, som jeg har.

What if we could mobilize our leadership and our resources,

Hvad hvis vi kunne mobilisere vores lederskab og vores ressourcer,

our influence and our passion,

vores indflydelse og vores passion,

to replicate the Bhutan For Life idea to other countries

til at reproducere Bhutan For Evigt-idéen i andre lande

so that they too

så de også

can conserve their protected areas for all time.

kan bevare deres beskyttede områder for evigt.

After all, there are many other countries who face the same issues that we face.

Der er sådan set mange andre lande, der står overfor de samme problemer som os.

They too have natural resources

De har også naturressourcer,

that can help win the world's fight for sustainability,

der kan hjælpe med til at vinde verdens kamp for bæredygtighed,

only they may not have the ability to invest in them now.

selvom de måske ikke er i stand til at investere i dem nu.

So what if we set up Earth For Life,

Så hvad nu hvis vi starter Jorden For Evigt,

a global fund, to kickstart the Bhutan For Life throughout the world?

en global fond, der kan kickstarte Bhutan For Evigt på verdensplan?

I invite you to help me,

I inviteres til at hjælpe mig,

to carry this dream beyond our borders

med at bære denne drøm ud over vores grænser

to all those who care about our planet's future.

til alle dem, der interesserer sig for vores planets fremtid.

After all, we're here to dream together,

Vi er her trods alt for at drømme sammen,

to work together,

arbejde sammen,

to fight climate change together, to protect our planet together.

bekæmpe klimaforandringerne sammen, beskytte vores planet sammen.

Because the reality is

For virkeligheden er,

we are in it together.

at det vedrører os alle.

Some of us might dress differently,

Nogen af os går måske anderledes klædt,

but we are in it together.

men det vedrører os alle.

Thank you very much,

Mange tak skal I have,

and kadrin chhe la. Thank you.

og kadrin chhe la. Tak.

(Applause)

(Bifald)

Thank you, thank you, thank you.

Tak, tak, tak.