The symbols of systemic racism — and how to take away their power | Paul Rucker

456,163 views ・ 2018-07-19

TED


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Translator: Isaura Montull Fargas Reviewer: Manel Guitart
00:12
[This talk contains graphic images Viewer discretion is advised]
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[Aquesta xerrada conté imatges que poden ferir la sensibilitat de l'espectador]
00:17
I collect objects.
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Col·lecciono objectes.
00:19
I collect branding irons that were used to mark slaves as property.
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Col·lecciono ferros de marcar que s'usaven per identificar esclaus com a propietat.
00:25
I collect shackles for adults
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Col·lecciono grillons per a adults
00:29
and restraints for adults
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i estris per subjugar adults
00:31
as well as children.
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i també nens.
00:37
I collect lynching postcards.
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Col·lecciono postals de linxaments.
00:40
Yes, they depict lynchings.
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Sí, mostren linxaments.
00:42
They also depict the massive crowds that attended these lynchings,
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També mostren la gran quantitat d'espectadors que hi assistien.
00:46
and they are postcards
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I són postals
00:48
that were also used for correspondence.
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que també s'utilitzaven com a correspondència.
00:52
I collect proslavery books that portray black people as criminals
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Col·lecciono llibres que defensen l'esclavitud
i descriuen els negres com a criminals
00:58
or as animals without souls.
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o com a animals sense ànima.
01:02
I brought you something today.
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Els he portat algunes coses.
01:07
This is a ship's branding iron.
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Això és un ferro de marcar trobat en un vaixell.
01:10
It was used to mark slaves.
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S'utilitzava per marcar els esclaus.
Bé, no eren esclaus encara quan els marcaven.
01:15
Well, they actually were not slaves when they were marked.
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Eren a l'Àfrica.
01:17
They were in Africa.
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Però se'ls marcava amb una "S"
01:19
But they were marked with an "S"
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per indicar que serien esclaus
01:21
to designate that they were going to be slaves
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01:23
when they were brought to the US
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una vegada arribessin als EUA
01:25
and when they were brought to Europe.
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o a Europa.
Un altre dels objectes que em va capturar la imaginació de jove
01:32
Another object or image that captured my imagination when I was younger
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01:35
was a Klan robe.
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va ser la túnica del Klan.
01:37
Growing up in South Carolina, I would see Ku Klux Klan rallies occasionally,
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Vivint a Carolina del Sud, estava acostumat a veure
actes del Ku Klux Klan de tant en tant.
01:41
actually more than occasionally,
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De fet, més que de tant en tant.
01:43
and the memories of those events never really left my mind.
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I el record d'aquests actes mai se'm va esborrar de la memòria.
01:46
And I didn't really do anything with that imagery until 25 years later.
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I no vaig fer res amb aquestes imatges fins al cap de 25 anys.
01:51
A few years ago, I started researching the Klan,
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Fa uns anys, vaig començar a investigar sobre el Klan,
01:53
the three distinct waves of the Klan,
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sobres les seves tres encarnacions
01:56
the second one in particular.
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i, en particular, la segona.
01:58
The second wave of the Klan had more than five million active members,
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La segona encarnació del Klan va tenir més de 5 milions de membres actius,
02:03
which was five percent of the population at the time,
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que representava el 5% de la població en aquell temps,
02:06
which was also the population of New York City at the time.
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o la població total de Nova York d'aquell moment.
02:10
The Klan robe factory in the Buckhead neighborhood of Georgia was so busy
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La fàbrica de túniques del Klan situada a Buckhead, Georgia, tenia tanta demanda
02:14
it became a 24-hour factory to keep up with orders.
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que funcionava 24 hores per poder atendre tots els encàrrecs.
02:18
They kept 20,000 robes on hand at all time to keep up with the demand.
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Sempre tenien 20 000 túniques preparades per poder satisfer la demanda.
02:24
As a collector of artifacts and as an artist,
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Com a col·leccionista d'objectes i com a artista
02:26
I really wanted a Klan robe to be part of my collection,
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realment volia una túnica del Klan per a la col·lecció
02:29
because artifacts and objects tell stories,
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perquè els objectes expliquen històries,
però no en podia aconseguir cap que realment fos de bona qualitat.
02:33
but I really couldn't find one that was really good quality.
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02:36
What is a black man to do in America
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Què pot fer un negre als EUA
02:38
when he can't find the quality Klan robe that he's looking for?
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quan no aconsegueix una túnica de qualitat del Klan?
02:41
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
02:45
So I had no other choice.
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No tenia cap altra opció.
02:47
I decided I was going to make the best quality Klan robes in America.
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Vaig decidir que fabricaria les millors túniques del Klan als EUA.
02:53
These are not your traditional Klan robes you would see at any KKK rally.
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No són les tradicionals túniques que es veuen als actes del KKK.
02:57
I used kente cloth,
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Vaig utilitzar teixit Kente,
02:59
I used camouflage,
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tela de camuflatge,
03:01
spandex, burlap, silks, satins and different patterns.
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elastà, xarpellera, seda, setí i estampats diferents.
03:07
I make them for different age groups; I make them for young kids
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Les fabrico per a gent de diverses edats,
per a joves i per a nens petits.
03:10
as well as toddlers.
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03:12
I even made one for an infant.
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Fins i tot en vaig fer una per a un nadó.
03:19
After making so many robes,
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Després de fabricar tantes túniques, em vaig adonar
03:21
I realized that the policies the Klan had in place
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que les polítiques que el Klan promovia
03:25
or wanted to have in place a hundred years ago
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o que volien implementar fa cent anys
03:28
are in place today.
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existeixen avui en dia.
03:30
We have segregated schools, neighborhoods, workplaces,
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Tenim escoles, barris i llocs de feina segregats racialment,
03:35
and it's not the people wearing hoods that are keeping these policies in place.
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però els que porten caputxes no són els que conserven aquestes polítiques.
03:41
My work is about the long-term impact of slavery.
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La meva feina tracta l'impacte de l'esclavitud a llarg termini.
03:44
We're not just dealing with the residue of systemic racism.
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No només ens ocupem de les restes d'un racisme sistemàtic.
03:47
It's the basis of every single thing we do.
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És la base de tot el que fem.
03:50
Again we have intentionally segregated neighborhoods,
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Una altra vegada, hem segregat intencionadament barris,
03:53
workplaces and schools.
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llocs de feina i escoles.
03:56
We have voter suppression.
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Suprimim els votants.
03:57
We have disproportionate representation of minorities incarcerated.
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Hi ha una representació desproporcionada de minories a les presons.
04:03
We have environmental racism. We have police brutality.
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Tenim racisme ambiental. Brutalitat policial.
04:08
I brought you a few things today.
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Els he portat unes quantes coses.
04:13
The stealth aspect of racism
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L'aspecte amagat del racisme
és part del seu poder.
04:16
is part of its power.
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04:19
When you're discriminated against,
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Quan se't discrimina,
no sempre pots demostrar-ho.
04:21
you can't always prove you're being discriminated against.
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04:25
Racism has the power to hide,
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El racisme té el poder d'amagar-se,
04:28
and when it hides, it's kept safe
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i quan s'amaga, es troba fora de perill
04:31
because it blends in.
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perquè es camufla.
04:34
I created this robe to illustrate that.
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Vaig fer aquesta túnica per il·lustrar-ho.
04:38
The basis of capitalism in America is slavery.
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La base del capitalisme als EUA és l'esclavitud.
04:46
Slaves were the capital in capitalism.
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Els esclaus van ser el capital del capitalisme.
04:50
The first Grand Wizard in 1868, Nathan Bedford Forrest,
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El primer líder oficial del KKK el 1868, Nathan Bedford Forrest,
04:54
was a Confederate soldier and a millionaire slave trader.
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era un soldat de la Confederació i un traficant d'esclaus milionari.
05:07
The wealth that was created from chattel slavery --
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La riquesa com a producte de l'esclavitud,
05:10
that's slaves as property -- would boggle the mind.
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de tractar l'esclau com a propietat, era increïble.
05:14
Cotton sales alone in 1860 equalled 200 million dollars.
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Tan sols la venda de cotó el 1860 equivalia a 200 milions de dòlars.
05:18
That would equal five billion dollars today.
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Avui en dia, això equivaldria a 5 000 milions de dòlars.
05:23
A lot of that wealth can be seen today through generational wealth.
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Molta d'aquesta riquesa es veu actualment en la riquesa heretada.
05:28
Oh, I forgot the other crops as well.
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Ah, i oblidava també els altres productes.
05:30
You have indigo, rice and tobacco.
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Tenim indi, arròs i tabac.
05:38
In 2015, I made one robe a week for the entire year.
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El 2015 vaig fabricar una túnica a la setmana durant tot l'any.
05:43
After making 75 robes, I had an epiphany.
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Després de fer 75 túniques, vaig tenir una revelació.
05:45
I have a realization that white supremacy is there,
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Em vaig adonar que la supremacia blanca existeix,
05:51
but the biggest force of white supremacy is not the KKK,
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però el KKK no n'és el màxim promotor,
05:55
it's the normalization of systemic racism.
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sinó la normalització del racisme sistemàtic.
05:59
There was something else I realized.
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També em vaig adonar d'una altra cosa.
06:01
The robes had no more power over me at all.
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Les túniques ja no tenien el poder d'afectar-me.
06:05
But if we as a people collectively
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Però si nosaltres, com a societat,
06:09
look at these objects --
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analitzem aquests objectes,
06:11
branding irons, shackles, robes --
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ferros de marcar, grillons, túniques,
06:13
and realize that they are part of our history,
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i acceptem que són part de la nostra història,
06:16
we can find a way to where they have no more power over us.
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llavors aconseguirem evitar que el seu poder ens afecti.
06:21
If we look at systemic racism and acknowledge
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Si analitzem el racisme sistemàtic
i reconeixem que està ben arrelat a la nostra identitat com a país,
06:26
that it's sown into the very fabric of who we are as a country,
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06:31
then we can actually do something about the intentional segregation
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llavors podrem fer alguna cosa amb la segregació racial intencionada
06:35
in our schools, neighborhoods and workplaces.
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a les nostres escoles, barris i llocs de feina.
06:40
But then and only then can we actually address
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Només llavors podrem tractar
06:43
and confront this legacy of slavery
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i afrontar realment el llegat de l'esclavitud
06:45
and dismantle this ugly legacy of slavery.
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i desmantellar aquest horrible llegat.
06:49
Thank you very much.
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Moltes gràcies.
06:50
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
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