Justin Hall-Tipping: Freeing energy from the grid

171,476 views ใƒป 2011-10-18

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: khalid marbou ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Mahmoud Aghiorly
00:16
Why can't we solve these problems?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŸ
00:21
We know what they are.
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ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุงู‡ูŠุชู‡ุง.
00:24
Something always seems to stop us.
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ูŠูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง.
00:28
Why?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
00:31
I remember March the 15th, 2000.
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ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุนุดุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฑุณ 2000.
00:35
The B15 iceberg broke off the Ross Ice Shelf.
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ุงู†ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุฏูŠ B15 ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฑู ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุฑูˆุณ.
00:39
In the newspaper it said
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุตุญูŠูุฉ ู‚ูŠู„ ุฃู†
00:42
"it was all part of a normal process."
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"ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ."
00:45
A little bit further on in the article
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ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„
00:48
it said "a loss that would normally take
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ "ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ุชุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุนุงุฏุฉ
00:51
the ice shelf 50-100 years to replace."
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑู ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุฏูŠ 50 ุฅู„ู‰ 100 ุณู†ุฉ ู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถู‡ุง."
00:58
That same word, "normal,"
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ "ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ"
01:01
had two different,
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ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงู†ุŒ
01:03
almost opposite meanings.
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ูˆู…ุชุถุงุฏุงู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง.
01:06
If we walk into the B15 iceberg
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ุฅู† ุตุงุฏูู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุฏูŠ B15
01:09
when we leave here today,
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ุญูŠู† ู†ุบุงุฏุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
01:12
we're going to bump into something
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ุณู†ุตุทุฏู… ุจุดูŠุก
01:15
a thousand feet tall,
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ุจุนู„ูˆ ุฃู„ู ู‚ุฏู…ุŒ
01:17
76 miles long,
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ูˆุทูˆู„ 76 ู…ูŠู„ุงุŒ
01:21
17 miles wide,
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ูˆ17 ู…ูŠู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุถุŒ
01:24
and it's going to weigh two gigatons.
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ูˆุณูŠุฒู† 2 ุฌูŠุบุง ุทู† .
01:27
I'm sorry, there's nothing normal about this.
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ุฃู†ุง ุขุณูุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู‡ุฐุง.
01:30
And yet I think it's this perspective of us
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจุชู†ุง
01:33
as humans to look at our world
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ูƒุจุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
01:36
through the lens of normal
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… " ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ "
01:38
is one of the forces
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ู‡ูŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰
01:40
that stops us developing real solutions.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
01:46
Only 90 days after this,
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90 ูŠูˆู…ุง ูู‚ุท ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
01:49
arguably the greatest discovery
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุนุธู… ุงูƒุชุดุงู
01:51
of the last century occurred.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„.
01:53
It was the sequencing for the first time
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
01:55
of the human genome.
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ู„ู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ.
01:58
This is the code that's in every single one
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดูŠูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
02:02
of our 50 trillion cells
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ุงู„50 ุชุฑู„ูŠูˆู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง
02:04
that makes us who we are and what we are.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡.
02:08
And if we just take one cell's worth
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ูˆุฅู† ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท
02:10
of this code and unwind it,
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠูุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจุณุทู‡ุงุŒ
02:15
it's a meter long,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุทูˆู„ ู…ุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
02:19
two nanometers thick.
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ูˆุจุณู…ูƒ 2 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ.
02:21
Two nanometers is 20 atoms in thickness.
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2 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ุชุนุงุฏู„ ุณู…ูƒ 20 ุฐุฑุฉ
02:25
And I wondered,
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ูˆุชุณุงุกู„ุชุŒ
02:27
what if the answer to some of our biggest problems
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ุจุนุถ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู†ุง
02:30
could be found in the smallest of places,
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ุŒ
02:33
where the difference between what is
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ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
02:35
valuable and what is worthless
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ู…ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ ูˆู…ุง ู„ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู‡
02:37
is merely the addition or subtraction
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุฐู
02:39
of a few atoms?
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ุจุถุน ุฐุฑุงุชุŸ
02:41
And what
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ูˆู…ุงุฐุง
02:43
if we could get exquisite control
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุจุฏูŠุนุฉ
02:46
over the essence of energy,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ
02:48
the electron?
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ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุŸ
02:51
So I started to go around the world
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
02:53
finding the best and brightest scientists
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ุจุญุซุง ุนู† ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุฃู„ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก
02:55
I could at universities
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ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
02:57
whose collective discoveries have the chance
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุงูƒุชุดุงูุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ
02:59
to take us there,
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ู„ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
03:01
and we formed a company to build
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ูˆุฃู†ุดุฃู†ุง ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู„ุจู†ุงุก
03:03
on their extraordinary ideas.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃููƒุงุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ.
03:05
Six and a half years later,
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ุจุนุฏ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ูˆู†ุตูุŒ
03:07
a hundred and eighty researchers,
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ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูˆู† ุจุงุญุซุงุŒ
03:09
they have some amazing developments
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ
03:11
in the lab,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุŒ
03:13
and I will show you three of those today,
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ุณุฃุฑูŠูƒู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
03:15
such that we can stop burning up our planet
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ุจุญูŠุซ ู†ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุญุฑู‚ ูƒูˆูƒุจู†ุง
03:18
and instead,
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ูˆุจุฏู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:20
we can generate all the energy we need
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง
03:23
right where we are,
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ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุญูŠุซ ู†ุญู†ุŒ
03:25
cleanly, safely, and cheaply.
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ุจู†ุธุงูุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู…ุงู†ุŒ ูˆุซู…ู† ุจุฎุณ.
03:28
Think of the space that we spend
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ู‚ุถูŠ
03:30
most of our time.
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ููŠู‡ ู…ุนุธู… ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง.
03:32
A tremendous amount of energy
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ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
03:34
is coming at us from the sun.
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ุชุฃุชูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ.
03:36
We like the light that comes into the room,
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ูŠุนุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉุŒ
03:38
but in the middle of summer,
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนุฒ ุงู„ุตูŠูุŒ
03:40
all that heat is coming into the room
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ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฑ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ
03:42
that we're trying to keep cool.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฅุจู‚ุงุฆู‡ุง ุจุงุฑุฏุฉ.
03:44
In winter, exactly the opposite is happening.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„.
03:46
We're trying to heat up
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุชุณุฎูŠู†
03:47
the space that we're in,
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ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ููŠู‡ุŒ
03:49
and all that is trying to get out through the window.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุฉ.
03:51
Wouldn't it be really great
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ุฃู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน
03:55
if the window could flick back the heat
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุฉ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฑุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
03:57
into the room if we needed it
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุฅู† ุงุญุชุฌู†ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง
03:59
or flick it away before it came in?
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ุฃูˆ ุฅุจุนุงุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุฃุชูŠุŸ
04:01
One of the materials that can do this
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ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐุง
04:03
is a remarkable material, carbon,
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุŒ
04:08
that has changed its form in this incredibly beautiful reaction
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุบูŠุฑุช ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„
04:11
where graphite is blasted by a vapor,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠูุฌุฑ ุงู„ุบุฑุงููŠุช ุจุงู„ุจุฎุงุฑุŒ
04:16
and when the vaporized carbon condenses,
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ูˆุญูŠู† ูŠุชูƒุซู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุจุฎุฑุŒ
04:20
it condenses back into a different form:
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ูŠุชูƒุซู ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ู:
04:23
chickenwire rolled up.
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ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจูƒ ู…ู„ุชู.
04:26
But this chickenwire carbon,
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจูƒ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
04:28
called a carbon nanotube,
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ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰ ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ู†ุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ
04:30
is a hundred thousand times smaller
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจู…ุฆุงุช ุฃู„ูˆู ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช
04:32
than the width of one of your hairs.
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ู…ู† ุนุฑุถ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุดุนูŠุฑุงุชูƒู….
04:35
It's a thousand times
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช
04:37
more conductive than copper.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุตูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ.
04:40
How is that possible?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุงุŸ
04:45
One of the things about working at the nanoscale
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ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงู†ูˆ
04:49
is things look and act very differently.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุจุฏูˆ ูˆุชุชุตุฑู ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุง ุฌุฏุง.
04:52
You think of carbon as black.
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ุชููƒุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุณูˆุฏ.
04:58
Carbon at the nanoscale
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ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงู†ูˆูŠ
05:01
is actually transparent
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ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุดูุงู
05:04
and flexible.
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ูˆู…ุฑู†.
05:09
And when it's in this form,
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ูˆุญูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ
05:11
if I combine it with a polymer
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ุญูŠู† ุฃุฏู…ุฌู‡ ู…ุน ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุฑ
05:14
and affix it to your window
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ูˆุฃู„ุตู‚ู‡ ุจู†ุงูุฐุชูƒู…
05:17
when it's in its colored state,
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ุญูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูˆุถุนูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉุŒ
05:20
it will reflect away all heat and light,
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ุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุนูƒุณ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุฑ ูˆุงู„ุถูˆุกุŒ
05:23
and when it's in its bleached state
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ูˆุญูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุถุฉ
05:25
it will let all the light and heat through
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ุณูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุถูˆุก ูˆุงู„ุญุฑ ุจุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„
05:28
and any combination in between.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†.
05:31
To change its state, by the way,
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ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ุŒ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉุŒ
05:34
takes two volts from a millisecond pulse.
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ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ููˆู„ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุฐุจุฐุจุฉ ู…ูŠู„ูˆุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
05:37
And once you've changed its state, it stays there
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ูˆุญูŠู† ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
05:40
until you change its state again.
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ุญุชู‰ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุง.
05:43
As we were working on this incredible
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ู…ุฐู‡ู„
05:45
discovery at University of Florida,
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ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุฏุงุŒ
05:47
we were told to go down the corridor
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ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู†ุฒูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงู‚
05:50
to visit another scientist,
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ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ู… ุขุฎุฑุŒ
05:52
and he was working
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„
05:54
on a pretty incredible thing.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑ ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุนุฉ.
05:56
Imagine
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ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
05:58
if we didn't have to rely
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ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ
06:00
on artificial lighting to get around at night.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ู„ูŠู„ุง.
06:06
We'd have to see at night, right?
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุจุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
06:12
This lets you do it.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ูƒู… ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
06:14
It's a nanomaterial, two nanomaterials,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู†ุงู†ูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุงุฏุชุงู† ู†ูˆูˆูŠุชุงู†ุŒ
06:17
a detector and an imager.
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ู…ู„ุชู‚ุท ูˆู…ุตูˆุฑ.
06:20
The total width of it
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ุนุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ
06:22
is 600 times smaller
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจ600 ู…ุฑุฉ
06:24
than the width of a decimal place.
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ู…ู† ุนุฑุถ ุฌุฒุก ุนุดุฑูŠ.
06:27
And it takes all the infrared available at night,
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ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ู„ูŠู„ุงุŒ
06:31
converts it into an electron
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ูˆูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†
06:34
in the space of two small films,
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ููŠ ูุถุงุก ููŠู„ู…ูŠู† ุตุบูŠุฑูŠู†ุŒ
06:37
and is enabling you to play an image
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ูˆูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ูƒ ุจุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
06:40
which you can see through.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง.
06:47
I'm going to show to TEDsters,
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ุณุฃุนุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠุฏุณุชุฑุฒ" ู†ุดุทุงุก ุชูŠุฏ "ุŒ
06:50
the first time, this operating.
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ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅูƒุชุดุงู
06:52
Firstly I'm going to show you
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ุฃูˆู„ุง ุณุฃุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
06:54
the transparency.
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ุงู„ุดูุงููŠุฉ.
06:57
Transparency is key.
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ุงู„ุดูุงููŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ.
07:01
It's a film that you can look through.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡.
07:04
And then I'm going to turn the lights out.
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ุซู… ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุทูุงุก ุงู„ุฃุถูˆุงุก.
07:07
And you can see, off a tiny film,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุฑุคูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠู„ู… ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ
07:10
incredible clarity.
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ูˆุถูˆุญุง ู‡ุงุฆู„ุง.
07:14
As we were working on this, it dawned on us:
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงุชุถุญ ู„ู†ุง:
07:18
this is taking infrared radiation, wavelengths,
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุชุญุช ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูŠุŒ
07:22
and converting it into electrons.
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ูˆูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช.
07:25
What if we combined it
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฏู…ุฌู†ุงู‡
07:31
with this?
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ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
07:34
Suddenly you've converted energy
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ูุฌุฃุฉ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
07:37
into an electron on a plastic surface
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠ
07:41
that you can stick on your window.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ู„ุตู‚ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงูุฐุชูƒู….
07:44
But because it's flexible,
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑู†ุŒ
07:46
it can be on any surface whatsoever.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุณุทุญ ูƒูŠูู…ุง ูƒุงู†.
07:50
The power plant of tomorrow
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ู…ุญุทุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฏ
07:53
is no power plant.
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุนุฏุงู… ู…ุญุทุงุช ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก.
08:00
We talked about generating and using.
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ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู….
08:03
We want to talk about storing energy,
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ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ
08:05
and unfortunately
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ
08:07
the best thing we've got going
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ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง
08:09
is something that was developed in France
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ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุชู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ููŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง
08:11
a hundred and fifty years ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุนุงู…ุงุŒ
08:13
the lead acid battery.
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ุงู„ุจุทุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุถูŠุฉ.
08:15
In terms of dollars per what's stored,
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ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุง ุชู… ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุชุŒ
08:17
it's simply the best.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„.
08:19
Knowing that we're not going to put fifty of
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ุถุน ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง
08:21
these in our basements to store our power,
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ููŠ ู‚ุจูˆู†ุง ู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ
08:23
we went to a group at University of Texas at Dallas,
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ุชูˆุฌู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชูƒุณุงุณ ููŠ ุฏุงู„ุงุณุŒ
08:25
and we gave them this diagram.
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ูˆุฃุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ูŠ.
08:27
It was in actually a diner
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ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนุดุงุก
08:29
outside of Dallas/Fort Worth Airport.
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ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ุทุงุฑ ุฏุงู„ุงุณ/ููˆุฑุซ ูˆูˆุฑุซ.
08:31
We said, "Could you build this?"
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ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ "ู‡ู„ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุฏูˆุฑูƒ ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐุงุŸ"
08:33
And these scientists,
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ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกุŒ
08:35
instead of laughing at us, said, "Yeah."
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ุจุฏู„ ุฃู† ูŠุถุญูƒูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุงุŒ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุŒ "ู†ุนู…."
08:37
And what they built was eBox.
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ูˆู…ุง ุจู†ูˆู‡ ูƒุงู† eBox.
08:40
EBox is testing new nanomaterials
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ุงู„eBox ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู†ุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
08:42
to park an electron on the outside,
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ู„ุฑูƒู† ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ
08:45
hold it until you need it,
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ูˆุงู„ุงุญุชูุงุธ ุจู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุŒ
08:48
and then be able to release it and pass it off.
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ุซู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ู‡ ูˆุชูุฑูŠู‚ู‡.
08:51
Being able to do that means
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ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
08:55
that I can generate energy
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู…ู‚ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ
08:58
cleanly, efficiently and cheaply
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ุจู†ุธุงูุฉุŒ ูˆูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุซู…ู† ุจุฎุณ
09:01
right where I am.
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ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ุง.
09:03
It's my energy.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุทุงู‚ุชูŠ.
09:06
And if I don't need it, I can convert it
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ูˆุญูŠู† ู„ุง ุฃุญุชุงุฌู‡ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง
09:08
back up on the window
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ุฑุฌูˆุนุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงูุฐุฉ
09:10
to energy, light, and beam it,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุถูˆุกุŒ ูˆุฅุฑุณุงู„ ุดุนุงุนุŒ
09:12
line of site, to your place.
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ููŠ ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ.
09:15
And for that I do not need
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ูˆู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ุฃุญุชุงุฌ
09:18
an electric grid between us.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุจูƒุฉ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู†ุง.
09:21
The grid of tomorrow is no grid,
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ู…ุญุทุงุช ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุนุฏุงู… ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏุŒ
09:25
and energy, clean efficient energy,
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ูˆุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุนุงู„ุฉุŒ
09:29
will one day be free.
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ูŠูˆู…ุง ู…ุง ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ.
09:36
If you do this, you get the last puzzle piece,
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ุฅู† ู‚ู…ุชู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณุชุญุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุฌูŠุฉุŒ
09:40
which is water.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
09:46
Each of us, every day,
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ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุงุŒ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงุŒ
09:51
need just eight glasses of this,
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ูู‚ุท ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูˆุงุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
09:56
because we're human.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจุดุฑ.
09:59
When we run out of water,
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ุญูŠู† ูŠู†ูุฐ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ
10:01
as we are in some parts of the world
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ูƒู…ุง ุญุตู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
10:03
and soon to be in other parts of the world,
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ูˆู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
10:05
we're going to have to get this from the sea,
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ
10:08
and that's going to require us to build desalination plants.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุญุชู… ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุญุทุงุช ุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
10:11
19 trillion dollars is what we're going to have to spend.
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19 ุชุฑู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุตุฑูู‡.
10:14
These also require tremendous amounts of energy.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ.
10:16
In fact, it's going to require twice the world's
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุณูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุถุนู ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
10:18
supply of oil to run the pumps
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูุท ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุถุฎุงุช
10:20
to generate the water.
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ู„ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
10:23
We're simply not going to do that.
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ู„ู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉ.
10:25
But in a world where energy is freed
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ
10:27
and transmittable
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ูˆู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ู„
10:29
easily and cheaply, we can take any water
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ุจูƒู„ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃูŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡
10:31
wherever we are
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ุฃูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง
10:33
and turn it into whatever we need.
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ูˆุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡.
10:37
I'm glad to be working with
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ุฃู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุงุดุชุบุงู„ ู…ุน
10:39
incredibly brilliant and kind scientists,
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ู…ุน ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจุงู‡ุฑูŠู† ูˆู„ุทูุงุกุŒ
10:41
no kinder than
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ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ุทูุง ู…ู†
10:43
many of the people in the world,
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ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
10:45
but they have a magic look at the world.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุณุงุญุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู….
10:48
And I'm glad to see their discoveries
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏ ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุดุงูุงุชู‡ู…
10:50
coming out of the lab and into the world.
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ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
10:53
It's been a long time in coming for me.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู†ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุง.
10:57
18 years ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ 18 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
11:00
I saw a photograph in the paper.
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ุฑุฃูŠุช ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููˆุชูˆุบุฑุงููŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุฏุฉ.
11:04
It was taken by Kevin Carter
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ุชู… ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทู‡ุง ู…ู† ุทุฑู ูƒูŠูู† ูƒุงุฑุชุฑ
11:06
who went to the Sudan
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู†
11:08
to document their famine there.
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ู„ุชูˆุซูŠู‚ ู…ุฌุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
11:10
I've carried this photograph with me
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠ
11:12
every day since then.
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ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู†.
11:17
It's a picture of a little girl dying of thirst.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุทูู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุชู…ูˆุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุทุด.
11:27
By any standard this is wrong.
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ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุงุทุฆ.
11:32
It's just wrong.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูู‚ุท ุฎุงุทุฆ.
11:38
We can do better than this.
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง.
11:41
We should do better than this.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง.
11:44
And whenever I go round
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ูˆุฃูŠู†ู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช
11:46
to somebody who says,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
11:48
"You know what, you're working on something that's too difficult.
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"ุชุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุงุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑ ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุฉ.
11:50
It'll never happen. You don't have enough money.
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ู„ู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุจุฏุง. ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ.
11:53
You don't have enough time.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ.
11:56
There's something much more interesting around the corner,"
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจุŒ"
11:59
I say, "Try saying that to her."
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ุฃู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุฌุฑุจ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู‡ุง."
12:01
That's what I say in my mind. And I just say
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฐู‡ู†ูŠ. ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูู‚ุท
12:03
"thank you," and I go on to the next one.
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"ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒุŒ" ูˆุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
12:06
This is why we have to solve our problems,
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ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุญู„ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู†ุงุŒ
12:09
and I know the answer as to how
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ูˆุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
12:14
is to be able to get exquisite control
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ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ู†
12:18
over a building block of nature,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ
12:21
the stuff of life:
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ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ:
12:23
the simple electron.
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ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท.
12:25
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู….
12:27
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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