Why should you listen to Vivaldi's "Four Seasons"? - Betsy Schwarm

Translator: Nargiza Khamidova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Light, bright, and cheerful.

Yengil, yorqin va quvnoq.

It's some of the most familiar of all early 18th century music.

XVIII asr boshining eng tanish navolaridan biri.

It's been featured in uncounted films and television commercials,

Uni sanoqsiz filmlar va reklama roliklarida eshitish mumkin.

but what is it and why does it sound that way?

ammo bu qanday musiqa, va nega u shunday yangraydi?

This is the opening of "Spring" from "The Four Seasons,"

Bu italyan bastakori Antonio Vivaldi qalamiga mansub

by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi.

"To'rt mavsum" dan "Bahor" konsertining kirish qismi.

"The Four Seasons" are famous in part because they are a delight to the ear.

"To'rt fasl" ko'proq eshituvchiga o'zgacha zavq bag'ishlagani tufayli mashhur.

However, even more notable

Ammo yanada diqqatga sazovor

is the fact that they have stories to tell.

haqiqat shundaki, ularning aytib beradigan hikoyalari bor.

At the time of their publication in Amsterdam in 1725,

"To'rt mavsum" ning 1725 yil Amsterdamda nashr etilgan partiturasiga

they were accompanied by poems

she'rlar hamrohlik qilgan

describing exactly what feature of that season

va ular Vivaldining ayni faslga xos qaysi holatni

Vivaldi intended to capture in musical terms.

tasvirlashini maqsad qilganligini hikoya qilgan.

In providing specific plot content for instrumental music,

Cholg'u musiqasi uchun o'ziga xos mazmunli syujet yaratishda

Vivaldi was generations ahead of his time.

Vivaldi o'z davridan bir necha avlod oldinda edi.

If one were to read the poems simultaneously to hearing the music,

Agar-da kimdir musiqani eshitish bilan birga she'rlarni o'qiganida,

one would find the poetic scenes

u she'riy sahnalar va musiqiy tasvir o'rtasidagi

synchronizing nicely with the musical imagery.

ajoyib hamohanglikni payqagan bo'lardi.

We are told that the birds welcome spring with happy song,

Qushlarning bahorni quvnoq kuy bilan qarshilashi haqida o'qir ekanmiz,

and here they are doing exactly that.

ularning aynan shunday qilayotganini eshitamiz.

Soon, however, a thunderstorm breaks out.

Ammo keyinroq to'satdan momaqaldiroq boshlanadi.

Not only is there musical thunder and lightning,

Biz nafaqat musiqiy chaqmoq va yashinni,

there are also more birds,

balki qushlarni ham eshitamiz -

wet, frightened, and unhappy.

ular nam tortgan, qo'rqqan va g'amga botgan.

In "Summer," the turtle dove sings her name "tortorella" in Italian,

"Yoz" da g'urrak o'z ismini italyan tilida kuylaydi - "tortorella",

before a hail storm flattens the fields.

ammo bo'ron boshlanib, maysalar do'l ostida qoladi.

"Autumn" brings eager hunters dashing out in pursuit of their prey.

"Kuz" g'ayratga to'la ovchilarning o'ljani quvlayotganidan so'zlaydi.

The "Winter" concerto begins with teeth chattering in the cold

"Qish" konsertining kirish qismida kimningdir tishlari sovuqdan chayqalmoqda

before one takes refuge by a crackling fire.

keyin u otashin olov oldida qo'nim topadi.

Then it's back out into the storm

Keyin yana bo'ron boshlanadi.

where there'll be slips and falls on the ice.

Kimdir muz ustida sirpanadi va yiqiladi.

In these first weeks of winter, the old year is coming to a close,

Qishning dastlabki haftalarida eski yil o'z nihoyasiga yetmoqda,

and so does Vivaldi's musical exploration of the seasons.

Vivaldi ham shu nuqtada o'zining mavsumlar bo'ylab sayohatiga yakun yasaydi.

Not until the early 19th century

Qariyb XIX asrning boshlariga qadar

would such expressive instrumental program music, as it was known,

bunday dasturga ega ifodali cholg'u musiqasi

become popular.

ommabop emas edi.

By then, larger, more varied ensembles were the rule

O'sha paytlarda kattaroq ansambllar mashhur bo'lib,

with woodwinds, brass, and percussion to help tell the tale.

ular yog'och va mis puflama va zarbli cholg'ulardan foydalanishgan.

But Vivaldi pulled it off with just one violin, strings, and a harpsichord.

Ammo Vivaldi uchun bitta skripka, torlar va klavesin yetarli edi.

Unlike his contemporary Bach,

Zamondoshi Baxdan farqli o'laroq,

Vivaldi wasn't much interested in complicated fugues.

Vivaldini murakkab polifonik fugalar qiziqtirmas edi.

He preferred to offer readily accessible entertainment to his listeners

U bizga buni avvalroq tinglaganimizni eslatib turuvchi va doimiy takrorlanuvchi,

with melodies that pop back up later in a piece

tinglovchilar uchun oddiy va yengil bo'lgan

to remind us of where we've been.

navolarni ko'proq afzal ko'rar edi.

So the first movement of the "Spring" concerto begins with a theme for spring

"Bahor" ning birinchi qismi bahor kuyi bilan boshlanib,

and ends with it, too, slightly varied from when it was last heard.

huddi shu kuyning ozgina o'zgargan shakli bilan yakunlanadi.

It was an inspired way to attract listeners,

Bu -tingolvchi e'tiborini tortishning to'g'ri yo'li edi,

and Vivaldi,

va Vivaldi,

considered one of the most electrifying violinists of the early 18th century,

XVIII asr boshining eng zabardast skripkachilaridan biri,

understood the value of attracting audiences.

ommani jalb etishning qiymatini yaxshi tushunar edi.

Such concerts might feature himself as the star violinist.

Bunday konsertlarda u skripka chalish san'atining yulduzi edi.

Others presented the young musicians of the Pietà,

Ba'zida unga "Pieta"ning talabalari hamroh bo'lgan.

a Venetian girls' school where Vivaldi was Director of Music.

Vivaldi ushbu Venetsiyadagi qizlar maktabi musiqa ansambliga boshchilik qilgan.

Most of the students were orphans.

Ko'pchilik talabalar yetim bo'lgan.

Music training was intended not only as social skills suitable for young ladies

Musiqiy ta'lim nafaqat yosh xonimlar uchun mos ijtimoiy ko'nikma bo'lgan.

but also as potential careers

Yaxshi oila qura olmagan qizlar uchun

for those who might fail to make good marriages.

bu kelajakda mablag' manbai ham edi.

Even in the composer's own time,

Hatto bastakorning o'z davrida ham,

Vivaldi's music served as diversion for all,

Vivaldining musiqasi nafaqat zodagonlarni,

not just for the wealthy aristocrats.

balki hammani kundalik tashvishlardan chalg'itgan.

300 years later, it's an approach that still works,

300 yil o'tsa ham hech narsa o'zgarmagan

and Vivaldi's music still sounds like trotting horses on the move.

va hamon ham Vivaldining musiqasi yo'rtib yurayotgan otlardek yangraydi.