What happens to our bodies after we die? - Farnaz Khatibi Jafari

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Since the dawn of humanity,

Od samog početka čovečanstva,

an estimated 100.8 billion people have lived and died,

procenjuje se da je živelo i umrlo 100,8 milijardi ljudi,

a number that increases by about .8% of the world's population each year.

što je broj koji se svake godine povećava za 0,8% svetske populacije.

What happens to all of those people's bodies after they die

Šta se dešava sa telima svih tih ljudi nakon što umru

and will the planet eventually run out of burial space?

i da li će na kraju na planeti nestati mesta za sahranjivanje?

When a person's heart stops beating,

Kada srce osobe prestane da kuca,

the body passes through several stages before it begins decomposing.

telo prolazi kroz nekoliko faza pre nego što počne da se raspada.

Within minutes after death,

Nekoliko minuta nakon smrti,

the blood begins settling in the lower-most parts of the body.

krv počinje da se taloži u najnižim delovima tela.

Usually eight to twelve hours later,

Obično osam do dvanaest sati kasnije,

the skin in those areas is discolored by livor mortis, or post-mortem stain.

koža menja boju u tim oblastima zbog mrtvačkih ili postmortalnih mrlja.

Dok se u trenutku smrti mišići u telu potpuno opuštaju

And while at the moment of death the body's muscles relax completely

in a condition called primary flaccidity,

u stanju zvanom primarna mlitavost,

they stiffen about two to six hours later in what's known as rigor mortis.

ukrućuju se oko dva do šest sati kasnije

u onome što je poznato kao mrtvačka ukočenost.

This stiffening spreads through the muscles,

Ukočenost se širi kroz mišiće

and its speed can be affected by age, gender, and the surrounding environment.

i na njegovu brzinu može uticati starost, pol, kao i okruženje.

The body also changes temperature,

Takođe se menja temperatura tela

usually cooling off to match its environment.

tako što se obično hladi da bi se prilagodilo sredini.

Next comes decomposition,

Zatim nastupa raspadanje,

proces u kome bakterije i insekti razlažu telo.

the process by which bacteria and insects break apart the body.

Many factors affect the rate of decomposition.

Mnogi faktori utiču na brzinu raspadanja.

There is, however, a basic guide of the effect of the environment on decompositon

Međutim, postoji osnovni vodič o uticaju sredine na raspadanje

called Casper's Law.

zvani Kasperov zakon.

It says that if all other factors are equal,

On kaže da, ako su ostali faktori isti,

a body exposed to air decomposes twice as fast as one immersed in water

telo izloženo vazduhu se raspada dvaput brže od onog uronjenog u vodu

and eight times as fast as one buried in earth.

i osam puta brže od onog koje je zakopano u zemlji.

Soil acidity also greatly affects bone preservation.

Kiselost zemljišta takođe u velikoj meri utiče na očuvanost kostiju.

High-acidity soils with a pH of less than 5.3

Vrlo kisela zemljišta sa pH vrednošću ispod 5,3

will rapidly decompose bone,

brzo će razložiti kost,

whereas in a neutral or basic soil with a pH of 7 or more,

dok u zemljištu sa neutralnom ili bazičnom kiselošću sa pH od 7 i više

a skeleton can remain in relatively good condition for centuries.

skelet može vekovima ostati u relativno dobrom stanju.

Different cultures throughout history have developed unique approaches to burials.

Različite kulture su kroz istoriju razvile jedinstvene pristupe sahranama.

Još od prvih sahrana neandertalaca,

As far back as the first Neanderthal burials,

death was accompanied by rituals,

smrt je bila propraćena ritualima

kao što su nameštanje, bojenje i ukrašavanje leševa.

like the positioning, coloring, or decorating of corpses.

Traditional Christian burials decorate the body in dress,

Tradicionalne hrišćanske sahrane ukrašavaju telo odećom,

dok se u tradicionalnom islamu

while in traditional Islam,

a body is wrapped in a piece of ritual fabric

telo umotava u ritualnu tkaninu,

with the face oriented toward Mecca.

pri čemu je lice okrenuto ka Meki.

Tradicionalni hinduisti ceremonijalno spaljuju telo,

Traditional Hindus ceremonially burn the body,

a zaratustranci, sledbenici jedne od najstarijih monoteističkih religija,

and Zoroastrians, followers of one of the oldest monotheistic religions,

traditionally place bodies atop a tower to expose them to the Sun

prema tradiciji postavljaju tela na vrh kule i izlažu ih Suncu

and scavenging birds.`

i pticama lešinarima.

Before the Industrial Revolution, burials were simple and accessible.

Pre industrijske revolucije, sahranjivanje je bilo jednostavno i pristupačno.

These days, with suitable burial land running out in high-population areas,

U današnje vreme,

kada ponestaje pogodnih zemljišta u oblastima koje su gusto naseljene,

purchasing private gravesites can be costly,

kupovanje privatnih grobnih mesta može biti skupo

and many people can't afford simple burials.

i mnogi ljudi ne mogu da priušte jednostavne sahrane.

Čak i kremiranje, drugi po učestalosti pogrebni običaj u svetu,

Even cremation, the second most common burial practice in the world,

comes with a high cost.

ima visoku cenu.

Što se tiče pitanja ponestajanja mesta,

As for the question of running out of space,

the issue isn't so much about total land in the world

problem nije toliko u ukupnoj zemlji na svetu

as it is that large populations cluster together within cities.

koliko u tome što se velike grupe stanovništva grupišu u gradovima.

Most of the big cities in the world

Većini velikih gradova na svetu

may run out of suitable burial grounds within a century.

moglo bi ponestati pogodnih grobnih mesta u roku od jednog veka.

For London, it's even sooner.

U slučaju Londona, još ranije.

That may happen by 2035.

To se može dogoditi do 2035. godine.

So are there alternatives to traditional burials

Postoje li alternative za tradicionalno sahranjivanje

that might help with the space issue?

koje bi mogle da pomognu u vezi sa ovim problemom prostora?

In some countries, skyscraper cemeteries enable vertical burials.

U nekim zemljama groblja u vidu nebodera omogućavaju vertikalno sahranjivanje.

Some options focus on the body's relationship with the environment.

Neke opcije su usmerene na odnos tela sa životnom sredinom.

Promession, for example, freeze-dries and pulverizes the body,

Promesija, na primer, suši telo smrzavanjem i pulverizuje telo,

creating a powder that can turn into compost

stvarajući prah koji može da se pretvori u đubrivo

when mixed with oxygen and water.

kada se pomeša sa kiseonikom i vodom.

There are also green burials that use special materials,

Takođe postoji zeleno sahranjivanje koje koristi specijalne materijale

such as biodegradable caskets,

kao što su biorazgradivi sanduci,

urns that sprout trees,

urne iz kojih niče drveće

and burial suits that grow mushrooms.

i pogrebna odela iz kojih rastu pečurke.

Eternal reefs take that concept to the depths of the ocean

Večni grebeni donose taj koncept u okeanske dubine

using a mixture of ashes and cement to create marine habitats for sea life.

koristeći mešavinu pepela i cementa

da bi stvorili morska staništa za morska stvorenja.

Death is an inevitable part of the human condition,

Smrt je neizbežni deo ljudske situacije,

but how we treat bodies and burials continues to evolve.

ali način na koji se ophodimo prema telima i sahranjivanju nastavlja da se razvija.

We may each have different spiritual,

Svi mi možemo imati različite duhovne,

religious,

verske ili praktične pristupe umiranju,

or practical approaches to dying,

but the ever-increasing demand for burial space

ali bi nas sve veća potražnja za grobnim mestima

might give us a push to be creative

mogla pokrenuti da budemo kreativni

about where our bodies go after the final stages of life.

u pogledu toga gde naša tela odlaze nakon poslednjih faza života.