What happens to our bodies after we die? - Farnaz Khatibi Jafari

8,423,186 views ใƒป 2016-10-13

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Minseo Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Since the dawn of humanity,
0
6794
1661
์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ
00:08
an estimated 100.8 billion people have lived and died,
1
8455
5421
์•ฝ 1008์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ด์•˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
a number that increases by about .8% of the world's population each year.
2
13876
5360
๋งค๋…„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 0.8%์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
What happens to all of those people's bodies after they die
3
19236
3220
์ €๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ ๋‚œ ๋’ค ๋ชธ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:22
and will the planet eventually run out of burial space?
4
22456
4259
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ค ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ € ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
00:26
When a person's heart stops beating,
5
26715
1791
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋ฉด
00:28
the body passes through several stages before it begins decomposing.
6
28506
4150
๋ถ€ํŒจ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ชธ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Within minutes after death,
7
32656
1631
์‚ฌ๋ง ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
00:34
the blood begins settling in the lower-most parts of the body.
8
34287
3679
ํ˜ˆ์•ก์€ ๋ชธ์˜ ์•„๋žซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ณ ์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Usually eight to twelve hours later,
9
37966
2039
๋ณดํ†ต 8์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ 12์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„๋ฉด
00:40
the skin in those areas is discolored by livor mortis, or post-mortem stain.
10
40005
6079
๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜(ํ˜ˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
And while at the moment of death the body's muscles relax completely
11
46084
3812
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ง ์งํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ’€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
in a condition called primary flaccidity,
12
49896
2781
์ด ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
they stiffen about two to six hours later in what's known as rigor mortis.
13
52677
5570
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒฝ์ง์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
This stiffening spreads through the muscles,
14
58247
2130
์ด ๊ฒฝ์ง์€ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜จ๋ชธ์— ํผ์ง€๊ณ 
01:00
and its speed can be affected by age, gender, and the surrounding environment.
15
60377
5210
๊ทธ ์†๋„๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง) ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
The body also changes temperature,
16
65587
2001
์‹œ์ฒด์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:07
usually cooling off to match its environment.
17
67588
3309
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Next comes decomposition,
18
70897
2158
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
the process by which bacteria and insects break apart the body.
19
73055
4183
์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„  ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋ชธ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Many factors affect the rate of decomposition.
20
77238
3039
๋งŽ์€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€ํŒจ์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
There is, however, a basic guide of the effect of the environment on decompositon
21
80277
4520
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
called Casper's Law.
22
84797
1961
์บ์Šคํผ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:26
It says that if all other factors are equal,
23
86758
2209
๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋™์ผํ•  ๋•Œ
01:28
a body exposed to air decomposes twice as fast as one immersed in water
24
88967
6231
๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์‹œ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์†์˜ ์‹œ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘๋ฐฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
and eight times as fast as one buried in earth.
25
95198
4124
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•…์— ๋ฌปํžŒ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿ๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Soil acidity also greatly affects bone preservation.
26
99322
4232
ํ™์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋ผˆ์˜ ๋ณด์กด์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
High-acidity soils with a pH of less than 5.3
27
103554
3427
pH 5.3 ์ดํ•˜์ธ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ™์—์„œ๋Š”
01:46
will rapidly decompose bone,
28
106981
2677
๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
01:49
whereas in a neutral or basic soil with a pH of 7 or more,
29
109658
5081
pH 7์ •๋„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ํ™์—์„œ๋Š”
01:54
a skeleton can remain in relatively good condition for centuries.
30
114739
4946
ํ•ด๊ณจ์ด ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Different cultures throughout history have developed unique approaches to burials.
31
119685
4403
์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
As far back as the first Neanderthal burials,
32
124088
2632
๋„ค์•ˆ๋ฐ๋ฅดํƒˆ์ธ์˜ ์žฅ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:06
death was accompanied by rituals,
33
126720
2380
์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:09
like the positioning, coloring, or decorating of corpses.
34
129100
4318
์‹œ์‹ ์ด ๋†“์ผ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ ์ •, ์ƒ‰ ์น ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Traditional Christian burials decorate the body in dress,
35
133418
3584
์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ์€ ์‹œ์‹ ์— ์˜ท์„ ์ฐจ๋ ค์ž…ํ˜€ ๊พธ๋ช„๊ณ 
02:17
while in traditional Islam,
36
137002
1458
์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:18
a body is wrapped in a piece of ritual fabric
37
138460
2480
์‹œ์‹ ์€ ์˜์‹์šฉ ์ฒœ์— ์‹ธ์„œ
02:20
with the face oriented toward Mecca.
38
140940
3119
์–ผ๊ตด์€ ๋ฉ”์นด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Traditional Hindus ceremonially burn the body,
39
144059
2964
์ „ํ†ต ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ์˜์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ 
02:27
and Zoroastrians, followers of one of the oldest monotheistic religions,
40
147023
4247
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์œ ์ผ์‹  ์ข…๊ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์กฐ๋กœ์•„์Šคํ„ฐ๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”
02:31
traditionally place bodies atop a tower to expose them to the Sun
41
151270
4373
์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ํƒ‘์„ ๋งจ ์œ„์— ๋†“์•„
02:35
and scavenging birds.`
42
155643
2361
ํƒœ์–‘์— ๋…ธ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ๋จน๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Before the Industrial Revolution, burials were simple and accessible.
43
158004
4243
์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช… ์ด์ „์˜ ๋งค์žฅ์€ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
These days, with suitable burial land running out in high-population areas,
44
162247
4944
์š”์ฆˆ์Œ์—๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋งค์žฅ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
02:47
purchasing private gravesites can be costly,
45
167191
3099
์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์žฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด
02:50
and many people can't afford simple burials.
46
170290
2757
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹์„ ํ•  ํ˜•ํŽธ์ด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Even cremation, the second most common burial practice in the world,
47
173047
3815
์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ”ํ•œ ๋งค์žฅ ํ’์Šต์ธ ํ™”์žฅ๋„
02:56
comes with a high cost.
48
176862
2347
๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
As for the question of running out of space,
49
179209
2183
๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
03:01
the issue isn't so much about total land in the world
50
181392
2910
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์œ„ ํ† ์ง€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
as it is that large populations cluster together within cities.
51
184302
4486
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ ์•ˆ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Most of the big cities in the world
52
188788
2189
์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜
03:10
may run out of suitable burial grounds within a century.
53
190977
3593
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๋งค์žฅ์ง€๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ๊ณง ์—†์–ด์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
For London, it's even sooner.
54
194570
1820
๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:16
That may happen by 2035.
55
196390
2493
2035๋…„์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So are there alternatives to traditional burials
56
198883
2959
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:21
that might help with the space issue?
57
201842
2550
๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:24
In some countries, skyscraper cemeteries enable vertical burials.
58
204392
4949
๋ช‡ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฌ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ข…์  ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Some options focus on the body's relationship with the environment.
59
209341
3512
๋ช‡ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์‹ ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Promession, for example, freeze-dries and pulverizes the body,
60
212853
4940
ํ”„๋กœ๋ฉ”์…˜์€ ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ์–ผ๋ ค์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
creating a powder that can turn into compost
61
217793
2549
๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์„ž์–ด
03:40
when mixed with oxygen and water.
62
220342
2969
ํ‡ด๋น„๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
There are also green burials that use special materials,
63
223311
3147
ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋งค์žฅ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
such as biodegradable caskets,
64
226458
2193
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์€
03:48
urns that sprout trees,
65
228651
1891
๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ
03:50
and burial suits that grow mushrooms.
66
230542
3260
๋ฒ„์„ฏ์ด ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Eternal reefs take that concept to the depths of the ocean
67
233802
3640
์˜์›ํžˆ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์•”์ดˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
using a mixture of ashes and cement to create marine habitats for sea life.
68
237442
5991
ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Death is an inevitable part of the human condition,
69
243433
3119
์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
but how we treat bodies and burials continues to evolve.
70
246552
3931
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ๋งค์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
We may each have different spiritual,
71
250483
1909
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์‹  ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€
04:12
religious,
72
252392
981
์ข…๊ต์™€
04:13
or practical approaches to dying,
73
253373
2570
์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
but the ever-increasing demand for burial space
74
255943
2590
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
04:18
might give us a push to be creative
75
258533
2159
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
about where our bodies go after the final stages of life.
76
260692
3971
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ์„ ๋๋‚ธ ๋’ค ๋ชธ์€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7