History vs. Sigmund Freud - Todd Dufresne

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom

Working in Vienna at the turn of the 20th century,

Radeći u Beču početkom XX veka,

he began his career as a neurologist

započeo je karijeru kao neurolog

before pioneering the discipline of psychoanalysis.

pre nego što je pokrenuo novu disciplinu psihoanalizu.

He proposed that people are motivated by unconscious desires

Predložio je da su ljudi motivisani podsvesnim žudnjama

and repressed memories,

i potisnutim sećanjima,

and their problems can be addressed

i da se njihovi problemi mogu rešavati

by making those motivations conscious through talk therapy.

iznoseći te motivacije u svesno stanje kroz terapiju razgovorom.

His influence towers above that of all other psychologists in the public eye.

Njegov uticaj u očima javnosti zasenjuje sve ostale psihologe.

But was Sigmund Freud right about human nature?

Međutim, da li je Sigmund Frojd bio u pravu u pogledu ljudske prirode?

And were his methods scientific?

I da li su njegove metode bile naučne?

Order, order. Today on the stand we have… Dad?

Mir, mir. Današnji optuženi je... Tata?

Ahem, no, your honor.

Hm, ne, časni sude.

This is Doctor Sigmund Freud,

Ovo je doktor Sigmund Frojd,

one of the most innovative thinkers in the history of psychology.

jedan od najinovativnijih mislilaca u istoriji psihologije.

An egomaniac who propagated pseudoscientific theories.

Egomanijak koji je širio pseudonaučne teorije.

Well, which is it?

Pa, šta je od to dvoje?

He tackled issues medicine refused to address.

Bavio se pitanjima kojima medicina nije htela da se bavi.

Freud’s private practice treated women

Frojdova privatna praksa je lečila žene

who suffered from what was called hysteria at the time,

koje su patile od nečega što se u to vreme nazivalo histerijom

and their complaints hadn’t been taken seriously at all.

i njihove žalbe uopšte nisu shvatane ozbiljno.

From the women with depression he treated initially

Prvobitno lečeći žene sa depresijom,

to World War I veterans with PTSD,

zatim veterane Prvog svetskog rata sa posttraumatskim sindromom,

Freud’s talking cure worked,

Frojdova terapija razgovorm je delovala,

and the visibility he gave his patients forced the medical establishment

a pažnja koju je pružio svojim pacijentima je naterala medicinski establišment

to acknowledge their psychological disorders were real.

da prepozna da su njihovi psihološki poremećaji stvarni.

He certainly didn’t help all his patients.

Zasigurno nije pomogao svim svojim pacijentima.

Freud was convinced that our behavior is shaped by

Frojd je bio ubeđen da naše ponašanje oblikuju

unconscious urges and repressed memories.

podsvesni nagoni i potisnuta sećanja.

He invented baseless unconscious or irrational drivers

Izumeo je neosnovane podsvesne tj. iracionalne porive

behind the behavior of trauma survivors— and caused real harm.

koji stoje iza ponašanja ljudi s traumom i uzrokovao je istinsku štetu.

How’s that?

He misrepresented some of his most famous case studies,

Kako?

Pogrešno je predstavio neke od svojih najčuvenijih studija slučaja,

claiming his treatment had cured patients when in fact they had gotten worse.

tvrdeći da je njegov tretman izlečio pacijente, iako im je zapravo bilo gore.

Later therapists influenced by his theories

Kasniji terapeuti su pod uticajem njegovih teroija

coaxed their patients into "recovering"

navodili svoje pacijente da „povrate”

supposedly repressed memories of childhood abuse that never happened.

navodno potisnuta sećanja na zlostavljanje iz detinjstva koje se nikad nije desilo.

Lives and families were torn apart.

Životi i porodice su uništeni zbog toga.

You can’t blame Freud for later misapplications of his work—

Ne možeš da kriviš Frojda zbog kasnijih pogrešnih primena njegovog dela -

that would be projecting.

radilo bi se o učitavanju.

Plenty of his ideas were harmful without any misapplication.

Gomila njegovih ideja su bile štetne i bez pogrešnih primena.

He viewed homosexuality as a developmental glitch.

Posmatrao je homoseksualnost kao razvojnu grešku.

He coined the term penis envy—

Skovao je izraz „zavist za penisom” -

meaning women are haunted for life by their lack of penises.

u značenju da su žene trajno proklete zbog nedostatka penisa.

Freud was a product of his era.

Frojd je bio žrtva svog vremena.

Yes, some of the specifics were flawed,

Da, neke pojedinosti su bile manjkave,

but he created a new space for future scientists to explore,

ali stvorio je novi prostor za buduće naučnike da istražuju,

investigate, and build upon.

ispituju i nadograđuju.

Modern therapy techniques that millions of people rely on

Savremene terapijske tehnike na koje se milioni ljudi oslanjaju

came out of the work he started with psychoanalysis.

su proizašle iz dela koje je on započeo psihoanalizom.

And today everyone knows there’s an unconscious—

I danas svako zna za postojanje podsvesti -

that idea was popularized Freud.

tu ideju je popularizovao Frojd.

Psychologists today only believe in a “cognitive unconscious,”

Današnji psiholozi jedino veruju u „kognitivnu podsvest”,

the fact that you aren’t aware of everything going on at a given moment.

činjenicu da nismo svesni svega što se dešava u bilo kom trenutku.

Freud took this idea way too far, ascribing deep meaning to everything.

Frojd je otišao predaleko sa ovom idejom, pripisujući svemu dublje značenje.

He built his theories on scientific ideas that were outdated even in his own time,

Gradio je svoje teorije na naučnim idejama koje su bile zastarele i u njegovo vreme,

not just by today’s standards—

a ne samo po današnjim merilima -

for example, he thought individual psychology

na primer, smatrao je da je individualna psihologija

is derived from the biological inheritance of events in ancient history.

proizašla iz biološkog nasleđa događaja iz drevne istorije.

And I mean ancient—  like the Ice Age or the killing of Moses.

Pri čemu pod drevnim mislim - poput ledenog doba ili ubistva Mojsija.

Freud and his closest allies actually believed these prehistorical traumas

Frojd i njegovi najbliži saradnici zapravo su verovali da ove praistorijske traume

had ongoing impacts on human psychology.

imaju trajan uticaj na ljudsku psihologiju.

He thought that the phase of cold indifference to sexuality

Smatrao je da je faza hladne nezainteresovanosti za seksualnost

during pubescence was literally an echo of the Ice Age.

tokom predadolescentskog uzrasta bukvalno odraz ledenog doba.

With fantastical beliefs like these, how can we take him seriously?

Uz ovako fantastična ubeđenja, kako da ga shvatimo ozbiljno?

Any renowned thinker from centuries past

Svi cenjeni mislioci iz prošlih vekova

has ideas that seem fantastical by today’s standards,

imaju ideje koje se čine fantastičnim po današnjim merilima,

but we can’t discount their influence on this basis.

ali ne možemo na osnovu toga da im umanjimo značaj.

Freud was an innovator linking ideas across many fields.

Frojd je bio inovator, koji je povezivao ideje iz raznih oblasti.

His concepts have become everyday terms

Njegovi koncepti su postali svakidašnji izrazi

that shape how we understand and talk about our own experiences.

koji oblikuju to kako razumemo i govorimo o našim sopstvenim iskustvima.

The Oedipus complex? Ego and id? Defense mechanisms? Death wishes?

Edipov kompleks? Ego i id? Odbrambeni mehanizam? Nagon smrti?

All Freud.

Sve je to Frojd.

But Freud didn’t present himself as a social theorist—

Frojd se nije predstavljao kao teoretičar društva -

he insisted that his work was scientific.

insistirao je da je njegov rad nauka.

Are you saying he… repressed inconvenient facts?

Da li govoriš da je... potiskivao neprikladne činjenice?

Freud’s theories were unfalsifiable.

Frojdove teorije je bilo nemoguće opovrgnuti.

Wait, so you’re saying he was right?

Čekaj, kažeš da je bio u pravu?

No, his ideas were framed so that there’s no way to empirically verify them.

Ne, njegove ideje su formulisane tako da nije bilo moguće da se empirijski potvrde.

Freud didn’t even necessarily believe in the psychoanalysis he was peddling.

Frojd nije čak nužno ni verovao u psihoanalizu koju je promovisao.

He was pessimistic about the impact of therapy.

Bio je pesimističan u pogledu uticaja terapije.

What! I think I need to lie down!

Sačekaj! Mislim da moram da prilegnem!

Many of Sigmund Freud’s ideas don’t hold up to modern science,

Mnoge ideje Sigmunda Frojda su neodržive u savremenoj nauci,

and his clinical practices don’t meet today’s ethical standards.

a njegove kliničke prakse nisu u skladu sa današnjim moralnim standardima.

At the same time, he sparked a revolution in psychology and society,

Istovremeno, pokrenuo je revoluciju u psihologiji i društvu

and created a vocabulary for discussing emotion.

i stvorio je rečnik za raspravljanje o emocijama.

Freud made his share of mistakes.

Frojd je napravio niz grešaka.

But is a thinker responsible for how subsequent generations

Međutim, da li je mislilac odgovoran za to kako će buduće generacije

put their ideas to use?

da primenjuju njegove ideje?

Do they deserve the blame, credit, or redemption

Da li im pripada krivica, zasluga ili iskupljenje

when we put history on trial?

kada stavimo istoriju na suđenje?