History vs. Sigmund Freud - Todd Dufresne

Prevoditelj: Nina Bassi Recezent: Sanda L

Working in Vienna at the turn of the 20th century,

Radeći u Beču početkom 20. stoljeća,

he began his career as a neurologist

počeo je svoju karijeru kao neurolog

before pioneering the discipline of psychoanalysis.

prije nego što je osnovao disciplinu psihoanalize.

He proposed that people are motivated by unconscious desires

Pretpostavio je kako su ljudi motivirani željama nesvjesnog

and repressed memories,

i potisnutim sjećanjima,

and their problems can be addressed

a njihovi se problemi mogu riješiti

by making those motivations conscious through talk therapy.

tako da se te motivacije osvijeste putem razgovorne terapije.

His influence towers above that of all other psychologists in the public eye.

Njegov utjecaj nadmašuje sve ostale psihologe u oku javnosti.

But was Sigmund Freud right about human nature?

Ali je li Sigmund Freud bio u pravu što se tiče ljudske prirode?

And were his methods scientific?

I jesu li njegove metode bile znanstvene?

Order, order. Today on the stand we have… Dad?

Mir, mir. Danas kao svjedoka imamo... Tata?

Ahem, no, your honor.

Ahm, ne, poštovani suče.

This is Doctor Sigmund Freud,

Ovo je doktor Sigmund Freud,

one of the most innovative thinkers in the history of psychology.

jedan od najinovativnijih mislilaca u povijesti psihologije.

An egomaniac who propagated pseudoscientific theories.

Egomanijak koji je širio pseudoznanstvene teorije.

Well, which is it?

Pa, koje je od toga?

He tackled issues medicine refused to address.

Doticao se problema kojima se medicina odbijala baviti.

Freud’s private practice treated women

Freudova privatna praksa liječila je žene

who suffered from what was called hysteria at the time,

koje su patile od nečega što se tada zvalo histerija,

and their complaints hadn’t been taken seriously at all.

a njihovi prigovori nisu bili shvaćeni ozbiljno.

From the women with depression he treated initially

Od žena s depresijom, koje je tretirao u početku,

to World War I veterans with PTSD,

pa sve to veterana Prvog svjetskog rata s PTSP-om,

Freud’s talking cure worked,

Freudova razgovorna terapija bila je uspješna,

and the visibility he gave his patients forced the medical establishment

a vidljivost koju je dao svojim pacijentima prisilila je zdravstvene ustanove

to acknowledge their psychological disorders were real.

da priznaju kako su njihovi psihološki poremećaji stvarni.

He certainly didn’t help all his patients.

Naravno da nije pomogao svim svojim pacijentima.

Freud was convinced that our behavior is shaped by

Freud je bio uvjeren kako je naše ponašanje oblikovano

unconscious urges and repressed memories.

nesvjesnim potrebama i potisnutim sjećanjima.

He invented baseless unconscious or irrational drivers

Izumio je neutemeljeno nesvjesno ili iracionalne porive

behind the behavior of trauma survivors— and caused real harm.

koji se kriju iza ponašanja ljudi koji su preživjeli traume - i uzrokovao pravu štetu.

How’s that?

He misrepresented some of his most famous case studies,

Kako to?

Krivo je protumačio neke od najpoznatijih studija slučaja

claiming his treatment had cured patients when in fact they had gotten worse.

tvrdeći kako su njegovi tretmani izliječili pacijente, a zapravo su pogoršali stanje.

Later therapists influenced by his theories

Kasnije su terapeuti pod utjecajem njegovih teorija

coaxed their patients into "recovering"

namamili svoje pacijente u "oporavak"

supposedly repressed memories of childhood abuse that never happened.

kroz navodna potisnuta sjećanja zlostavljanja iz djetinjstva koja se nikada nisu dogodila.

Lives and families were torn apart.

Životi i obitelji bili su uništeni.

You can’t blame Freud for later misapplications of his work—

Ne možete kriviti Freuda za kasnije krive primjene njegovog rada --

that would be projecting.

to bi bila projekcija.

Plenty of his ideas were harmful without any misapplication.

Mnoge njegove ideje bile su štetne bez ikakve krive primjene.

He viewed homosexuality as a developmental glitch.

Smatrao je kako je homoseksualnost greška u razvoju.

He coined the term penis envy—

Stvorio je pojam zavist prema penisu --

meaning women are haunted for life by their lack of penises.

što znači kako žene cijeli život progoni nedostatak penisa.

Freud was a product of his era.

Freud je bio proizvod svog razdoblja.

Yes, some of the specifics were flawed,

Da, neke specifikacije su bile manjkave,

but he created a new space for future scientists to explore,

ali je stvorio prostor budućim znanstvenicima da istražuju,

investigate, and build upon.

ispituju i grade.

Modern therapy techniques that millions of people rely on

Moderne terapijske metode na koje se oslanjaju milijuni ljudi

came out of the work he started with psychoanalysis.

proizašle su iz rada kojeg je on započeo psihoanalizom.

And today everyone knows there’s an unconscious—

I danas svi znaju kako postoji nesvjesno --

that idea was popularized Freud.

ideja koju je popularizirao Freud.

Psychologists today only believe in a “cognitive unconscious,”

Psiholozi danas vjeruju samo u "kognitivno nesvjesno",

the fact that you aren’t aware of everything going on at a given moment.

činjenica kako niste svjesni svega što se događa u određenom trenutku.

Freud took this idea way too far, ascribing deep meaning to everything.

Freud je odveo ovu ideju predaleko, pripisujući svemu dublje značenje.

He built his theories on scientific ideas that were outdated even in his own time,

Gradio je svoje teorije na znanstvenim idejama zastarjelim čak i u njegovo vrijeme,

not just by today’s standards—

ne samo po današnjim standardima;

for example, he thought individual psychology

na primjer, smatrao je kako je individualna psihologija

is derived from the biological inheritance of events in ancient history.

proizašla iz biološkog nasljeđa događaja iz drevne prošlosti.

And I mean ancient—  like the Ice Age or the killing of Moses.

A pod drevne mislim na drevne - na ledeno doba ili ubojstvo Mojsija.

Freud and his closest allies actually believed these prehistorical traumas

Freud i njegovi najbliži saveznici zapravo su vjerovali kako ove prapovijesne traume

had ongoing impacts on human psychology.

imaju stalan utjecaj na ljudsku psihologiju.

He thought that the phase of cold indifference to sexuality

Smatrao je kako je faza hladne ravnodušnosti prema seksualnosti

during pubescence was literally an echo of the Ice Age.

tijekom puberteta doslovno odjek ledenog doba.

With fantastical beliefs like these, how can we take him seriously?

S ovako bizarnim vjerovanjima tko ga može shvatiti ozbiljno?

Any renowned thinker from centuries past

Svaki poznati mislilac prijašnjih stoljeća

has ideas that seem fantastical by today’s standards,

imao je ideje koje se čine bizarnima prema današnjim standardima,

but we can’t discount their influence on this basis.

ali ne možemo umanjiti njihov utjecaj na temelju toga.

Freud was an innovator linking ideas across many fields.

Freud je bio inovator koji je povezivao ideje s različitih polja.

His concepts have become everyday terms

Njegovi koncepti postali su svakodnevni termini

that shape how we understand and talk about our own experiences.

koji oblikuju kako mi razumijemo i pričamo o vlastitim iskustvima.

The Oedipus complex? Ego and id? Defense mechanisms? Death wishes?

Edipov kompleks? Ego i id? Obrambeni mehanizmi? Želja za smrću?

All Freud.

Sve Freud.

But Freud didn’t present himself as a social theorist—

Ali Freud se nije predstavljao kao društveni teoretičar --

he insisted that his work was scientific.

inzistirao je kako je njegov rad znanstveni.

Are you saying he… repressed inconvenient facts?

Želiš li reći kako je on... potisnuo neugodne činjenice?

Freud’s theories were unfalsifiable.

Freudove teorije bile su neosporive.

Wait, so you’re saying he was right?

Čekaj, želiš reći da je bio u pravu?

No, his ideas were framed so that there’s no way to empirically verify them.

Ne, njegove su ideje bile oblikovane tako da se nisu mogle empirički potvrditi.

Freud didn’t even necessarily believe in the psychoanalysis he was peddling.

Freud čak nije nužno ni vjerovao u psihoanalizu koju je prodavao.

He was pessimistic about the impact of therapy.

Bio je pesimističan oko utjecaja terapije.

What! I think I need to lie down!

Što? Mislim da moram prileći!

Many of Sigmund Freud’s ideas don’t hold up to modern science,

Mnogo ideja Sigmunda Freuda ne drže se moderne znanosti,

and his clinical practices don’t meet today’s ethical standards.

a njegove kliničke prakse ne pridržavaju se današnjih etičkih standarda.

At the same time, he sparked a revolution in psychology and society,

U isto vrijeme, potaknuo je revoluciju u psihologiji i društvu

and created a vocabulary for discussing emotion.

i stvorio rječnik za raspravu o emocijama.

Freud made his share of mistakes.

Freud je napravio pogreške.

But is a thinker responsible for how subsequent generations

Ali je li mislilac odgovoran za to kako će naredne generacije

put their ideas to use?

upotrijebiti te ideje?

Do they deserve the blame, credit, or redemption

Zaslužuju li one krivnju, zasluge ili iskupljenje

when we put history on trial?

kada sudimo prema povijesti?