How to understand power - Eric Liu

Kako da razumemo moć - Erik Lu (Eric Liu)

Prevodilac: Anja Saric Lektor: Mile Živković

Every day of your life,

Svakog dana svog života,

you move through systems of power that other people made.

krećete se kroz sisteme moći koje su drugi ljudi stvorili.

Do you sense them?

Da li ih osećate?

Do you understand power?

Da li razumete moć?

Do you realize why it matters?

Da li shvatate zbog čega je bitna?

Power is something we are often uncomfortable talking about.

Moć je tema o kojoj se ne osećamo lagodno da pričamo.

That's especially true in civic life, how we live together in community.

To je posebno tačno u građanskom životu, kako živimo zajedno u zajednicama.

In a democracy, power is supposed to reside with the people, period.

U demokratiji, moć treba da obitava sa ljudima i tačka.

Any further talk about power and who really has it

Bilo kakva dalja rasprava o moći i ko je zaista poseduje

seems a little dirty, maybe even evil.

deluje pomalo prljavo, možda čak zlobno.

But power is no more inherently good or evil than fire or physics.

Ali moć nije inheretno više dobra ili loša nego vatra ili fizika.

It just is.

Ona jednostavno jeste.

It governs how any form of government works.

Ona određuje kako bilo koji oblik vlade funkcioniše.

It determines who gets to determine the rules of the game.

Određuje ko diktira pravila igre.

So learning how power operates is key to being effective,

Tako da je učenje kako moć funkcioniše ključ da postanemo efikasni,

being taken seriously, and not being taken advantage of.

da nas shvataju ozbiljno i da nas ne iskorišćavaju.

In this lesson, we'll look at where power comes from,

U ovoj lekciji, pogledaćemo odakle dolazi moć,

how it's exercised and what you can do to become more powerful in public life.

kako se izvodi i šta možemo uraditi kako bismo postali moćniji u javnom životu.

Let's start with a basic definition.

Počnimo sa osnovnom definicijom.

Power is the ability to make others do what you would have them do.

Moć je sposobnost da načinimo druge da urade ono što želimo.

Of course, this plays out in all arenas of life,

Naravno, ovo se može odnositi na sve aspekte života,

from family to the workplace to our relationships.

od porodice preko posla do veza.

Our focus is on the civic arena,

Naš akcenat je na građanskom aspektu

where power means getting a community to make the choices

gde moč znači teranje zajednice da pravi izbore

and to take the actions that you want.

i da dela onako kako mi želimo.

There are six main sources of civic power.

Postoji šest glavnih izvora građanske moći.

First, there's physical force and a capacity for violence.

Prvo, tu je fizička sila i sposobnost za nasilje.

Control of the means of force, whether in the police or a militia,

Kontrola sredstava sile, bilo političke ili vojne,

is power at its most primal.

je moć u samoj osnovi.

A second core source of power is wealth.

Drugi izvor moći je bogatstvo.

Money creates the ability to buy results and to buy almost any other kind of power.

Novac stvara šansu za kupovinu rezultata i bilo koje druge vrste moći.

The third form of power is state action, government.

Treći oblik moći je državno dejstvo, vlada.

This is the use of law and bureaucracy to compel people

To je upotreba zakona i birokratije kako bi se prisilili ljudi

to do or not do certain things.

da urade ili ne urade određene stvari.

In a democracy, for example, we the people, theoretically,

U demokratiji, na primer, mi ljudi, teorijski,

give government its power through elections.

dajemo vladi moć putem izbora.

In a dictatorship, state power emerges from the threat of force,

U diktaturi, državna moć se pojavljuje usled pretnji nasiljem,

not the consent of the governed.

ne uz saglasnost ljudi.

The fourth type of power is social norms or what other people think is okay.

Četvrti tip moći su socijalne norme, ili ono što drugi smatraju ispravnim.

Norms don't have the centralized machinery of government.

Norme nemaju centralizovanu mašineriju rukovodstva.

They operate in a softer way, peer to peer.

One operiraju na blaži način, od čoveka do čoveka.

They can certainly make people change behavior and even change laws.

One svakako mogu naterati ljude da promene ponašanja, pa čak i zakone.

Think about how norms around marriage equality today are evolving.

Razmislite kako se danas razvijaju norme u vezi sa jednakošću braka.

The fifth form of power is ideas.

Peta forma moći su ideje.

An idea, individual liberties, say, or racial equality,

Ideja, pojedinačne slobode, recimo, ili rasna ravnopravnost,

can generate boundless amounts of power

može proizvesti neograničene količine moći

if it motivates enough people to change their thinking and actions.

ako motiviše dovoljan broj ljudi da promene svoje razmišljanje i dela.

And so the sixth source of power is numbers, lots of humans.

I tako su šesti izvor moći brojevi, mnoštvo ljudi.

A vocal mass of people creates power by expressing

Bučna masa ljudi stvara moć izražavajući

collective intensity of interest

kolektivni intenzitet interesa

and by asserting legitimacy.

i tvrdeći legitimnost.

Think of the Arab Spring or the rise of the Tea Party.

Setite se arapskog proleća ili bostonske čajanke.

Crowds count.

Gomile se računaju.

These are the six main sources of power, what power is.

To su šest glavnih izvora moći, ono što čini moć.

So now, let's think about how power operates.

Hajde sada da vidimo kako moć funkcioniše.

There are three laws of power worth examining.

Postoje tri pravila moći koje vredi proučiti.

Law number one: power is never static.

Pravilo broj jedan: moć nikada nije statična.

It's always either accumulating or decaying in a civic arena.

Uvek je ili akumulativna ili opadajuća u građanskoj sferi.

So if you aren't taking action, you're being acted upon.

Tako da ako vi ne diktirate akciju, akcija se vrši nad vama.

Law number two: power is like water.

Pravilo broj dva: moć je kao voda.

It flows like a current through everyday life.

Teče kao struja kroz svakodnevni život.

Politics is the work of harnessing that flow in a direction you prefer.

Politika je ovladavanje tim tokom u pravcu koji vam odgovara,

Policymaking is an effort to freeze and perpetuate a particular flow of power.

Vođenje politike je pokušaj da se zamrzne i ovekoveči određeni tok moći.

Policy is power frozen.

Politika je zamrznuta moć.

Law number three: power compounds.

Pravilo broj tri: moć se taloži.

Power begets more power, and so does powerlessness.

Moć stvara još moći, a isto tako i nemoć.

The only thing that keeps law number three from leading to a situation

Jedina stvar koja sprečava pravilo tri da dovede do situacije

where only one person has all the power

u kojoj jedna osoba ima svu moć

is how we apply laws one and two.

je način primene pravila jedan i dva.

What rules do we set up so that a few people don't accumulate too much power,

Koja pravila postavljamo kako nekolicina ljudi ne bi akumulirala previše moći,

and so that they can't enshrine their privilege in policy?

i da ne konzervira svoje privilegije u politici?

That's the question of democracy,

To je pitanje demokratije,

and you can see each of these laws at work in any news story.

i svako od ovih pravila možete videti na delu u bilo kojoj priči u vestima.

Radnici sa niskim primanjima se organizuju kako bi dobili veće plate.

Low wage workers organize to get higher pay.

Oil companies push to get a big pipeline approved.

Naftne kompanije vrše pritisak kako bi im odobrili veliki cevovod.

Gay and lesbian couples seek the legal right to marry.

Istopolni parovi traže zakonsko pravo da se venčavaju.

Urban parents demand school vouchers.

Urbani roditelji zahtevaju školske vaučere.

You may support these efforts or not.

Možete podržavati ove pokrete ili ne.

Whether you get what you want depends on how adept you are with power,

Da li ćete dobiti ono što želite ili ne zavisi od toga koliko ste vešti sa moći,

which brings us finally to what you can do to become more powerful in public life.

što nas dovodi do toga šta možete uraditi da biste postali moćniji u javnom životu.

Here, it's useful to think in terms of literacy.

Ovde je korisno misliti o pismenosti.

Your challenge is to learn how to read power and write power.

Vaš izazov je da naučite da čitate i da pišete moć.

To read power means to pay attention to as many texts of power as you can.

Čitati moć znači obratiti pažnju na što više tekstova o moći.

I don't mean books only.

Ne mislim samo na knjige.

I mean seeing society as a set of texts.

Mislim na viđenje društva kao skup tekstova.

Don't like how things are in your campus or city or country?

Ne dopada vam se stanje stvari na kampusu, u vašem gradu ili državi?

Map out who has what kind of power, arrayed in what systems.

Napravite plan toga ko ima kakvu moć postrojenu u kojim sistemima.

Understand why it turned out this way,

Razumite zbog čega je to tako ispalo,

who's made it so, and who wants to keep it so.

ko je to tako napravio, i zbog čega želi da i dalje bude tako.

Study the strategies others in such situations used:

Proučite strategije koje su drugi koristili u takvim situacijama:

frontal attack or indirection,

frontalni napad ili zaobilazak,

coalitions or charismatic authority.

koalicije ili harizmatični autoritet.

Read so you may write.

Čitajte kako biste mogli da pišete.

To write power requires first that you believe you have the right to write,

Da biste pisali moć, morate prvo verovati da imate pravo da pišete,

to be an author of change.

da budete autor promena.

You do.

Imate.

As with any kind of writing, you learn to express yourself,

Kao i kod bilo koje druge vrste pisanja, naučite da se izražavate,

speak up in a voice that's authentic.

da pričate glasom koji je autentičan.

Organize your ideas, then organize other people.

Organizujte svoje ideje, a onda organizujte ljude.

Practice consensus building.

Vežbajte izgradnju konsenzusa.

Practice conflict.

Vežbajte konflikt.

As with writing, it's all about practice.

Kao i kod pisanja, sve je u vežbi.

Every day you have a chance to practice, in your neighborhood and beyond.

Svakog dana imate šansu da vežbate, u svom komšiluku i šire.

Set objectives, then bigger ones.

Postavite ciljeve, a onda još veće.

Watch the patterns, see what works.

Pratite obrasce, vidite šta funkcioniše.

Adapt, repeat.

Adaptirajte, ponovite.

This is citizenship.

To znači biti građanin.

In this short lesson, we've explored where civic power comes from,

U ovoj kratkoj lekciji, istražili smo odakle dolazi građanska moć,

how it works and what you can do to exercise it.

kako funkcioniše i šta možete učiniti da biste je praktikovali.

One big question remaining is the "why" of power.

Jedno veliko pitanje koje preostaje je "zašto"?

Do you want power to benefit everyone or only you?

Da li želite moć kako biste vi imali koristi, ili kako bi svi imali koristi?

Are your purposes pro-social or anti-social?

Da li je vaša svrha prosocijalna ili antisocijalna?

This question isn't about strategy.

Ovo pitanje se ne odnosi na strategiju.

It's about character, and that's another set of lessons.

Odnosi se na karakter, a to je tema za novu lekciju.

But remember this:

Ali upamtitie ovo:

Power plus character equals a great citizen,

Moć plus karakter jednako je veliki građanin,

and you have the power to be one.

i vi imate moć da budete baš to.